1、考研英语-35 及答案解析(总分：77.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Whats your earliest childhood memory? Can you remember learning to walk? Or talk? The first time you heard thunder or watched a television program? Adults seldomU U 1 /U /Uevents much earlier than the year or so before entering school
2、, U U 2 /U /Uchildren younger than three or fourU U 3 /U /Uretain any specific, personal experiences.A variety of explanations have beenU U 4 /U /Uby psychologists for this “ childhood amnesia “ . One argues that the hippocampus, the region of the brain which isU U 5 /U /Ufor formling memories, does
3、 not mature until about the age of two. But the most popular theoryU U 6 /U /Uthat, since adults dont think like children, they cannotU U 7 /U /Uchildhood memories. Adults think in words, and their life memories are like stories orU U 8 /U /Uone event follows another as in a novel or film. U U 9 /U
4、/U, when they search through their mentalU U 10 /U /Ufor early childhood memories to add to this verbal life story, they dont find any that fit theU U 11 /U /U. Its like trying to find a Chinese word in an English dictionary.Now psychologist Annette Simms of the New York State University offers a ne
5、wU U 12 /U /Ufor childhood amnesia. She argues that there simply arent any early childhood memories to recall. According to Dr. Simms, children need to learn to use someone elses spokenU U 13 /U /Uof their personalU U 14 /U /Uin order to turn their own short-term, quickly forgottenU U 15 /U /Uof the
6、m into long-term memories. U U 16 /U /U, children have to talk about theirU U 17 /U /Uand hear others talk about themMother talking about the afternoonU U 18 /U /Ulooking for seashells at the beach or Dad asking them about their day at Ocean Park. Without thisU U 19 /U /Ureinforcement, says Dr.Simms
7、, children cannot formU U 20 /U /Umemories of their personal experiences.（分数：10.00）(1). A. figure B. interpret C. recall D. affirm（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2). A. since B. even if C. as though D. just as（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3). A. largely B. rarely C. merely D. really（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4). A. refuted B. defied
8、C. proposed D. witnessed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5). A. responsible B. suitable C. favorable D. available（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6). A. declines B. assesses C. estimates D. maintains（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7). A. reflect B. attain C. access D. acquire（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8). A. narratives B. forecasts C. communications D
9、. descriptions（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9). A. Hence B. However C. Thus D. Even（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10). A. deposits B. beams C. flashes D. files（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11). A. model B. pattern C. frame D. formula（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12). A. emphasis B. assertion C. explanation D. assumption（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13). A. de
10、scription B. manipulation C. regulation D. coordination（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14). A. instincts B. feelings C. sensations D. experiences（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15). A. impressions B. beliefs C. minds D. insights（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16). A. In all senses B. In some cases C. In other words D. In all aspects（分数：0.50
11、）A.B.C.D.(17). A. influence B. maintenance C. existence D. experiences（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18). A. taken B. utilized C. applied D. spent（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19). A. habitual B. verbal C. unique D. particular（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20). A. permanent B. mental C. spiritual D. conscious（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、BSection
12、Readi(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、BPart A/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、BText 1/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)September 11th 2001 drew the transatlantic alliance together; but the mood did not last, and over the five years since it has pulled ever further apart. A recent poll for the German Marshall Fund shows that 57% of Europeans reg
13、ard American leadership in world affairs as “undesirable“. The Iraq war is mainly to blame. But there is another and more. intractable reason for the growing division: God.Europeans worry that American foreign policy under George Bush is too influenced by religion. The “holy warriors“ who hijacked t
14、he planes on September 11th reintroduced God into international affairs in the most dramatic of ways. It seems that George Bush is replying in kind, encouraging a clash of religions that could spell global catastrophe.Dominique Moisi, a special adviser at the French Institute for International Relat
15、ions, argues that “the combination of religion and nationalism in America is frightening. We feel betrayed by God and by nationalism, which is why we are building the European Union as a barrier to religious warfare.“ Josef Braml, of the German Institute for International and Security Affairs, compl
16、ains that in America “religious attitudes have more of an influence on political choices than in any other western democracy.“The notion that America is too influenced by religion is not confined to the elites. Three in five French people and nearly as many Dutch think that Americans are too religio
17、us-and that religion skews what should be secular decisions. Europeans who think that America is “too religious“ are more inclined to anti-Americanism than their fellow countrymen. 38% of Britons have an unfavourable view of America, but that number rises to 50% among people who are wary of American
18、 religiosity.Is America engaged in a faith-based foreign policy? Religion certainly exerts a growing influence on its actions in the world, but in ways more subtle and complicated than Europeans imagine. It is true that America is undergoing a religious revival. “Hot“ religions such as evangelical P
19、rotestantism and hardline Catholicism are growing rapidly while “cool“ mainline versions of Christianity are declining. It is also true that the Republican Party, is being reshaped by this revival. Self-identified evangelicals provided almost 40% of Mr. Bushes vote in 2004; if you add in other theol
20、ogical conservatives, such as Mormons and traditional Catholics, that number rises closer to 60%. All six top Republican leaders in the Senate have earned 100K ratings from the Christian Coalition.It is also true that Mr. Bush frequently uses religious rhetoric when talking of foreign affairs. On Se
21、ptember 12th he was at it again, telling a group of conservative journalists that he sees the war on terror as “a confrontation between good and evil“, and remarking, “It seems to me that theres a Third Awakening“ (in other words, an outbreak of Christian evangelical fervour, of the sort that has sw
22、ept across America at least twice before). And Christian America overall is taking a bigger interest in foreign policy. New voices are being heard, such as Sam Brownback, a conservative senator from Kansas who has led the fight against genocide in Darfur, and Rick Warren, the author of a bestseller
23、called “The Purpose-Driven Life“, who is sending 2,000 missionaries to Rwanda.Finally, it is true that religious figures have done some pretty outrageous things. Pat Robertson called for the assassination of Hugo Ch vez, the president of Venezuela. Lieutenant-General William “Jerry“ Boykin, deputy u
24、nder-secretary of defence for intelligence, toured the country telling Christian groups that radical Muslims hate America “because were a Christian nation and the enemy is a guy named Satan“. He often wore uniform.（分数：10.00）(1).The increasing transatlantic schism, according to the text, results from
25、 _. A. terrorist attacks B. American reliance on deity C. intractable reason D. multiple factors（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The phrase “in kind“ in the last sentence of the second paragraph most probably denotes _. A. “with something tender“ B. “with kindness“ C. “out of charity impulse“ D. “with something
26、 similar“（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The view mentioned in the third paragraph at least prevail among _. A. the European Union B. the religious establishment C. the special adviser D. the elites（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).With which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree? A. Americas
27、 foreign policy seems strongly influenced by religion. But that influence is much more complex than its critics suppose. B. In the world of good and evil American foreign policy is bound to be fruitless. C. The growing disparity which is created by God has been existing. But the gulf of the transatl
28、antic alliance will be bridged. D. Religious figures have made some pretty outrageous things that could be compromised by means non-violent means.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The author evidences his own notion by advancing _. A. four facts B. far-fetched pretexts C. random hypothesis D. powerful preachers（
29、分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、BText 2/B(总题数：1，分数：4.00)The World Wide Web has been steadily creating a widespread surge in social capital through E-mail conversations, chat rooms, newsgroups, and e-zones. These ongoing connections are not an underground phenomenon, but a mainstream movement that is rapidly overw
30、helming traditional business models, according to the authors of another recent book, The Cluetrain Manifesto.“Our longing for the Web is rooted in the deep resentment we feel towards being managed,“ writes co-author David Weinberger, a columnist and commentator on the Webs effect on business. The C
31、luetrain Manifesto argues that knowledge workers are finding it intolerable that their employers require them to speak in artificial “business voices“. The Web has become the ideal alternative: a public place where people can converse in their “authentic voices“, outside of an organizations official
32、 communications channel.Some of the social capital generated by these independent Web conversations is being used by its creators to circumvent the authority of corporations. For example, a car owner who thinks he was overcharged for service to his vehicle posts an inquiry to a newsgroup for people
33、who own the same model of ear. Group members respond with their advice and personal experiences of getting their own cars serviced. The newsgroup is not owned or controlled by the car company. In fact, a mechanic employed by the car company participates in the conversation, offering his knowledge of
34、 what charges are reasonable and how company policies vary from dealer to dealer, and even suggesting which dealerships offer the best service.According to co-author Rick Levine, tile mechanic “was speaking for his company in a new way: honestly, openly, probably without his bosss explicit sanction.
35、“ In effect, an employee of the company independently joined a network of consumers to directly help satisfy a customer. “Companies need to harness this sort of caring and let itsviral enthusiasm be communicated in employees own voices,“ writes Levine, former Web Architect for Sun Microsystems Java
36、Software group.As more and more people work online and form Web relationships, shared knowledge could become increasingly personal in cyberspace. Whether business joins in the conversations or not, it seems likely that this fast-growing strain of social capital will remain valuable for those who hel
37、p to create it.（分数：4.00）(1).The word “overwhelming“ (Line 3, Paragraph 1 ) probably means A. helping with. B. creating by. C. substituting for. D. arising from.（分数：0.80）A.B.C.D.(2).Employees like on-line conversation during the business because A. they will not be managed and directed by others. B.
38、they call speak whatever they want. C. they are free to choose their own business partner. D. they can have a person-to-person communication. （分数：0.80）A.B.C.D.(3).Employees with on-line relationships can benefit the company because A. they can offer help to customers as friends. B. they ale good at
39、disguising their real purpose. C. they know how to deceive their on-line friends. D. they can make more selling through their on-line relations. （分数：0.80）A.B.C.D.(4).It can be inferred from the passage that tile company A. actually can make use of the personal on-line relationships. B. breaks the mo
40、rals ill using personal on-line relationships. C. is forced to use the on-line communication. D. requires its employees to build on-line relationships. （分数：0.80）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the passage, what does social capital refer to? A. Personal relationships. B. Web-relationships. C. Corporate rela
41、tionships. D. Business relationships. （分数：0.80）A.B.C.D.六、BText 3/B(总题数：1，分数：4.00)The oceans are the main source of humidity, but plants also pour moisture into the air. In one day, a five - acre forest can release 20, 000 gallons of water, enough to fill an average swimming, pool. A dryer extracts m
42、oisture from wet clothes, adding to humidity. Even breathing contributes to this sticky business. Every time we exhale, we expel nearly one pint of moist air into the atmosphere.Using sophisticated measuring devices, science is learning more and more about the far - reaching and often surprising imp
43、act humidity has on all of us.Two summers ago angry callers phoned American Television and Communications Corp. s cable - TV operation in northeastern Wisconsin, complaining about fuzzy pictures and poor reception. “What happened,“ said the chief engineer, “was that the humidity was interfering with
44、 our signals. “When a blast of dry air invaded the state, the number of complaints dropped sharply.Humidity plays hob with our mechanical world as well. Water condensation on the playing beads and tapes of videocassette recorders produces a streaky picture. Humidity shortens the life of flashlight a
45、nd smoke - detector batteries. When the weather gets sticky, the rubber belts that power the fan, air conditioner and alternator under the hood of our cars can get wet and squeak.Moisture also causes pianos to go out of tune, often in no time flat. At the Wolf Trap Farm Park for the Performing Arts
46、in Vienna, Va. , pianos are tuned twice a day during the summer concert season. Often a tuner stands in the wings, ready to make emergency adjustments during performances.Humidity speeds the deterioration of treasured family photos and warps priceless antiques. Your home s wooden support beams, door
47、s and window framers absorb extra moisture and expand - swelling up to three percent depending on the wood, its grain and the setting.Too much moisture promotes blight that attacks potato and green - bean crops-adding to food costs. It also causes rust in wheat, which can affect grain- product prices.Humidity affects our health, as well. We get more migraine headaches, ulcer attacks, blood clots and skin rashes in hot, humid weather. Since 1987, the Health, Weight and Stress Clinic at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore has tested over 1700 patients for responses to hig
