1、考研英语-324 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Generally speaking, a British is widely regarded as a quiet, shy and conservative person who is (1) only among those with whom he is acquainted. When a stranger is at present, he often seems nervous, even (2) . You have to take
2、a commuter train any morning or evening to (3) the truth of this.Serious-looking businessmen and women sit reading their newspapers or dozing in a corner; hardly anybody talks, since to do so would be considered quite (4) .(5) , there is an unwritten but clearly understood code of behavior which, on
3、ce broken, makes the offender immediately the object of (6) .It has been known as a fact that a British has a (7) for the discussion of their weather and that, if given a chance, he will talk about it (8) .Some people argue that it is because the British weather seldom (9) forecast and hence becomes
4、 a source of interest and (10) to everyone.This may be so. (11) a British cannot have much (12) in the weathermen, who, after promising fine, sunny weather for the following day, are often proved wrong (13) a cloud over the Atlantic brings rainy weather to all districts! The man in the street seems
5、to be as accurate or as inaccurate as the weathermen in his (14) .Foreigners may be surprised at the number of references (15) weather that the British (16) to each other in the course of a single day. Very often conversational greetings are (17) by comments on the weather. “Nice day, isnt it?” “Bea
6、utiful!” may well be heard instead of “Good morning, how are you?” Although the foreigner may consider this exaggerated and comic, it is (18) .pointing out that it could be used to his advantage. If he wants to start a conversation with a British but is at a loss to know (19) to begin, he could do w
7、ell to mention the state of the weather. It is a safe subject which will (20) an answer from even the most reserved of the British.（分数：10.00）A.relaxedB.frustratedC.amusedD.exhaustedA.reservedB.urgentC.embarrassedD.anxiousA.experienceB.witnessC.watchD.undergoA.impoliteB.defensiveC.deliberateD.offensi
8、veA.DeliberatelyB.ApparentlyC.FrequentlyD.ConsequentlyA.compassionB.oppositionC.criticismD.assaultA.emotionB.fancyC.likelinessD.judgmentA.at lengthB.to a great extentC.from his heartD.by all meansA.followsB.obeysC.defiesD.supportsA.dedicationB.suspicionC.contemplationD.speculationA.UsuallyB.Generall
9、yC.CertainlyD.FundamentallyA.faithB.hopeC.honorD.creditA.sinceB.onceC.whenD.whileA.propositionsB.predictionsC.proposalD.prophecyA.aboutB.onC.inD.toA.takeB.forecastC.makeD.predictA.startedB.replacedC.conductedD.proposedA.reasonableB.usefulC.worthwhileD.meaningfulA.whereB.howC.whatD.whichA.stimulateB.
10、constituteC.furnishD.provoke二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Every living thing has an inner biological clock that controls behavior. The clock works all the time; even when there are no outside signs to mark the passing of time. The biological clock
11、tells plants when to form flowers and when the flowers should open. It tells insects when to leave the protective cocoon and fly away. And it tells animals when to eat, sleep and wake. It controls body temperature, the release of some hormones and even dreams. These natural daily events are circadia
12、n rhythms.Man has known about them for thousands of years. But the first scientific observation of circadian rhythms was not made until 1729. In that year a French astronomer, Jean Jacques dOrtous de Mairan, noted that one of his plants opened its leaves at the same time every morning, and closed th
13、em at the same time every night. The plant did this even when he kept it in a dark place all the time.Later scientists wondered about circadian rhythms in humans. They learned that mans biological clock actually keeps time with a day of a little less than 25 hours instead of the 24 hours on a man-ma
14、de clock.About four years ago an American doctor, Eliot Weitzman, established a laboratory to study how our biological clock works. The people in his experiments are shut off from the outside world. They are free to listen to and live by their circadian rhythms. Dr. Weitzman hopes his research will
15、lead to effective treatments for common sleep problems and sleep disorders caused by ageing and mental illness.The laboratory is in the Montefiore Hospital in New York City. It has two living areas with three small rooms in each. The windows are covered, so no sunlight or moonlight comes in. There a
16、re no radios or television receivers. There is a control room between the living areas. It contains computers, one-way cameras and other electronic devices for observing the person in the living area. A doctor or medical technician is on duty in the control room 24 hours a day during an experiment.
17、They do not work the same time each day and are not permitted to wear watches, so the person in the experiment has no idea what time it is.In the first four years of research, Dr. Weitzman and his assistant have observed 16 men between the ages of 21 and 80. The men remained in the laboratory for as
18、 long as six months. Last month, a science reporter for “The New York Times” newspaper, Dava Sobel, became the first woman to take part in the experiment. She entered the laboratory on June 13th and stayed for 25 days. Miss Sobel wrote reports about the experiment during that time, which were publis
19、hed in the newspaper.（分数：10.00）(1).We can conclude from the first paragraph that（分数：2.00）A.every creature has an inner biological clock.B.the biological clock works day and night.C.the biological clock has circadian rhythms.D.the biological clock regulates behavior of creatures.(2).In his observatio
20、n, the French astronomer noticed that the leaves of a certain plant maintained its opening-and-closing cycles（分数：2.00）A.even when it was put in a murky place all day.B.even if it was placed in the moonlight.C.even when he was observing it from a dark place.D.even if it was kept in a dark place from
21、time to time.(3).The sentence “They are free to listen to and live by their circadian rhythms.” (Line 2-3, Para. 4) probably means（分数：2.00）A.they can live by their biological clocks without referring to man-made ones.B.they can listen to rhythms of biological clocks and live close to them.C.they can
22、 live their lives by regulating their own circadian rhythms.D.they are free from the annoying rhythms of everyday life.(4).In the experiment conducted by Dr. Weitzman, the doctor on duty doesnt work the same time each day（分数：2.00）A.so as not to be recognized by the people.B.so as not to indicate the
23、 time to the people when starting work.C.so as to leave the rhythms of the people in disorder.D.so as to observe the abnormal behavior of the people at different times.(5).The first woman who took part in the experiment（分数：2.00）A.was interviewed by “The New York Times”.B.remained in the laboratory t
24、ill June 25th.C.published some articles on the experiment.D.found out how the biological clock works.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In almost all cases the soft parts of fossils are gone for ever but they were fitted around or within the hard parts. Many of them also were attached to the hard parts and usu
25、ally such attachments are visible as depressed or elevated areas, ridges or grooves, smooth or rough patches on the hard parts. The muscles most important for the activities of the animal and most evident in the appearance of the living animal are those attached to the hard parts and possible to rec
26、onstruct from their attachments. Much can be learned about a vanished brain from the inside of the skull in which it was lodged.Restoration of the external appearance of an extinct animal has little or no scientific value. It does not even help in inferring what the activities of the living animal w
27、ere, how fast it could run, what its food was, or such other conclusions as are important for the history of life. However, what most people want to know about extinct animals is what they looked like when they were alive. Scientists also would like to know. Things like fossil shells present no grea
28、t problem as a rule, because the hard parts are external when the animal is alive and the outer appearance is actually preserved in the fossils.Animals in which the skeleton is internal present great problems of restoration, and honest restorers admit that they often have to use considerable guessin
29、g. The general shape and contours of the body are fixed by the skeleton and by muscles attached to the skeleton, but surface features, which may give the animal its really characteristic look, are seldom restorable with any real probability of accuracy. The present often helps to interpret the past.
30、 An extinct animal presumably looked more or less like its living relatives, if it has any. This, however, may be quite equivocal. For example, extinct members of the horse family are usually restored to look somewhat like the most familiar living horses domestic horses and their closest wild relati
31、ves. It is, however, possible and even probable that many extinct horses were striped like zebras. If lions and tigers were extinct they would be restored to look exactly alike. No living elephants have much hair and mammoths, which are extinct elephants, would doubtless be restored as hairless if w
32、e did not happen to know that they had thick, woolly coats. We know this only because mammoths are so recently extinct that prehistoric men drew pictures of them and that the hide and hair have actually been found in a few specimens. For older extinct animals we have no such clues.（分数：10.00）(1).Acco
33、rding to the passage, the soft part of fossilized animals（分数：2.00）A.can always be accurately identified.B.have usually left some traces.C.can usually be reconstructed.D.have always vanished without any trace.(2).The muscles of a fossilized animal can sometimes be reconstructed because（分数：2.00）A.they
34、 were preserved with the present relatives of the animal.B.they were lodged inside the animals skull.C.they were hardened parts of the animals body.D.they were attached to the animals skeleton.(3).A fossilized animals external appearance is still reconstructed to（分数：2.00）A.satisfy popular curiosity.
35、B.answer scientific questions.C.establish its activities.D.determine its eating habits.(4).The word “equivocal” (Line 6, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to（分数：2.00）A.equally important.B.definable.C.equally doubtful.D.deliberate.(5).According to the third paragraph, which of the following is true?（分数：
36、2.00）A.A fossilized animals appearance is usually restored accurately.B.It is difficult to restore some fossilized animals because they had no external parts.C.The prehistoric elephants are hairless.D.An extinct animal does not definitely looked like its living relatives.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Fate
37、 has not been kind to the western grey whale. Its numbers have dwindled to 130 or so, leaving it “critically endangered” in the eyes of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature. Fishing-nets, speeding ships, pollution and coastal development threaten the few that remain. Most recently,
38、 drilling for oil and gas in their main summer feeding grounds, near Sakhalin island off Russias Pacific coast, has brought fresh risks for the luckless creatures. Yet the rush to develop Sakhalins offshore fields may yet be the saviour of the species.When drilling was first discussed in the 1990s,
39、there were muted complaints. When a consortium called Sakhalin. Energy, led by Royal Dutch Shell, announced plans to build an oil platform and lay pipelines in the only bay where the whales were known to congregate, these protests proliferated.In response, the consortium established an independent p
40、anel to advise it on how best to protect the whales and promised to fund its work. It subsequently agreed to change the route of the pipeline at the panels suggestion, although it refused to move the platform, as other critics had demanded. It also agreed either to follow the panels recommendations
41、in future or to explain publicly why it was rejecting them.The platforms and pipelines are now complete. Sakhalin Energy exported its first cargo of liquefied natural gas last week. The project, says Shell, is an engineering triumph and a commercial success despite all the controversy.But has it bee
42、n a success for the whales? Sakhalin Energy says their number seems to be growing by 2.5% a year, although Ian Craig, the firms boss, admits that the cause might be greater scrutiny rather than population growth. The scientists on the panel still seem worried. They complain that the firm has not alw
43、ays provided the information they need to assess the threat to the whales. It also has not always followed advice, the scientists advice about how noisy construction might scare the animals away, for example, or the speed that boats should travel to minimize the risk of hitting the whales. The scien
44、tists warn that the loss of just a few fertile females would be enough to tip the population into irrevocable decline. Last summer, there seemed to be far fewer whales around than normal.On the other hand, the panel knows this only because Sakhalin Energy funds lots of research on the whales. As a r
45、esult, it has discovered that they have a wider range than originally thought, which might explain why so few of them showed up off Sakhalin island last year.Therefore, it is hard to escape the conclusion that, for creatures with a lot as sorry as the western grey whale, a nearby oil project is some
46、thing of a blessing.（分数：10.00）(1).Why are Sakhalins offshore oil and gas projects regarded as risks for the western grey whale?（分数：2.00）A.Because they instantly endanger the animals summer habitat.B.Because drilling for oil and gas may cause new pollution to the sea.C.Because they need more ships wh
47、ich are dangers to the animal.D.Because offshore development may result in more harm.(2).To ease the protest against its projects, Sakhalin Energy（分数：2.00）A.moved its platform from the bay where the whales congregate.B.established a panel to be in charge of its public relationship.C.rejected its pro
48、gram near Sakhalins offshore.D.organized some experts to study and protect the whales.(3).Sakhalin Energy supports the panels work（分数：2.00）A.unconditionally.B.enthusiastically.C.half heartedly.D.earnestly.(4).Scientists are sure that（分数：2.00）A.the number of the whales is rising slowly by a small per
49、centage.B.greater scrutiny of the whale population explains the growing number.C.the whales are in an irrevocable decline despite all their efforts.D.the whales have other summer habitats besides Sakhalins offshore.(5).An appropriate title for the passage is most likely to be（分数：2.00）A.More Efforts Needed to Protect the Endangered Whales.B.The Environmental Risks and Rewards of Offshore Oil.C.The Already Endangered Whales Still in Danger.D.More Offshore Oil Projects, More Chances for Whales.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)“Two centuries ago, Meriwether Lewis and William C
