1、考研英语-38 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BDirections:/BRead the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, and D on ANSWER SHEET 1.Analysts have their go at humor, and I have read some of this interpretative literature,U (1) /Uwithout
2、being greatly instructed. Humor can beU (2) /U,U (3) /Ua frog can, but the thing dies in the process and the innards areU (4) /Uto any but the pure scientific mind.One of the thingsU (5) /Usaid about humorists is that they are really very sad people clowns with a breaking heart. There is some truth
3、in it, but it is badlyU (6) /U. It would be moreU (7) /U, I think, to say that there is a deep vein of melancholy running through everyones life and that the humorist, perhaps moreU (8) /Uof it than some others, compensates for it actively andU (9) /UHumorists fatten on troubles. They have always ma
4、de troubleU (10) /UThey struggle along with a good will and endure painU (11) /U, knowing how well it willU (12) /Uthem in the sweet by and by. You find them wrestling with foreign languages, fighting folding ironing hoards and swollen drainpipes, suffering the terribleU (13) /Uof tight boots. They
5、pour out their sorrows profitably, in aU (14) /Uof what is not quite fiction nor quite fact either. Beneath the sparking surface of these dilemmas flows the strongU (15) /Uof human woe.Practically everyone is a manic depressive of sorts, with his up moments and his down moments, and you certainly do
6、nt have to be a humorist to U(16) /Uthe sadness of situation and mood. But there is often a rather fine line between laughing and crying, and if a humorous piece of writing brings a person to the pointU (17) /Uhis emotional responses are untrustworthy and seem likely to break over into the opposite
7、realm, it isU (18) /Uhumor, like poetry, has an extra content, it playsU (19) /Uto the big hot fire which is Truth, and sometimes the reader feels theU (20) /U.（分数：10.00）A.whileB.althoughC.butD.ifA.explainedB.integratedC.detectedD.dissectedA.asB.forC.whichD.thoughA.disgustingB.discouragingC.discount
8、ingD.dismissingA.regularlyB.commonlyC.roughlyD.uniquelyA.consultedB.commentedC.remarkedD.statedA.accurateB.normalC.immediateD.exclusiveA.consciouslyB.credulousC.sensibleD.absurdA.adequatelyB.confusedlyC.reluctantlyD.positivelyA.come acrossB.pay offC.hold upD.break downA.annoyinglyB.cheerfullyC.worri
9、edlyD.hopefullyA.interestB.threatenC.benefitD.depriveA.pleasureB.exhibitionC.prejudiceD.discomfortA.styleB.patternC.formD.moldA.tideB.driftC.floatD.flareA.tasteB.steerC.tackleD.stirA.howB.whereC.howD.unlessA.whenB.thatC.whateverD.becauseA.openB.relatedC.closeD.devotedA.warmthB.severityC.tensionD.fev
10、er二、BSection Readi(总题数：4，分数：40.00)BPart A/BBDirections:/BReading the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your .answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.BText 1/BThat low moaning sound in the background just might be the Founding Fathers protesting from beyond t
11、he grave. They have been doing it when George Bush, at a breakfast of religious leaders, scorched the Democrats for failing to mention God in their platform and declaimed that a President needs to believe in the Almighty. What about the constitutional ban on “religious test(s)“ for public office? th
12、e Founding Fathers would want to know. What about Tom Jeffersons conviction that it is possible for a nonbeliever to be a moral person, “find (ing) incitements to virtue in the comfort and pleasantness you feel in its exercise“? Even George Washington must shudder in his sleep to hear the constant e
13、mphasis on “Judeo- Christian values.“ It was he who wrote, “We have abundant reason to rejoice that in this Land . every person may here worship God according to the dictates of his own heart.“George Bush should know better than to encourage the theocratic ambitions of the Christian right. The “wall
14、 of separation“ the Founding Fathers built between church and state is one of the best defenses freedom has ever had. Or have we already forgotten why the Founding Fathers put it up? They had seen enough religious intolerance in the colonies: UQuaker women/U were burned at the stake in Puritan Massa
15、chusetts; Virginians could be jailed for denying the Bibles authority. No wonder John Adams once described the Judeo-Christian tradition as “the most bloody religion that ever existed,“ and that the Founding Fathers took such pains to keep the hand that holds the musket separate from the one that ca
16、rries the cross.There was another reason for the separation of church and state, which no amount of pious ranting can expunge: not all the Founding Fathers believed in the same God, or in any God at all. Jefferson was a renowned doubter, urging his nephew to “question with boldness even the existenc
17、e of a God.“ John Adams was at least a skeptic, as were of course the revolutionary firebrands Tom Paine and Ethan Allen. Naturally, they designed a republic in which they themselves would have a place.Yet another reason argues for the separation of church and state. If the Founding Fathers had one
18、overarching aim, it was to limit the power not of the churches but of the state. They were deeply concerned, as Adams wrote, that “government shall be considered as having in it nothing more mysterious or divine than other arts or sciences. Surely the Republicans, committed as they are to “limited g
19、overnment,“ ought to honor the secular spirit that has limited our government from the moment of its birth.（分数：10.00）(1).What is implied in the first sentence?（分数：2.00）A.The president confused religion with state unwisely.B.The presidents reference to God annoyed the dead.C.The president criticized
20、his opponents for ignorance.D.The presidents standpoint was boldly questioned.(2).The separation of religion and state was designed mainly to（分数：2.00）A.highlight the role of the government.B.pay tribute to religious leaders.C.limit the command of the government.D.encourage the believers ambitions.(3
21、).When mentioning “Quaker women“ (Para. 2), the author is talking about（分数：2.00）A.religious values.B.colonial rebels.C.church reforms.D.wall of separation.(4).The authors attitude toward the Founding Fathers ideas is one of（分数：2.00）A.utter indifference.B.tactic consent.C.slight contempt.D.strong den
22、ial.(5).Which of the following is true according to the author?（分数：2.00）A.The government should bear in mind the intentions of the Founding Fathers,B.Anyone without a religious belief will naturally viewed as an immoral person.C.The government is entitled to more privileges than other social institu
23、tions.D.Any political leader must get completely free from religious doctrines.BText 2/BAny normal species would be delighted at the prospect of cloning. No more nasty surprises like sickle cell or Down syndrome-just batch after batch of high-grade and, genetically speaking, immortal offspring! But
24、representatives of the human species are responding as if someone had proposed adding Satanism to the grade-school Curriculum. Suddenly, perfectly secular folks are throwing around words like sanctity and retrieving medieval-era arguments against the pride of science. No one has proposed burning him
25、 at the stake, but the poor fellow who induced a human embryo to double itself has virtually recanted proclaiming his reverence for human life in a voice, this magazine reported,“ choking with emotion.“There is an element of hypocrisy to much of the anti-cloning furor, or if not hypocrisy, superstit
26、ion. The fact is we are already well down the path leading to genetic manipulation of the creepiest sort. Life-forms can be patented, which means they can be bought and sold and potentially traded on the commodities markets. Human embryos are life-forms, and there is nothing to stop anyone from mark
27、eting them now, on the same shelf with the Cabbage Patch dolls.In fact, any culture that encourages in vitro fertilization has no right to complain about a market in embryos. The assumption behind the in vitro industry is that some peoples genetic material is worth more than others and deserves to b
28、e reproduced at any expense. Millions of low-income babies die every year from preventable ills like dysentery, while heroic efforts go into maintaining yuppie zygotes in test tubes at the unicellular stage. This is the dread “nightmare” of eugenics in familiar, marketplace form which involves breed
29、ing the best-paid instead of the best. Cloning technology is an almost inevitable byproduct of in vitro fertilization. Once you decide to go to the trouble of in vitro, with its potentially hazardous megadoses of hormones for the female partner and various indignities for the male, you might as well
30、 make a few backup copies of any viable embryo thats produced. And once youve got the backup organ copies, why not keep a few in the freezer, in case Junior ever needs a new kidney or cornea?The critics of cloning say we should know what were getting into, with all its Orwellian implications. But if
31、 we decide to outlaw cloning, we should understand the implications of that. We would be saying in effect that we prefer to leave genetic destiny to the crap shooting of nature, despite sickle-cell anemia and Tay-Sachs and all the rest, because ultimately we dont trust the market to regulate life it
32、self. And this may be the hardest thing of all to acknowledge: that it isnt so much 21st century technology we fear, as what will happen to that technology in the hands of old-fashioned 20th century capitalism.（分数：10.00）(1).We learn from the first paragraph that（分数：2.00）A.nonreligious folks received
33、 cloning with open arms.B.the scientist was encouraged to popularize his ideas.C.some people moved strongly against cloning technique.D.a technician was condemned and sentenced to death.(2).It is implied in the 3rd paragraph that it is（分数：2.00）A.dishonest to deny some genetic manipulations.B.impract
34、ical to change our genetic destiny.C.dangerous to prepare backup copies.D.irrational to oppose financial operations.(3).We can learned from the text that cloning techniques would be applied to（分数：2.00）A.family planning.B.marketing strategies.C.preventable diseases.D.organ replacements.(4).According
35、to the text, what concerns the author most is the _ with respect to cloning technique.（分数：2.00）A.“ethics“B.“economics“C.“genetics“D.“mechanics“(5).The authors attitude towards the prospect of cloning seems to be that of（分数：2.00）A.opposition.B.suspicion.C.approval.D.indifference.BText 3/BHere in the
36、U. S. a project of moving the government a few hundred miles to the southwest proceeds apace, under the supervision of Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia. Apart from the usual highways and parks, Byrd has taken a special interest in transplanting pieces of federal agencies from metropolitan Washin
37、gton to his home state.Strangely, Byrds little experiment in de-Washingtonization has become the focus of outrage among the very people who are otherwise most critical of Washington and its ways. To these critics, it is the very symbol of congressional arrogance of power, isolation from reality, con
38、tempt for the voters, and so on, and demonstrates the need for term limits if not lynching.Consider the good-government advantages of (lets call it) the Byrd Migration. What better way to symbolize an end to the old ways and commitment to reform than physically moving the government? What better way
39、 to break up old bureaucracies than to uproot and transplant them, files and all?Second, spreading the government around a bit ought to reduce that self-feeding and self regarding Beltway culture that Washington-phobes claim to dislike so much. Of course there is a good deal of hypocrisy in this ant
40、i-Washington chatter. Much of it comes from politicians and journalists who have spent most of their adult lives in Washington and wouldnt care to live anywhere else. They are not rushing to West Virginia themselves, except for the occasional quaint rustic weekend. But they can take comfort that pub
41、lic servants at the Bureau of the Public Debt, at least, have escaped the perils of inside-the-Beltway insularity.Third, is Senator Byrds raw spread-the-wealth philosophy completely illegitimate? The Federal Government and government-related private enterprises have made metropolitan Washington one
42、of the richest areas of the country. By contrast, West Virginia is the second poorest state, after Mississippi. The entire countrys taxes support the government. Why shouldnt more of the country get a piece of it? As private businesses are discovering, the electronic revolution is making it less and
43、 less necessary for work to be centralized at headquarters. Theres no reason the government shouldnt take more advantage of this trend as well.It is hardly enough, though, to expel a few thousand midlevel bureaucrats from the Ualleged Eden/U inside the Washington Beltway. Really purging the Washingt
44、on Culture enough to satisfy its noisiest critics will require Ua mass exodus/U on the order of what the Khmer Rouge instituted when they took over Phnom Penh in 1975. Until the very members of the TIME Washington bureau itself are traipsing south along 1-95, their word processors strapped to their
45、backs, the nation cannot rest easy. But Americas would-be Khmer Rouge should give Senator Byrd more credit for showing the way.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the text, “a mass exodus“ (Para. 6) most probably means（分数：2.00）A.removing the central functions of government.B.directing federal spending toward
46、s a state.C.shifting businesses to a landlocked state.D.reforming pieces of government agencies.(2).Which of the following cannot describe the publics opinions the government?（分数：2.00）A.“Egotistic.“B.“Centralized.“C.“Illegitimate.“D.“Bureaucratic.“(3).It is implied in the 4th paragraph that some pol
47、iticians and journalists（分数：2.00）A.are entitled to some privileges.B.escape the complexities of life.C.are very doubtful of Byrds plans.D.often give their dishonest opinions.(4).As used in the text, “the alleged Eden“ (Para. 6) symbolizes（分数：2.00）A.“paradise.“B.“isolation.“C.“noisiness.“D.“luxuries.
48、“(5).It can inferred from the text that government bureaus（分数：2.00）A.have often been the target of criticisms.B.have benefited the poor.C.are an inappropriate topic for discussion.D.are quite contemptible.BText 4/BIt was a fixing sight: there, in the Capitol itself, a U.S. Senator often mocked for h
49、is halting, inarticulate speaking, reached deep into his Midwestern roots and spoke eloquently, even poetically, about who he was and what he believed, stunning politicians and journalists alike.I refer, of course, to Senator Jefferson Smith. In Frank Capras classic Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, Jimmy Stewar
