1、考研英语-365 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)What do you think of American health care system? Most people would be (1) by the high quality of medicine (2) to most Americans. There is a lot of specialization, a great deal of (3) to the individual, a (4) amount of advanced
2、technical equipment, and (5) effort not to make mistakes because of the financial risk which doctors and hospitals must (6) in the courts if they (7) things badly.But the Americans are in a mess. To the problem is the way in (8) health care is organized and (9) . (10) to pubic belief it is not just
3、a free competition system. To the private system has been joined a large public system, because private care was simply not (11) the less fortunate and the elderly.But even with this huge public part of the system, (12) this year will eat up 84.5 billion dollarsmore than 10 percent of the U. S. Budg
4、eta large number of Americans are left (13) . These include about half the 11 million unemployed and those who fail to meet the strict limits (14) income fixed by a government trying to make savings where it can.The basic problem, however, is that there is no central control (15) the health system.
5、There is no (16) to what doctors and hospitals charge for their services, other than what the public is able to pay. The number of doctors has shot up and prices have climbed. When faced with toothache, a sick child, or a heart attack, all the unfortunate persons concerned can do is to pay (17) . Tw
6、o thirds of the population are (18) by medical insurance. Doctors charge as much as they want (19) that the insurance company will pay the bill.The rising cost of medicine in the U. S. A. is among the most worrying problems facing the country. In 1981 the countrys health bill climbed 15.9 percentabo
7、ut twice as fast as prices (20) general.（分数：10.00）A.compressedB.impressedC.obsessedD.repressedA.availableB.attainableC.achievableD.amenableA.extensionB.retentionC.attentionD.exertionA.countlessB.titanicC.broadD.vastA.intensiveB.absorbedC.intenseD.concentratedA.run intoB.encounterC.faceD.defyA.treatB
8、.dealC.maneuverD.handleA.whichB.thatC.whatD.whenA.helpedB.financedC.plannedD.controlledA.ContraryB.OpposedC.AverseD.ObjectedA.looking forB.looking intoC.looking afterD.looking overA.whichB.whatC.thatD.itA.overB.outC.offD.awayA.forB.inC.withD.onA.overB.onC.underD.behindA.boundaryB.restrictionC.confin
9、ementD.limitA.outB.forC.upD.offA.discoveredB.coveredC.recoveredD.rangedA.knowingB.to knowC.they knowD.knownA.onB.withC.inD.for二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Many parents complain that their teenage children are rebelling. They greet their childrens
10、teenage with needless dread. While teenagers may assault us with heavy-metal music, wear strange clothes, have strange hair styles, and spend all their time dating or meeting friends, such behavior scarcely adds up to full-scale revolt.Take a good look at the present rebellion. It seems that teenage
11、rs are all taking the same way of showing that they disagree with their parents. Instead of striking out boldly on their wings, most of them are clutching at one anothers hands for reassurance. Their reason for thinking or acting in thus-and-such a way is that the crowd is doing it. It has become ha
12、rder and harder for a teenager to stand up against the popularity wave and to go his or her own way. They have come out of their cocooninto a larger cocoon.Teenage rebellion, according to psychologist Laurence Steinberg, coauthor of You and Your Adolescent, has been greatly overstated. Many other ps
13、ychologists agree. The idea that teenagers inevitably rebel is a myth that has the potential for great family harm. This notion can damage communication during this critical time for parents to influence youngsters.Still adolescence is often a trying time of transition for child and parent. Teenager
14、s need to establish themselves as individualsin their own minds and in the eyes of others. This search isnt about rebellion: its about becoming a person of ones own. “ Teenagers ought to be growing away from their parents and learning to stand on their own two feet, “ says Steinberg.Here is one way
15、parents can help: dont stereotype. “ Parents who expect teenage rebellion may actually stir it up, “ says Kenneth I. Howard, a member of a research team that collected survey data on more than 20,000 teenagers over a 28-year period.Howard cautions parents not to resort to suppression at the first si
16、ght of adolescent independence, fearful that giving in even slightly now means drugs cannot be far behind. When parents overreact, teenagers assert themselves more, parents clamp down harder, and a full-scale blowup results.In fact, psychologists say that there is no inevitable pattern to teenage be
17、havior, and no such creature as a typical teenager. Your teenager is now larger, stronger, older and smarter than before, with an additional supply of hormone raging through the bloodstream. But he or she is still the same human being you have lived with since birth. Given a chance, your son or daug
18、hter will continue to behave in ways you have established.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the writer, parents fear for their childrens teenage is_.（分数：2.00）A.ridiculousB.unnecessaryC.unreasonableD.sensible(2).“ A larger cocoon “ as mentioned in paragraph 2 refers to the situation that_.（分数：2.00）A.teenage
19、rs disagree with their parentsB.teenagers want to be independentC.teenagers cannot escape from the popularity waveD.teenagers need support from their fellow teenagers(3).Overstating teenage rebellion will lead to the following consequences EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.it can do harm to the familyB.it can dama
20、ge parents influenceC.it can prevent teenagers from being individualsD.it can impair teenagers ability to make correct judgment(4).According to the psychologists, it is beneficial for parents to_.（分数：2.00）A.show fearB.use suppressionC.clamp down harderD.treat teenagers as they used to(5).The text is
21、 meant to_.（分数：2.00）A.advise the parents how to get along with their teenagersB.discuss teenage rebellion and ways to cope with itC.introduce psychologists views on teenage behaviorsD.clarify the misconception about teenage rebellion五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The question of whether war is inevitable i
22、s one which has concerned many of the worlds great writers. Before considering this question, it will be useful to introduce some related concepts. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among socia
23、l entities independently striving for something which is in inadequate supply. Competitors may not be aware of one another, while the parties to a conflict are. Conflict and competition are both categories of opposition, which has been defined as a process by which social entities function in the di
24、sservice of one another.Opposition is thus contrasted with cooperation, the process by which social entities function in the service of one another. These definitions are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups is inevitable in a world of limited
25、 resources, but conflict is not. Conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur, and is probably an essential and desirable element of human societies.Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species, only the fittest sur
26、vive. In general, however, this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. Social animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership of the group. The struggle for existence occurs not in such fights, but in the competition for limited feeding areas and for occupancy of a
27、reas free from meat-eating animals. Those who fail in this competition starve to death or become victims to other species. This struggle for existence does not resemble human war, but rather the competition of individuals for jobs, markets, and materials. The essence of the struggle is the competiti
28、on for the necessities of life that are insufficient to satisfy all.Among nations there is competition in developing resources, trades, skills, and a satisfactory way of life. The successful nations grow and prosper; the unsuccessful decline. While it is true that this competition may induce efforts
29、 to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that war-like conflict among nations is inevitable, although competition is.（分数：10.00）(1).In the first paragraph, the author gives the definitions of some terms in order to_.（分数：2.00）A.argue for the similarit
30、ies between animal societies and human societiesB.smooth out the conflicts in human societiesC.distinguish between two kinds of oppositionD.summarize the characteristic features of opposition and cooperation(2).According to the author, competition differs from conflict in that_.（分数：2.00）A.it results
31、 in war in most casesB.it induces efforts to expand territoryC.it is a kind of opposition among social entitiesD.it is essentially a struggle for existence(3).The phrase “ function in the disservice of one another “ (Para. 1)most probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.betray each otherB.harm one anotherC.help t
32、o collaborate with each otherD.benefit one another(4).The author indicates in the passage that conflict_.（分数：2.00）A.is an inevitable struggle resulting from competitionB.reflects the struggle among social animalsC.is an opposition among individual social entitiesD.can be avoided(5).The passage is pr
33、obably intended to answer the question “ _ “ .（分数：2.00）A.Is war inevitable?B.Why is there conflict and competition?C.Is conflict desirable?D.Can competition lead to conflict?六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)How efficient is our system of criminal trial? Does it really do the basic job we ask of itconvicting
34、the guilty and acquiring the innocent? It is often said that the British trail system is more like a game than a serious attempt to do justice. The lawyers on each side are so engrossed in playing hard to win, challenging each other and the judge on technical points, that the object of finding out t
35、he truth is almost forgotten. All the effort is concentrated on the big day, on the dramatic cross examination of the key witnesses in front of the jury. Critics like to compare our “ adversarial “ system (resembling two adversaries engaged in a contest) with the continental “ inquisitorial “ system
36、, under which the judge plays a more important inquiring role.In early times, in the Middle Ages, the systems of trial across Europe were similar. At that time trial by “ ordeal “ especially a religious eventwas the main way of testing guilt or innocence. When this way eventually abandoned the two s
37、ystems parted company. On the continent church-trained legal officials took over the function of both prosecuting and judging, while in England these were largely left to lay people, the Justice of the Peace and this meant that all the evidence had to be put to them orally. This historical accident
38、dominates procedure even today, with all evidence being given in open court by word of mouth on the crucial day.On the other hand, in France for instance, all the evidence is written before the trial under supervision by an investigating judge. This exhaustive pretrial looks very undramatic; much of
39、 it is just a public checking of the written records already gathered.The Americans adopted the British system lock, stock and barrel and enshrined it in their constitution. But, while the basic features of our systems are common, there are now significant differences in the way serious cases are ha
40、ndled. First, because the U. S. A. has virtually no contempt of court laws to prevent pretrial publicity in the newspaper and on television, Americans lawyers are allowed to question jurors about knowledge and beliefs.In Britain this is virtually never allowed, and a random selection of jurors who a
41、re presumed not to be prejudiced are empanelled. Secondly, there is no separate profession of barrister in the United States, and both prosecution and defense lawyers who are to present cases in court prepare themselves. They go out and visit the scene, track down and interview witnesses, and famili
42、arize themselves personally with the background. In Britain it is the solicitor who prepares the case, and the barrister who appears in court is not even allowed to meet witness beforehand. British barristers also alternate doing both prosecution and defense work. Being kept distant from the prepara
43、tion and regularly appearing for both sides, barristers are said to avoid becoming too personally involved, and can approach cases more dispassionately. American lawyers, however, often know their cases better.Reformers rightly want to learn from other countries mistakes and successes. But what is c
44、lear is that justice systems, largely because they are the result of long historical growth, are peculiarly difficult to adapt piecemeal.（分数：10.00）(1).“ British trial system is more like a game than a serious attempt to do justice. “ It implies that_.（分数：2.00）A.the British legal system can do the ba
45、sic job wellconvicting the guilty and acquitting the innocentB.the British legal system is worse than the continental legal systemC.the British legal system is often considered to be not very fairD.the British legal system is very efficient(2).Which of the following sentences is NOT true?（分数：2.00）A.
46、Lawyers in Britain are prepared to lie in order to win their cases.B.When trial by ordeal was finally abandoned throughout Europe, trial by jury was introduced in Britain.C.In the adversarial system, it is the lawyers who play the leading roles.D.Oral evidence was unnecessary in France because the j
47、udges and prosecutors could read.(3).In Britain, newspapers_.（分数：2.00）A.do the same as American newspapers doB.are not interested in publishing details about the trial before it takes placeC.are not allowed to publish details about the trial before it takes placeD.are allowed to publish details abou
48、t the trial before it takes place(4).We can infer that American lawyers_.（分数：2.00）A.do not attempt to familiarize themselves with casesB.tend to be more passionately involved in their casesC.prepare the cases themselvesD.tend to approach cases dispassionately(5).The passage_.（分数：2.00）A.questions whe
49、ther the system of trial by jury can ever be completely efficientB.suggests a number of reforms which should be made to the legal system of various countriesC.describes how the British legal system works and compares it favourably with other systemsD.compares the legal systems of a number of countries and discusses their advantages and disadvantages七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Today Americans have different eating habits than in the past. There is a wide selection of food available. They have a broader
