1、考研英语-368 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In the rarefied world of the corporate board, a good network matters. (1) often involves word-of- mouth recommendations: getting on a (2) is easier if you have the right connections. New research suggests men use (3) better than
2、 women.Marie Lalanne and Paul Seabright of the Toulouse School of Economics (4) the effect of a network on (5) using a database of board members in Europe and America. They find that if you were to compare two executive directors, (6) in every way except that one had 200 ex-colleagues now (7) boards
3、 and the other 400, the latter, (8) , would be paid 6% more. For non-executives the gap is 14%.The really (9) finding concerns the difference between the sexes. Among executive-board members, women earn 17% less than their male (10) . There are plenty of plausible explanations for this (11) , from i
4、nterruptions to womens careers to old-fashioned (12) . But the authors find that this pay gap can be fully (13) by the effect of executives networks. Men can leverage a large network into more senior positions or a seat on a more (14) board; women dont seem to be able to.Women could just have (15) c
5、onnections with members of their networks. “Women seem more inclined to build and rely on only a few strong relationships,“ says Mr. Seabright. Men are better at developing (16) acquaintances into a network, and better at maintaining a high personal (17) through these contacts. Women may, of course,
6、 also be hurt by the existing (18) of men on boards and a male (19) for filling executive positions with other men. But a tendency to think of other men first will be (20) if talented women dont stay on the radar. (289 words)（分数：10.00）A.EmploymentB.ApplicationC.OptionD.RecruitmentA.shortlistB.checkl
7、istC.pamphletD.leafletA.commissionsB.tacticsC.contactsD.techniquesA.documentB.measureC.superviseD.prospectA.claimB.reparationC.remunerationD.allowanceA.identicalB.similarC.differentialD.distinctiveA.sitting byB.sitting onC.sitting forD.sitting inA.in commonB.by contrastC.at handD.on averageA.confide
8、ntialB.juicyC.lucidD.scandalousA.associatesB.equivalenceC.counterpartsD.companionsA.disparityB.divergenceC.similarityD.analogyA.discourtesyB.disturbanceC.disputeD.discriminationA.explainedB.compensatedC.eliminatedD.inducedA.industriousB.ludicrousC.lucrativeD.economicalA.weakerB.strongerC.promisingD.
9、fabulousA.transientB.temperateC.imminentD.passingA.resumeB.qualificationC.outlineD.profileA.monopolyB.transactionC.dominanceD.surveillanceA.perspirationB.substituteC.prerequisiteD.preferenceA.amplifiedB.aggravatedC.popularizedD.increased二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Tex
10、t 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The film-awards season, which reaches its tearful climax with the Oscars next week, has long been only loosely related to the film business. Hollywood is dedicated to the art of funneling teenagers past popcorn stands, not art itself. But this years awards are less relevant than e
11、ver. The true worth of a film is no longer decided by the crowd that assembles in the Kodak Theatreor, indeed, by any American. It is decided by youngsters in countries such as Russia, China and Brazil.Hollywood has always been an international business, but it is becoming dramatically more so. In t
12、he past decade total box-office spending has risen by about one-third in North America while more than doubling elsewhere. Thanks to Harry Potter, Sherlock Holmes and “Inception“, Warner Bros made $2.93 billion outside North America last year, smashing the studios previous record of $2.24 billion. F
13、alling DVD sales in America, by far the worlds biggest home-entertainment market, mean Hollywood is even more dependent on foreign punters.The rising foreign tide has lifted films that were virtually written off in America, such as “Prince of Persia“ and “The Chronicles of Narnia: the Voyage of the
14、Dawn Treader“. Despite starring the popular Jack Black, “Gullivers Travels“ had a disappointing run in North America, taking $42m at the box office so far. But strong turnout in Russia and South Korea helped it reach almost $150m in sales elsewhere. As a result, it should turn a profit, says John Da
15、vis, the films producer.The growth of the international box office is partly a result of the dollars weakness. It was also helped by “Avatar“, and eco-fantasy that made a startling $2 billion outside North America. But three things are particularly important: a cinema boom in the emerging world, a c
16、oncerted effort by the major studios to make films that might play well outside America and a global marketing push to make sure they do.Russia, with its shrinking teenage population, is an unlikely spot for a box-office boom. Yet cinema- building is proceeding apace, and supply has created demand.
17、Last year 160m cinema tickets were sold in Russiathe first time in recent years that sales have exceeded the countrys population. Ticket prices have risen, in part because the new cinemas are superior, with digital projectors that can show 3D films. The big Hollywood studios are muscling domestic fi
18、lm-makers aside. In 2007 American films made almost twice as much at the Russian box office as domestic films8.3 billion roubles ($325m) compared with 4.5 billion. Last year the imported stuff made some 16.4 billion roubles: more than five times as much as the home-grown product, estimates Movie Res
19、earch, a Moscow outfit. Earlier this month Vladimir Putin, Russias Prime Minister, said the government would spend less money supporting Russian film-makers and more on expanding the number of screens. (471 words)（分数：10.00）(1).We can learn from Paragraph 1 that _.（分数：2.00）A.film awards are not relev
20、ant to the film businessB.Hollywood tries its best to attract teenagers to pass popcorn standsC.the true worth of a film is decided by Russia, China and BrazilD.Oscar will reach its tearful climax next week(2).The word “punter“ (Line 6, Para. 2) most probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.movieB.businessC.stud
21、ioD.customer(3).How much did “Gullivers Travels“ take at the box office outside North America?（分数：2.00）A.$42m.B.$180m.C.Almost $192m.D.Almost $150m.(4).Which of the following may NOT be the reason for the growth of the international box office?（分数：2.00）A.Major studios employ global marketing to make
22、 films.B.Cinema is developing rapidly in the emerging world.C.“Avatar“ made great profit outside North America.D.The dollar is devaluated.(5).What is the main idea of Paragraph 5?（分数：2.00）A.Cinema develops rapidly in Russia while American films impact Russian domestic films greatly.B.American films
23、are more successful at the Russian box office than domestic films.C.Cinema-building creates demand so that more Russian teenagers go to cinema.D.Russian government would spend more on expanding the number of cinemas.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)For the moment, mind-reading is still science fiction. But t
24、hat may not be true for much longer. Several lines of inquiry are converging on the idea that the neurological activity of the brain can be decoded directly, and peoples thoughts revealed without being spoken.Just imagine the potential benefits. Such a development would allow both the fit and the di
25、sabled to operate machines merely by choosing what they want those machines to do. It would permit the profoundly handicapped to communicate more easily than is now possible even with the text-based speech engines used by the likes of Stephen Hawking. It might unlock the mental prisons of people app
26、arently in comas, who nevertheless show some signs of neural activity. For the able-bodied, it could allow workers to dictate documents silently to computers simply by thinking about what they want to say. The most profound implication, however, is that it would abolish the ability to lie.Who could
27、object to that? You will not bear false witness. Tell the truth, and shame the Devil. Transparency, which speaks for honesty in management, is put forward as the answer to most of todays evils. But honestly speaking, the truth of the matter is that this would lead to disaster, for lying is at the he
28、art of civilization. People are not the only creatures who lie. Species from squids to chimpanzees have been caught doing it from time to time. But only human beings have turned lying into an art. Call it diplomacy, public relations or simple good manners: lying is one of the things that make the wo
29、rld go round.The occasional untruth makes domestic life possible, is essential in the office and forms a crucial part of parenting. Politics might be more entertaining without lies“The prime minister has my full support“ would be translated as, “If that half-wit persists in this insane course well a
30、ll be out on our ears“but a party system would be hard to sustain without the semblance of loyalty that dishonesty permits.The truly scary prospect, however, is the effect mind-reading would have on relations between the state and the individual. In a world in which the authorities could peep at peo
31、ples thoughts, speaking truth to power would no longer be brave: it would be unavoidable. Information technology already means that physical privacy has become a scarce commodity. Websites track your interests and purchases. Mobile phones give away your location. Video cameras record what you are up
32、 to. Lose mental privacy as well, and there really will be nowhere. (423 words)（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 1?（分数：2.00）A.Nowadays mind-reading is no longer a science fiction.B.Scientists have directly decoded the neurological activity of the brain.C.Mind-readin
33、g will be as simple as book-reading.D.The dream of mind-reading will be realized in the future.(2).Which of the following is NOT true according to Paragraph 2?（分数：2.00）A.Mind-reading would help the profoundly handicapped to communicate more easily.B.Mind-reading would help both the able-bodied and d
34、isabled to operate machines simply through thoughts.C.Mind-reading would help to prevent people from telling lies.D.Mind-reading would help to keep the mental prisons of people locked tightly.(3).It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that _.（分数：2.00）A.only human beings can tell a lieB.lying means dipl
35、omacy and public relationsC.telling lies is the essential thing in the civilized societyD.without lying, the world could not go round(4).From Paragraph 4 we can draw the conclusion that _.（分数：2.00）A.a party system would maintain itself more easily without liesB.friendly untruth is necessary in both
36、home and officeC.untruth is prohibited in the course of caring for childrenD.without lies the state would become more prosperous(5).Whats the authors attitude toward the use of mind-reading?（分数：2.00）A.It has both positive and negative effects.B.Its quite helpful only for the disabled.C.It can improv
37、e the relations between the state and the individuals.D.The authorities have the right to peep at peoples thoughts through mind-reading.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)This year has turned out to be a surprisingly good one for the world economy. Global output has probably risen by close to 5%, well above it
38、s trend rate and a lot faster than forecasters were expecting 12 months ago. Most of the dangers that frightened financial markets during the year have failed to materialize. Chinas economy has not suffered a hard landing. Americas mid-year slowdown did not become a double-dip recession. Granted, th
39、e troubles of the euro areas peripheral economies have proved all too real. Yet the euro zone as a whole has grown at a decent rate for an ageing continent, thanks to oomph from Germany, the fastest-growing big rich economy in 2010.The question now is whether 2011 will follow the same pattern. Many
40、people seem to think so. Consumer and business confidence is rising in most parts of the world; global manufacturing is accelerating; and financial markets are buoyant. The MSCI index of global share prices has climbed by 20% since early July. Investors today are shrugging off news far more ominous
41、than that which rattled them earlier this year, from the soaring debt yields in the euro zones periphery to news of rising inflation in China.Earlier this year investors were too pessimistic. Now their breezy confidence seems misplaced. To oversimplify a little, the performance of the world economy
42、in 2011 depends on what happens in three places: the big emerging markets, the euro area and America. These big three are heading in very different directions, with very different growth prospects and contradictory policy choices. Some of this divergence is inevitable: even to the casual observer, I
43、ndias economy has always been rather different from Americas. But new splits are opening up, especially in the rich world, and with them come ever more chances for friction.Begin with the big emerging markets, by far the biggest contributors to global growth this year. Where it can, foreign capital
44、is pouring in. Isolated worries about asset bubbles have been replaced by a fear of broader overheating. With Brazilian shops packed with shoppers, inflation there has surged above 5% and imports in November were 44% higher than the previous year.Cheap money is often the problem. Though the slump of
45、 2009 is a distant memory, monetary conditions are still extraordinarily loose, thanks, in many places, to efforts to hold down currencies. This combination is unsustainable. To stop prices accelerating, most emerging economies will need tighter policies next year. If they do too much, their growth
46、could slow sharply. If they do too little, they invite higher inflation and a bigger tightening later. Either way, the chances of a macroeconomic shock coming from the emerging world are rising steeply. (449 words)（分数：10.00）(1).What is the economic situation of the euro zone in 2010?（分数：2.00）A.It is
47、 surprisingly good.B.It is confronted with many problems.C.It is energetic and fast-growing.D.It has grown at a reasonable rate.(2).It can be inferred from the second paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.investors are not rattled by some bad newsB.financial markets are in downtrendC.the year 2011 will be a g
48、ood one for the world economyD.investors are indifferent to the soaring debt in the euro zone(3).By saying “now their breezy confidence seems misplaced“, the author means that _.（分数：2.00）A.investors are too activeB.investors are too optimisticC.investors are too relaxedD.investors are too pessimisti
49、c(4).According to Para. 4 and Para. 5, which of the following is true of the emerging markets?（分数：2.00）A.Many people worry about asset bubbles and broader overheating.B.Loose monetary conditions are helpful to hold down currencies.C.Tighter polices are called for in order to stop prices rising.D.They need tighter polices so that their economy could grow rapidly.(5).Which of the following best states the central idea of the text?（分数：2.00）A.performance of the world economy in 2011B.performance of the economy in the emerging market
