1、考研英语-326 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)One of the most important results of research into ageing has been to pinpoint the significance of short-term memory. This faculty is easily (1) as ageing advances. What seems to (2) is that information is received by the brain,
2、 (3) scans it for meaning in order to decode it at some future time. It looks as if the actual (4) of the short-term memory itself may not change too much (5) age. A young man and a man in his late fifties may (6) be able to remember and repeat a(n) (7) of eight numbers recited to them. But what (8)
3、 change is that when the older man is asked to remember anything (9) between the time he is first given the numbers to memorise and the time he is asked to (10) them, he will be much less likely to remember the (11) numbers than the young man. This is because the scanning stage is more easily (12) b
4、y other activities in (13) people.In (14) living one experiences this as a fairly minor (15) - a telephone number forgotten while one looks (16) an area code, or the first part of (17) street directions confused with the last because the last turn lefts and turn rights have interfered (18) rememberi
5、ng the first directions. In more formal learning, however, the (19) of short-term memory is more than just a mild social embarrassment. It can be a serious bar to further (20) or indeed to any progress at all.（分数：10.00）A.discoveredB.strengthenedC.displayedD.disturbedA.happenB.existC.workD.doA.asB.th
6、atC.whichD.whatA.performanceB.capacityC.actionD.activityA.forB.withC.overD.underA.neitherB.noneC.eitherD.bothA.averageB.percentageC.amountD.proportionA.willB.wouldC.doesD.didA.elseB.moreC.particularD.specialA.decodeB.explainC.produceD.repeatA.difficultB.differentC.originalD.previousA.finishedB.compl
7、etedC.disruptedD.eruptedA.youngerB.olderC.mostD.commonA.dailyB.ordinaryC.normalD.usualA.offenceB.irritationC.distressD.disgraceA.upB.forC.atD.overA.inconvenientB.inadequateC.conventionalD.complicatedA.byB.withC.forD.overA.collapseB.absenceC.lackD.decayA.attainmentB.acquisitionC.learningD.reaching二、S
8、ection Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The Japanese government wants women like Taeko Mizuguchi to get married and start doing something about the nations plunging birthrate. But shes not interested. At least, not if her prospective husband is Japanese.A growi
9、ng number of Japanese women are giving up on their male counterparts, and taking a gamble that looking abroad for love will bring them the qualities in a partner that seem rare at home. “They treat you like equals, and they dont hesitate to express mutual feelings of respect - I think Western men ar
10、e more adept at such things than Japanese men,“ says the 36-year-old Ms. Miznguchi, who works at a top trading firm. “They dont act like women are maids - I think they view women as individuals.“Underscoring that Japanese women are losing hope with the local boys, dating agencies to help snag a West
11、ern husband have sprung up in Tokyo, some with branches in the US and Europe. Such companies rigorously vet their clients, screening for education, family background, occupation, and life goals. The kind of women who sign up for such services include doctors, lawyers, and other professionals - women
12、 who have delayed marriage to concentrate on careers and who arent keen to give up hard won gains to become a housewife, as many Japanese men expect. A generation of women who are now entering their 30s dont want to give up single life unless prospective partners are willing to break from traditiona
13、l gender roles.Government polls conducted to find out why women have put off marriage until well after 25 years of age - known as a womans “best before date“ - show that economic independence is key to the change. As most Japanese women have their own income, marriage is no longer a financial necess
14、ity and women want to find companionship in a husband. Having ruled out an old-fashioned Japanese husband, many women here think the solution is a Western man. Indeed, some seem so enthralled with the idea that they are willing to spend thousands of dollars to inspect the wares personally.To be fair
15、, not all the blame for female angst here can be laid on Japanese men. The government has been slow to enforce equal opportunity laws, and both pay and the glass ceiling in most Japanese corporations remain low for women. Recession has hampered longer maternity leave and other family-friendly polici
16、es. As Japans fertility rate drops to new lows, the government is anxiously drawing up plans to make it easier for young couples to raise children, through such measures as the provision of cheap public housing.（分数：10.00）(1).Taeko Mizuguchi represents the kind of women who are（分数：2.00）A.unwilling to
17、 rear children.B.discontented with the traditional idea.C.eager to marry a western man for romance.D.enthusiastic only in career pursuing.(2).In Japanese womens opinion, their male counterparts（分数：2.00）A.axe in lack of sentiments.B.do not treat them as women.C.are swayed by orthodox conceptions.D.do
18、nt know how to express themselves.(3).By “glass ceiling . remain low for women“, the author intends to show that in most corporations（分数：2.00）A.more conveniences are provided for females.B.females have little chance for promotion.C.women work in poor office conditions.D.women are always the victims
19、of recession.(4).We can infer from the third paragraph that the dating agency（分数：2.00）A.is supported by government to help raise birthrate.B.serves only for certain circle of women.C.is the last hope for modern Japanese women.D.receives a warm welcome from western men.(5).The major factor that leads
20、 Japanese women to postpone their marriage is（分数：2.00）A.the influence of western values.B.the improvement of economic status.C.the lack of equal opportunity laws.D.the obsoleteness of “best before date“.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Teachers grumble over pay everywhere, but in West Virginia Wesleyan Colle
21、ge the anger is acute. Salaries here have barely moved since 2000, and the average assistant professors pay has fallen below that at Southern West Virginia Community and Technical College. On a campus with just 86 full-time faculty, a sociology professor said, a few hundred thousand dollars more spe
22、nt on teaching could make a real difference.Wesleyan President William Haden says the college plans to raise faculty pay. But he says Wesleyan is nothing without students - “they vote with their feet“ - and the college has no choice but to address their wants and needs. He says technology has been a
23、 big part of that, and some recent graduates agree that its valuable - though maybe not essential. Daniel Simmons, a 1999 graduate and also a middle-school teacher, praised the technology program. “If I had gone to another school it wouldnt have been available to me,“ he said. “It was very convenien
24、t and it was top of the line.“But as with the faculty, the quality of human instructors is a big concern among Wesleyan alumni. “A little bit more money should have been put into keeping people,“ said Evan Keeling, a 2002 graduate now pursuing a doctorate at the University of Virginia. He found the
25、quality in the classroom uneven, and, notably, neither he nor the Daniel Simmons came to Wesleyan because of technology. The program was a bonus, not the primary draw. Skinner, the director of admission and financial planning, acknowledged that seems widely true. Prospective students pay more attent
26、ion to more tangible signs of growth. “It did open some doors for us, but would I have liked to have had a new residence hall or recreational facility? I probably would have preferred that,“ Skinner said. His daily. struggle remains filling the freshman class, which may be down 50 people or more thi
27、s year, due to changes in government financial aid programs and the shuttering of the nursing program. The college still accepts about 80 percent of its applicants, and no longer requires online applications.Haden acknowledges that, with the benefit of hindsight, he might have handled details of how
28、 the program was financed differently. But he makes no apologies for taking bold steps which he says have indeed set Wesleyan apart. “We needed to make a statement about our commitment to technology and our belief that it would enhance the quality of education and the preparation of our students,“ h
29、e said. “And Im still believing that./（分数：10.00）(1).Faculties in Wesleyan have lower salaries mainly because the college（分数：2.00）A.invests too much in the technology program.B.spends a great deal in achieving tangible growth.C.fails to attract enough students to fill its classrooms.D.cannot get enou
30、gh government financial aid.(2).By “they vote with their feet“ (Line 2, Paragraph 2), the author means that the students（分数：2.00）A.vote in their president on their own part.B.play-a decisive role in electing their president.C.may not enroll in Wesleyan for the discontent with the college.D.may refus
31、e to pay the tuition for their unmeetable demands.(3).The quotation of Skinners words(Lines 7-8, Paragraph 3) is used to show that（分数：2.00）A.Wesleyan needs to improve its aging school facilities.B.the technology program is not so attractive to the students.C.foresighted students concern more about o
32、bvious growth.D.Skinner prefers to excellent facilities in Wesleyan.(4).According to the passage, which of the following is true?（分数：2.00）A.It is the teachers needs rather than the students that really count in Wesleyan.B.The technology program provides scholarship for high ability freshmen.C.The ca
33、ncel of the nursing program hinders Wesleyan from recruiting students.D.Online applications are still required if students want to enter Wesleyan.(5).What is Hadens attitude towards the technology program?（分数：2.00）A.Confident.B.Proud.C.Regretful.D.Doubtful.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Search engine Googl
34、e was aiming to float on Wall Street this week, valued at up to $ 36 billion. But the Internet companys advisers are meeting this weekend to discuss possibly delaying the public listing after a sharp fall in share prices in New York on Friday. An insider said last night: “The float is teetering on t
35、he brink - it really is 50/50 at this stage, although many of us are optimistic.“ The initial public offering (IPO) of shares in Google, which could raise nearly $ 4bn, will amount to one of the biggest IPOs for years. But many US firms have shelved their IPOs amid volatile market conditions and inv
36、estors appear unwilling to subscribe to new equity. A Wall Street analyst said that the Google IPO “would be a seminal event for the American stock market“ as its real significance was that it would test whether or not the recovery in equity prices since the end of the Iraq war had taken hold. “If t
37、his float works, a lot of other companies will be encouraged and come to the market later in the year,“ the insider added. “But it will be bad news if the IPO is pulled or the shares fall sharply after the company is listed. If that happens, it could kill off the IPO market in America and elsewhere
38、for at least 12 months.“Several fund managers have already expressed reservations about Google, in particular its high valuation and the complex way the shares are being sold. Moreover, the Google flotation is taking place at a time when technology companies in the US have been shunned. On Thursday,
39、 the IPO hit a technical hitch over the failure of the company to meet its legal obligations concerning its employees stock option plans. But the company did not think that the disclosure would mean a delay to the IPO, which is due on Tuesday. At the top of the suggested price range, Google would be
40、 valued not far short of its rival Internet firm Yahoo! - and this has raised eyebrows within the industry. The auction is being conducted over the Internet, and potential buyers will have to register by signing on to a Google website. But only investors who have brokerage accounts with one of the 2
41、8 US banks and brokers underwriting the stock sale, will be able to apply. Google suffered a setback last month after it re- ported an unexpected slowdown in its huge growth rate. But sources close to Googles founders, Larry Page and Sergey Brin, said that the tailing-off of growth was due to season
42、al factors and would not affect the IPO.（分数：10.00）(1).According to paragraph 1, the insiders attitude towards Google IPO can be said to be（分数：2.00）A.doubtful.B.confused.C.pessimistic.D.confident.(2).If Giggle IPO works,（分数：2.00）A.a recovery in equity prices will end.B.the IPO market will be propelle
43、d by it.C.many U.S. firms will purchase new equity.D.a sustained economic growth will take place.(3).According to the passage, Googles IPO is to share market recovery as（分数：2.00）A.physical examination is to health conditions.B.GDP is to economic development.C.diligence is to remarkable success.D.civ
44、ilization is to social prosperity.(4).The fund managers had doubts about Google because of the following reasons EXCEPT（分数：2.00）A.its high share valuation.B.the unfavorable timing.C.its method of share selling.D.the comedown of its growth rate.(5).By the phrase “raised eyebrows within the industry“
45、(Line 7, Paragraph 2), we can learn that Google has（分数：2.00）A.irritated its rivals.B.surprised its counterpartsC.been praised by its counterparts.D.been resented by its rivals.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The entertainment industry and technology companies have been warring for years over the dazzling ab
46、ility of computers and the Internet to copy and transmit music and movies.A crucial battle ended this week with a ruling by Americas Supreme Court in favour of copyright holder and against two companies that distribute peer-to-peer (P2P) software, which lets users share files online with others. The
47、 courts decision, though ostensibly a victory for content providers, is nevertheless unlikely to stamp out file sharing - much of which will continue from outside America - or stop the technological innovation that is threatening the current business models of media firms.The court was asked to deci
48、de whether two firms, Grokster and StreamCast, were liable for copyright infringement by their customers. Two lower courts had said that the firms were not liable, citing a 1984 ruling in favour of Sonys Betamax video recorder. This held that a technology firm is immune from liability so long as the
49、 device concerned is “capable of substantial noninfringing uses“. The court did not reinterpret the 1984 decision in light of the Internet. Instead the justices ruled that the case raised a far narrower issue: whether Grokster and StreamCast induced users to violate copyrights and chose not to take the simple steps available to prevent it. Such behaviour would make the firms clearly liable for copyright infringement and end their immunity, even under the Betamax standard. The court reasoned that there were sufficient grounds to believe that
