1、考研英语-346 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)When a country is under-populated, newcomers are not competitors, but assistants. If more come they may produce not only new quotas, but a (1) as well. In such a state of things land is (2) and cheap. The possession of it (3) no
2、 power or privilege. No one will work for another for wages (4) he can take up new land and be his own master. Hence it will pay no one to own more land than he can (5) by his own labor, or with such aid as his own family (6) . Hence, again, land (7) little or no rent; there will be no landlords liv
3、ing on rent and no laborers living on (8) , but only a middle class of yeoman farmers(自耕农). All are (9) on an equality, and democracy becomes the political form, because this is the only state of society in which equality, on which democracy is (10) , is realized as a fact. The same effects are powe
4、rfully (11) by other facts. In a new and under-populated country the industries which are most profitable are the extractive industries. The (12) of these, with the exception of some kinds of mining, is that they call (13) only a low organization of labor and small amount of capital. Hence they allo
5、w the workman to become (14) his own master, and they educate him to freedom, independence, and self (15) . At the same time, the social groups being only (16) marked off from each other, it is easy to (17) from one class of occupations, and consequently from one social grade, to another. Finally, u
6、nder the same circumstances, education, skill, and superior training have but inferior value compared with what they have in (18) populated countries. The (19) lie in an under-populated country, with the (20) , unskilled, manual occupations, and not with the highest developments of science, literatu
7、re, and art.（分数：10.00）A.surplusB.plusC.remainsD.remainderA.scarceB.sacredC.abundantD.extractiveA.infersB.defersC.confersD.refersA.butB.whenC.whileD.soA.cultivateB.culminateC.calculateD.conceiveA.requestsB.deploysC.impliesD.suppliesA.fostersB.promotesC.bearsD.contributesA.wagesB.salariesC.rewardsD.aw
8、ardsA.intentionallyB.potentiallyC.substantiallyD.consistentlyA.fertilizedB.basedC.drawnD.guaranteedA.influencedB.checkedC.reshapedD.reinforcedA.featureB.characteristicC.essenceD.fundamentalA.offB.onC.toD.forA.speedilyB.merrilyC.unfortunatelyD.amusinglyA.autonomyB.regulationC.independenceD.relianceA.
9、obviouslyB.vaguelyC.positivelyD.apparentlyA.transferB.transformC.transmitD.transportA.sporadicallyB.denselyC.looselyD.neatlyA.advantagesB.disadvantagesC.gainsD.deficitsA.flexibleB.coarseC.presentableD.masculine二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Remember
10、 the days when companies such as Microsoft and Mc-Kinsey took immense satisfaction from subjecting job candidates to mind-crunching strategy sessions? If you thought that was rough, imagine an interview in which no amount of research or questioning of insiders will help. Imagine instead that all you
11、 can do is have a healthy breakfast, pick out your nicest suit, and hope for the best. In the new interview, theyre not just testing what you know. Theyre also testing who you are.Its called the situational interview, and its quickly becoming a must in the job-seeking world. In the post-Enron cultur
12、e of caution, corporations are focusing on an obvious insight: that a gold-plated resume and winning personality are about as accurate in determining job performance as Wall Street analysts are in picking stocks. Now, with shareholder scrutiny, hiring slowdowns, and expense-reducing, no manager can
13、afford to hire the wrong person. Hundreds of companies are switching to the new methods. Whereas the conventional interview has been found to be only 7% accurate in predicting job performance, situational interviews deliver a rating of 54%the most of any interviewing tool.The situational techniques
14、superiority stems from its ability to trip up even the wittiest of interviewees. Of course, every applicant must display a healthy dose of occupational know-how, but behavior and ethical backbone play a big role. For example, a prospective analyst at a Wall Street bank might have to face, say, a cus
15、tomer with an account argument. Its not happening on paper, but in real timewith managers and experts watching nearby. The interviewer plays the role of a fierce customer on the phone, angry about money lost when a trade wasnt executed on time. Its set up as an obvious mistake on the bankers part.In
16、terviewers watch the candidates reactions: how they process the complex account information, their ability to talk the client down, what their body language displays about their own shortcomings, and which words they choose. In this instance, not being honest about the mistake or showing anger or fr
17、ustrationno matter how glowing your resumemeans youre out.Behavioral interviews are also being rounded out by other tools that, until recently, had been reserved for elite hires. Personality-testing outfit Caliper, for example, which probes candidates for emotional-intelligence skills and job abilit
18、y, has seen its business jump 20% this year.Clearly, the new interview isnt without its drawbacks. Companies run the risk of arousing hostility in candidates, who may feel as if some line has been crossed into personal territory. Moreover, sortie companies worry about the fairness of personality tes
19、ts. They have to make sure there are no inherent gender or racial biases in the test.（分数：10.00）(1).In conventional interviews, Microsoft tested applicants by_.（分数：2.00）A.pressing them to solve strategic issuesB.causing them to crack mental problemsC.subjecting them to doing a lot of researchD.making
20、 them worry stiff problems out(2).In the situational interview, job-seekers have to_.（分数：2.00）A.be dressed up in the height of fashionB.be examined in professional experiencesC.demonstrate their personalities and knowledgeD.present elegantly written and polished resumes(3).The new interview is widel
21、y adopted because of its_.（分数：2.00）A.efficiency in selecting the fittest brainsB.insight into the interviewees characterC.accuracy in testing working experienceD.exactness in assessing performing skills(4).The situational interview is superior to the conventional in its_.（分数：2.00）A.capability to cat
22、ch the smartest applicants in misjudgmentsB.possibility to lead the wisest candidates to behavioral mistakesC.technique to make the cleverest interviewees be inaccurateD.function to frustrate the brightest individuals by hard questions(5).The advantages of behavioral interview include all of the fol
23、lowing EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.it helps avoid employing the wrong personnelB.it urges examinees on fully displaying expertiseC.it drives most candidates into feeling enmityD.it stimulates testees to handle real-time problems五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Narrative crept back into art through a side door marked
24、fashion photography. In April 1967, French Vogue published a spread by Bob Richardson, the American photographer, that soon became a legend Informally christened “ the Greek trip “ by Richardsons admirers, the spread featured Donna Mitchell, a striking brunet model, hanging out on the Aegean island
25、of Rhodes with a male companion.Of course, narrative never disappearedit just went to the movies, and stayed, and stayed. But what had caused stories to be exiled from high art? The idea of essence, and the equation of essence with goodness. Can you imagine? Visual art is essentially composed of for
26、m, color, materials. Anything to do with content is extraneous and therefore to be associated with badness; therefore to be eliminated. Moreover, content, says this line of thought, is controlling. This means that a rose is the Virgin Mary (depending on what the meaning of “ is “ is). And art, like
27、society, must be liberated from such hierarchically imposed values. What this argument overlooked, of course, is that narrative is a form in itself, not just a vehicle for content. Indeed, the ideology of formalism originated, in Soviet Russia, with the analysis of old folk tales. Narrative form, th
28、e analysis went, typically proceeds from an initial state of equilibrium through a series of destabilizing episodes, concluding with a heightened state of equilibrium at the end. Think Indiana Jones. You can plug whatever content you want in there as long as it creates the form. Each episode simply
29、has to do with the work of creating disequilibrium.A narrative does not, in other words, tell a story. A story is told to give listeners the pleasure of the narrative form. If you were to isolate the form of disequilibrium from the specifics of plot, you might arrive at something resembling the coll
30、ected work of Cindy Sherman. Initially modeled after movie stills, Shermans pictures are not, of course, abstract. Over the years, in fact, their content has become increasingly elaborate. I see this as a form of generosity as well as a sign of advanced technical skills. Not since Giuseppe Arcimbold
31、o (1527-1593), perhaps, has an artist contrived to turn the human figure into a more bountiful cornucopia for the eye.Yet even the most visually splendid of Shermans images are minimalist, in that they reduce the narrative down to the precise moment when the center of gravity shifts. Perhaps some un
32、heard word is spoken. A floorboard squeaks. From upstairs comes a thump. And a tentative state of equilibrium gives way to anxiety or dread. That moment, too, represents essence. What more do you need to know?（分数：10.00）(1).According to the author, “ narrative “ is to “ story “ what_.（分数：2.00）A.“ pic
33、ture “ is to “ movie still “B.“ goodness “ is to “ badness “C.“ form “ is to “ content “D.“ color “is to “ visual art “(2).People who support the idea of essence most probably agree that_.（分数：2.00）A.narrative is only a vehicle for contentB.art develops with its own valuesC.Virgin Mary can be metapho
34、rized as a roseD.content should be eliminated for its narrative form(3).The authors attitude towards the idea of essence is_.（分数：2.00）A.puzzledB.criticalC.ironicD.objective(4).According to the passage, Sherman is probably_.（分数：2.00）A.a film editorB.a fashion designerC.a movie producerD.a prominent p
35、hotographer(5).We can learn from the last paragraph that_.（分数：2.00）A.a successful film should consist of precise momentsB.a tentative state of equilibrium is superior to anxiety or dreadC.a reduction is necessary to make the narrative efficientD.a proper moment is enough to achieve narrative purpose
36、六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Demand for the most common cosmetic surgery procedures, like breast enlargements and nose jobs, has increased by more than 400 per cent over the last decade. According to Dr. Dai Davies, of the Plastic Surgery Partnership in Hammersmith, the majority of cosmetic surgery patie
37、nts are not chasing physical perfection. Rather, they are driven to fantastic lengths to improve their appearance by a desire to look normal. “ What we all crave is to look normal, and normal is what is prescribed by the advertising media and other external pressures. They give us a perception of wh
38、at is physically acceptable and we feel we must look like that. “In America, the debate is no longer about whether surgery is normal; rather, it centres on what age people should be before going under the knife. New York surgeon Dr. Gerard Imber recommends “ maintenance “ work for people in their th
39、irties. “ The idea of waiting until one needs a heroic transformation is silly, “ he says. “ By then, youve wasted 20 great years of your life and allowed things to get out of hand. “ Dr. Imber draws the line at operating on people who are under 18, however. “ It seems that someone we dont consider
40、old enough to order a drink shouldnt be considering plastic surgery. “In the UK cosmetic surgery has long been seen as the exclusive domain of the very rich and famous. But the proportionate cost of treatment has fallen substantially, bringing all but the most advanced laser technology within the re
41、ach of most people. Dr. Davies, who claims to “ cater for the average person “ , agrees. He says: “ I treat a few of the rich and famous and an awful lot of secretaries. Of course, 3,000 for an operation is a lot of money. But it is also all investment for life which costs about half the price of a
42、good family holiday. “Dr. Davies suspects that the increasing sophistication of the fat injecting and removal techniques that allow patients to be treated with a local anaesthetic in an afternoon has also helped promote the popularity of cosmetic surgery. Yet, as one woman who recently paid 2,500 fo
43、r liposuction to remove cellulite from her thighs admitted, the slope to becoming a cosmetic surgery veteran is a deceptively gentle one. “ I had my legs done because theyd been bugging me for years. But going into the clinic was so low key and effective it whetted my appetite. Now I dont think ther
44、es any operation that I would rule out having if I could afford it. /（分数：10.00）(1).According to the text, the reason for cosmetic surgery is_.（分数：2.00）A.being physically healthyB.looking normalC.investing for lifeD.making the appearance perfect(2).According to Paragraph 3, what Dr. Davies said impli
45、es that_.（分数：2.00）A.cosmetic surgery, though costly, is worth havingB.cosmetic surgery is very expensiveC.cosmetic surgery is necessary even for the average personD.cosmetic surgery is beyond the reach of most people(3).There is a hot debate in America about_.（分数：2.00）A.whether those who are under 1
46、8 need cosmetic surgeryB.whether people should have “ maintenance “ work in their thirtiesC.at what age people should have cosmetic surgeryD.whether cosmetic surgery should cater for the average person(4).According to the text, which of the following statements is TRUE?（分数：2.00）A.It is wise to have
47、cosmetic surgery under 18.B.Cosmetic surgery is now easier and less painful.C.People tend to abuse cosmetic surgery.D.The earlier people have cosmetic surgery, the better they will be.(5).The text is mainly about_.（分数：2.00）A.the advantage of having cosmetic surgeryB.what kind of people should have c
48、osmetic surgeryC.the reason why cosmetic surgery is so popularD.the disadvantage of having cosmetic surgery七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)An official report, addressing concerns about the many implications of genetic testing, outlined policy guidelines and legislative recommendations intended to avoid invo
49、luntary and/or ineffective testing, and to protect confidentiality. The report identified urgent concerns, such as quality control measures (including federal oversight for testing laboratories) and better genetics training for medical practitioners. It recommended voluntary screening, urged couples in high-risk populations to consider carrier screening, and advised caution in using and interpreting pre-symptomatic or predictive tests, because certain information could easily be misused or m
