1、考研英语-418 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Energy will be one of the defining issues of this century. One thing is clear: the era of (1) Oil is over. What we all do next will determine how well we meet the energy needs of the entire world in this century and (2) .Demand
2、is soaring like (3) before. As populations grow and economies (4) , millions in the developing world are enjoying the benefits of a lifestyle that (5) increasing amounts of energy. In fact, some say that in 20 years the world will (6) 40% more oil than it does today. At the same time, many of the wo
3、rlds oil and gas fields are (7) . And new energy discoveries are mainly occurring in places where resources are difficult to (8) , physically, economically and even politically. When growing demand meets (9) supplies, the result is more (10) for the same resources.We can wait until a crisis forces u
4、s to do something. (11) we can (12) to working together, and start by asking the (13) questions: How do we meet the energy needs of the developing world and those of industrialized nations? What role will renewables and (14) energies play? What is the best way to protect our environment? How do we a
5、ccelerate our conservation efforts? (15) actions we take, we must look not just to next year, (16) to the next 50 years.At Chevron, we believe that innovation, collaboration and conservation are the (17) on which to build this new world. We cannot do this alone. Corporations, governments and every c
6、itizen of this planet must be part of the solution as (18) as they are part of the problem. We (19) scientists and educators, politicians and policy-makers, environmentalists, leaders of industry and each one of you to be part of (20) the next era of energy.（分数：10.00）A.fossilB.eternalC.easyD.formida
7、bleA.afterB.beyondC.laterD.afterwardA.neverB.longC.everD.sometimeA.take onB.take toC.take offD.take afterA.acquiresB.requiresC.rescuesD.inquiresA.consumeB.restrainC.resumeD.compriseA.emergingB.menacingC.eruptingD.maturingA.extractB.constructC.extolD.extemporizeA.amplerB.surplusC.emergentD.tighterA.a
8、ccommodationB.competitionC.stimulationD.cooperationA.Or elseB.NeverthelessC.OrD.AlbeitA.commitB.striveC.conductD.simulateA.novelB.toxicC.numerousD.toughA.alternateB.subterraneanC.alternativeD.abundantA.OnceB.HoweverC.AlthoughD.WhateverA.but thenB.butC.but yetD.but forA.milestonesB.milieuC.cornerston
9、esD.correspondenceA.symbolicallyB.synchronouslyC.swiftlyD.surelyA.call uponB.call offC.call forthD.call overA.revokingB.reshapingC.revertingD.reversing二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)September 11th 2001 drew the transatlantic alliance together; but t
10、he mood did not last, and over the five years since it has pulled ever further apart. A recent poll for the German Marshall Fund shows that 57% of Europeans regard American leadership in world affairs as “undesirable“. The Iraq war is mainly to blame. But there is another and more. intractable reaso
11、n for the growing division: God.Europeans worry that American foreign policy under George Bush is too influenced by religion. The “holy warriors“ who hijacked the planes on September 11th reintroduced God into international affairs in the most dramatic of ways. It seems that George Bush is replying
12、in kind, encouraging a clash of religions that could spell global catastrophe.Dominique Moisi, a special adviser at the French Institute for International Relations, argues that “the combination of religion and nationalism in America is frightening. We feel betrayed by God and by nationalism, which
13、is why we are building the European Union as a barrier to religious warfare.“ Josef Braml, of the German Institute for International and Security Affairs, complains that in America “religious attitudes have more of an influence on political choices than in any other western democracy.“The notion tha
14、t America is too influenced by religion is not confined to the elites. Three in five French people and nearly as many Dutch think that Americans are too religious-and that religion skews what should be secular decisions. Europeans who think that America is “too religious“ are more inclined to anti-A
15、mericanism than their fellow countrymen. 38% of Britons have an unfavourable view of America, but that number rises to 50% among people who are wary of American religiosity.Is America engaged in a faith-based foreign policy? Religion certainly exerts a growing influence on its actions in the world,
16、but in ways more subtle and complicated than Europeans imagine. It is true that America is undergoing a religious revival. “Hot“ religions such as evangelical Protestantism and hardline Catholicism are growing rapidly while “cool“ mainline versions of Christianity are declining. It is also true that
17、 the Republican Party, is being reshaped by this revival. Self-identified evangelicals provided almost 40% of Mr. Bushes vote in 2004; if you add in other theological conservatives, such as Mormons and traditional Catholics, that number rises closer to 60%. All six top Republican leaders in the Sena
18、te have earned 100K ratings from the Christian Coalition.It is also true that Mr. Bush frequently uses religious rhetoric when talking of foreign affairs. On September 12th he was at it again, telling a group of conservative journalists that he sees the war on terror as “a confrontation between good
19、 and evil“, and remarking, “It seems to me that theres a Third Awakening“ (in other words, an outbreak of Christian evangelical fervour, of the sort that has swept across America at least twice before). And Christian America overall is taking a bigger interest in foreign policy. New voices are being
20、 heard, such as Sam Brownback, a conservative senator from Kansas who has led the fight against genocide in Darfur, and Rick Warren, the author of a bestseller called “The Purpose-Driven Life“, who is sending 2,000 missionaries to Rwanda.Finally, it is true that religious figures have done some pret
21、ty outrageous things. Pat Robertson called for the assassination of Hugo Ch vez, the president of Venezuela. Lieutenant-General William “Jerry“ Boykin, deputy under-secretary of defence for intelligence, toured the country telling Christian groups that radical Muslims hate America “because were a Ch
22、ristian nation and the enemy is a guy named Satan“. He often wore uniform.（分数：10.00）(1).The increasing transatlantic schism, according to the text, results from _.（分数：2.00）A.terrorist attacksB.American reliance on deityC.intractable reasonD.multiple factors(2).The phrase “in kind“ in the last senten
23、ce of the second paragraph most probably denotes _.（分数：2.00）A.“with something tender“B.“with kindness“C.“out of charity impulse“D.“with something similar“(3).The view mentioned in the third paragraph at least prevail among _.（分数：2.00）A.the European UnionB.the religious establishmentC.the special adv
24、iserD.the elites(4).With which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree?（分数：2.00）A.Americas foreign policy seems strongly influenced by religion. But that influence is much more complex than its critics suppose.B.In the world of good and evil American foreign policy is bo
25、und to be fruitless.C.The growing disparity which is created by God has been existing. But the gulf of the transatlantic alliance will be bridged.D.Religious figures have made some pretty outrageous things that could be compromised by means non-violent means.(5).The author evidences his own notion b
26、y advancing _.（分数：2.00）A.four factsB.far-fetched pretextsC.random hypothesisD.powerful preachers五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)It is no longer just dirty blue-collar jobs in manufacturing that are being sucked offshore but also white-collar service jobs, which used to be considered safe from foreign compet
27、ition. Telecoms charges have tumbled, allowing workers in far-flung locations to be connected cheaply to customers in the developed world. This has made it possible to offshore services that were once non-tradable. Morgan Stanleys Mr. Roach has been drawing attention to the fact that the “global lab
28、our arbitrage“ is moving rapidly to the better kinds of jobs. It is no longer just basic data processing and call centres that are being outsourced to low-wage countries, but also software programming, medical diagnostics, engineering design, law, accounting, finance and business consulting. These c
29、an now be delivered electronically from anywhere in the world, exposing skilled white-collar workers to greater competition.The standard retort to such arguments is that outsourcing abroad is too small to matter much. So far fewer than lm American service-sector jobs have been lost to off-shoring. F
30、orrester Research forecasts that by 2015 a total of 3.4m jobs in services will have moved abroad, but that is tiny compared with the 30m jobs destroyed and created in America every year. The trouble is that such studies allow only for the sorts of jobs that are already being off-shored, when in real
31、ity the proportion of jobs that can be moved will rise as IT advances and education improves in emerging economies.Alan Blinder, an economist at Princeton University, believes that most economists are underestimating the disruptive effects of off-shoring, and that in future two to three times as man
32、y service jobs will be susceptible to off-shoring as in manufacturing. This would imply that at least 30% of all jobs might be at risk. In practice the number of jobs off-shored to China or India is likely to remain fairly modest. Even so, the mere threat that they could be shifted will depress wage
33、s.Moreover, says Mr. Blinder, education offers no protection. Highly skilled accountants, radiologists or computer programmers now have to compete with electronically delivered competition from abroad, whereas humble taxi drivers, janitors and crane operators remain safe from off-shoring. This may h
34、elp to explain why the real median wage of American graduates has fallen by 6% since 9000, a bigger decline than in average wages.In the 1980s and early 1990s, the pay gap between low-paid, low-skilled workers and high-paid, high-skilled Workers widened significantly. But since then, according to a
35、study by David Autor, Lawrence Katz and Melissa Kearney, in America, Britain and Germany workers at the bottom as well as at the top have done better than those in the middle-income group. Office cleaning cannot be done by workers in India. It is the easily standardised skilled jobs in the middle, s
36、uch as accounting, that are now being squeezed hardest. A study by Bradford Jensen and Lori Kletzer, at the Institute for International Economics in Washington D. C., confirms that workers in tradable services that are exposed to foreign competition tend to be more skilled than workers in non-tradab
37、le services and tradable manufacturing industries.（分数：10.00）(1).To offshore services that were once non-tradable results from _.（分数：2.00）A.the blue-collar job marketB.the geographic location of the underdeveloped worldC.the fierce competition among skilled workersD.the dive of telecoms fee(2).Which
38、of the following statements is the typical reply concerning off-shoring?（分数：2.00）A.Service-sector has sustained a great loss.B.White-collar workers will not have a narrow escape.C.Most economists underestimated the effects of off-shoring.D.Outsourcing abroad has no significant impact.(3).According t
39、o the text, Forrester Research Prediction might be different if _.（分数：2.00）A.outsourcing abroad is large enough to matter muchB.the proportion of jobs that can be moved will riseC.more comprehensive factors are taken into accountD.education improvement in emerging economies plays a role(4).The narra
40、tive of the text in the last three paragraphs concentrates on _.（分数：2.00）A.the standard retort to the argumentsB.off-shoring and the resulting incomeC.the future off-shoringD.the counter-measures at hand(5).Which of the following could be the best title for the text?（分数：2.00）A.Business consulting.B.
41、Blue-collar jobs.C.Non-tradable services.D.White-collar blues.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Few beyond Californias technology crowd recognise the name Larry Sonsini; none within its circle could fail to. For four decades he has been lawyer, adviser and friend to many prominent companies and investors. Som
42、e consider him the most powerful person in Silicon Valley. Companies beg for his law firm to represent them. The 65-year-old chairman of Wilson Sonsini Goodrich and more recently, as outside counsel to Hewlett-Packard (HP), for initially defending the boards dubious investigative practices.WSG work
43、by younger artists such as Surendran Nair and Shibu Natesan beat estimates by more than 70%. Sothebys and Christies have auctions in New York next week, each with a Tyeb Mehta that is expected to fetch more than $1 million. The real question is tee fate of other works, including some by Mr. Souza wi
44、th estimates of up to $600,000. If they do well, it will demonstrate that there is strong demand and will pull up prices across the board. This looks like a market with a long way to run.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be inferred from the second paragraph that the recent rapid development of Indian modern art
45、 is closely associated with _.（分数：2.00）A.economic boomB.real estateC.electronic elementD.international action(2).According to the second paragraph, the expensive art can be seen as an ideal means of _.（分数：2.00）A.triumphB.appreciationC.assessmentD.investment(3).Which of the following is true accordin
46、g to the text?（分数：2.00）A.People attached importance to modern Indian art long before the end of 1980s.B.Rich Indians, particularly those living abroad, had a strong passion for modern Indian art for ages.C.Prices at the emerging market of modern art had been climbing and then declining.D.Rich Indian
47、s did not show interest in modern Indian art until the end of the 1990s.(4).According to the text, the fortune of such works as Mr. Souzas can exert an influence on _.（分数：2.00）A.the creation of modern artB.production of younger artistsC.the strong rejection of market policyD.the value of Indian mode
48、rn art(5).The authors narrative in the text centers on _.（分数：2.00）A.the profits brought about by a pretty pictureB.why Indian modern art is boomingC.the Success of Indian software and “business-process outsourcing“ firmsD.how wealthy Indians evaluate Indian modern art八、Part B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Back whe
49、n we were kids, the hours spent with friends were too numerous to count. There were marathon telephone conversations, all-night studying and giggling sessions. Even after boyfriends entered the picture, our best friends remained irreplaceable. And time was the means by which we nurtured those friendships. Now as adult women we never seem to have enough time for anything. Husbands, kids, careers and avocations-all require attention; too often, making time for our friends comes last on the list of priorities. And yet, ironical
