1、考研英语-321 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Beyond question, Clinton was supposed to close up, stay out of sight, and avoid second- guessing his wifes boss. After his ego blustered into oncoming traffic during Hillarys heated primary race (1) Obama, the nation suffered fr
2、om yet another turn of Clinton fatigue.(2) this week Bill Clinton showed an instinct for robust, inclusive leadership that the (3) White House occupant could make good use of right for the time being. With President Obama struggling to (4) the political damage from the Gulf oil spill, Clinton not on
3、ly cant help himselfhes worth being listened.The conventional-wisdom (5) on President Obamas early reaction to the spill was (6) he didnt emote enough. He didnt feel the (7) of all those people in the crisis whose livelihood would be destroyed, whose clean waters and wildlife would be (8) in black g
4、unk.Clinton considers this is an unfair (9) but offers a differentand more pointed lesson to his young successor. “I think we ought to (10) in the same boat for a while. Lets just (11) the problem, and then we can hold everybody responsible and emote or not emote, “ Clinton conversed (12) CNN Anchor
5、 Wolf Blitzer.Obamas first (13) after the oil spill was to “feel the blame“ rather than “feel the pain, “ which are pretty sarcastic words as it were. No one intends to let British Petroleum (BP) management (14) the hookfor dangerously cutting corners, and for a (15) safety record. However, the Pres
6、idents (16) focus on scolding BP consumed (17) White House energy while the oil gushed.Great leaders dont rush to criticise; Instead they instinctively (18) solutions. Rudy Giuliani, who didnt stop to blame (19) intelligence for letting it happen, stood out from New York mayor with a girlfriend prob
7、lem to 9/11 hero when he took control of a crisis and instilled confidence that a ravaged city could (20) beyond a terrorist attack.（分数：10.00）A.overB.aboveC.againstD.thanA.ThenB.ThereforeC.NonethelessD.BesidesA.generalB.commonC.intensiveD.currentA.preventB.expandC.stopD.containA.criticismB.warningC.
8、adviceD.complimentA.becauseB.thatC.ifD.forA.pressureB.painC.shockD.fearA.drivenB.shunnedC.drownedD.killedA.complainB.adviceC.blameD.objectionA.rowB.travelC.goD.sitA.fixB.discussC.considerD.raiseA.inB.toC.aboutD.withA.researchB.instinctC.planD.strategyA.onB.outC.offD.fromA.dismalB.publicC.briefD.inco
9、mpleteA.importantB.specialC.initialD.sharpA.abundantB.valuableC.surplusD.restlessA.call forB.sum upC.go overD.look forA.timelyB.faultyC.creativeD.secretA.moveB.leaveC.turnD.go二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Indias nomads have roamed the subcontinent
10、for hundreds, sometimes thousands, of years. The Gadulia Lobar (their name comes from the Hindi words for “cart, “ gadulia and “blacksmith, “ lohar) are among the best known. In their illustrious past the Gadulia Lohar forged armor for Hindu kings. Today these blacksmiths pitch camp on the outskirts
11、 of tiny Indian villages and make simple goods from metal. Others are herders, such as the Rabari, famous throughout western India for their large scarfs and familiarity with all things concerning camel. Some are hunters and plant gatherers. Some are service providerssalt traders, fortune-tellers, m
12、agicians. And some are story-tellers, snake charmers, animal doctors, tattooists, basket makers. In total, anthropologists have identified about 500 nomadic groups in India, numbering perhaps 80 million peoplearound 7 percent of the countrys billion-plus population.These wanderers were once part of
13、Indias mainstream. They meshed comfortably with the villagers who lived along their annual migration routes. In the 19th century, though, attitudes began to change. British administrators regarded them as vagrants and criminals, sowing prejudice that survived colonial rule. The rapidly modernizing I
14、ndia of call centers and brand-obsessed youth has scant use for tinkers or bear trainers, and cattle herders are in a losing battle with industry and urban sprawl. Fragmented by hierarchy, language, and region, the nomads are ignored by politicians and, in contrast to other downtrodden groups, have
15、reaped few benefits from social welfare schemes.Just defining the term “nomad“ is problematic in India. Many groups that once definitely fit the category have clustered in slums in a process anthropologists call sedentarization. Yet India remains a rigidly hierarchical society in which birth is ofte
16、n synonymous with destiny. So, mobile or not, Indias nomads are united by a history of poverty and exclusion that continues to this day. probably the biggest human rights crisis youve never heard of.To the lonely few who have taken up the nomads cause, a big part of the solution is to provide them w
17、ith roofs over their heads, or at least an address, which would make it easier for them to get welfare benefits and enroll their kids in school. But such efforts have met fierce resistance from villagers and local politicians, who see the roamers as disreputable outsiders.India once teemed with such
18、 traveling niche workers. Many were first described in detail by a British civil servant, D. Ibbetson, in an 1883 report based on census data from the Punjab region. Ibbetsons observations reflected the prejudices of the day and the widely held belief in Britain that nomadsand especially the dark-sk
19、inned Romany-speaking people known as Gypsieswere unchangeable agents of vice. Such attitudes transferred easily to the subcontinent.（分数：10.00）(1).The author mentions the nomads have wandered India for thousands of years to_.（分数：2.00）A.prove they are the largest disadvantageous group in IndiaB.demon
20、strate their long history of poverty-stricken situationC.emphasize rapidly modernizing India lead to large number of nomadsD.highlight that nomads in India have an illustrious past(2).We can infer from the passage that in India_.（分数：2.00）A.there was no prejudice against nomads in the 18th centuryB.n
21、omads are unavoidable for its hierarchical societyC.nomads enjoyed more social welfare during the colonial periodD.politicians want to solve the problems by providing nomads residence(3).According to the passage, the most ambitious effort to solve the nomads problem should be_.（分数：2.00）A.the improve
22、ment of the local economyB.the elevation of their political statusC.the removal of the hierarchical social structureD.the fulfillment of the welfare benefits(4).What is the authors attitude towards the nomads?（分数：2.00）A.Sympathetic.B.Hostile.C.Optimistic.D.Indifferent.(5).Which of the following is t
23、he text mainly about?（分数：2.00）A.The consequences of wandering in India.B.The causes of nomads wandering in India.C.The social problems of wandering in India.D.The past and present of the nomads in India.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)At his research clinic in Dallas, psychologist Jasper Smits is working on
24、 an unorthodox treatment for anxiety and mood disorders, including depression. It is not yet widely accepted, but his treatment is free and has no side effects. Compare that with antidepressant drugs, which cost Americans $10 billion each year and have many common side effects: sleep disturbances, n
25、ausea, tremors, changes in body weight. This intriguing new treatment? Its nothing more than exercise.In 1999, Duke University researchers demonstrated in a randomized controlled trial that depressed adults who participated in an aerobic-exercise plan improved as much as those treated with medicatio
26、n. Subsequent trials have repeated these results, showing again and again that patients who follow aerobic-exercise plans see improvement in their depression comparable to that of those treated with medication, and that both groups do better than patients given only a placebo. But exercise trials on
27、 the whole have been small, and most have run for only a few weeks; some are plagued by methodological problems. Still, despite limited data, the trials all seem to point in the same direction: exercise boosts mood. It not only relieves depressive symptoms but also prevents them from recurring.Molec
28、ular biologists and neurologists have begun to show that exercise may alter brain chemistry in much the same way that antidepressant drugs doregulating the key neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine. At the University of Georgia, neuroscience professor Philip Holmes and his colleagues have s
29、hown that over the course of several weeks, exercise can switch on certain genes that increase the brains level of galanin, a peptide neurotransmitter that appears to tone down the bodys stress response by regulating another brain chemical, norepinephrine.The result is that exercise primes the brain
30、 to show less stress in response to new stimuli. In the case of lab rats and mice, those stimuli include being plunged into very cold water or being suspended by the tail. And while those are not exactly problems most people face, the thinking is that the human neurochemical response may well react
31、similarly, with exercise leaving our brain less susceptible to stress in the face of harmless but unexpected events, like missing an appointment or getting a parking ticket. A little bit of mental strain and excess stimulation from exercise, in other words, may help us to keep day-to-day problems in
32、 perspective.Researchers wonder whether this interaction between body and brain may, evolutionarily speaking, be unchangeable. “It occurs to us that exercise is the more normal or natural condition and that being sedentary is really the abnormal situation, “Holmes says.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the
33、 first paragraph, antidepressant drugs_.（分数：2.00）A.are more effective than the unorthodox treatmentB.are an unusual new treatmentC.are used widely to cure emotional problemsD.are similar in effect to physical exercise(2).What can be learned from the Duke University experiment?（分数：2.00）A.Exercise cou
34、ld be easily learned and somewhat cost-efficient.B.Exercise may bring a positive effect in curing depression.C.Exercise may take the place of medication someday.D.Exercise may be widely recommended by doctors to cure depression.(3).Philip Holmes discovered that exercise could_.（分数：2.00）A.change brai
35、n chemistry at a molecular levelB.help certain genes to work favorablyC.relieve patients of depressive symptomsD.do better for the patients than a placebo does(4).It can be inferred from the passage that_.（分数：2.00）A.a patients brain may help him to deal with stress automaticallyB.physical exercise m
36、ay help us to forget about day-to-day problemsC.harmless and unexpected events may not cause much a problem for usD.little mental strain from exercise prepares the brain well for new stimuli(5).The last paragraph suggests that_.（分数：2.00）A.whether brain and body interact with each other is not sureB.
37、the interaction between body and brain may be changedC.researchers consider that exercise is the abnormal conditionD.being sedentary is more common than exercise六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)To be a good friend, you have to give of yourself, nonetheless not so much that you lose yourself. This is a pretty
38、 predictable recipe for happiness. Giving to othersa reliable way of fostering friendshipsmakes us happier than taking things for ourselves. In the light of research led by Dr. Elizabeth Dunn at the University of British Columbia, money can purchase happiness.on the prerequisite that you utilize it
39、on other people.Researchers administered three studies consecutively. First, they surveyed more than 600 Americans and found that spending money on gifts and charities led to greater happiness than spending money on oneself.Subsequently they probed into workers who had just received bonuses and obse
40、rved that their happiness did not hinge on the size of their bonus but on the decision they made about what to do with whatever amount of money they received. Those who spent more of their bonus on others were happier than those who spent the money on themselves.Finally, the researchers simply distr
41、ibuted money to a good many subjects, instructing some to spend the money on themselves and others to spend the money on others. At the end of the day, the ones who spent money on others were a good deal happier.As a consequence, having friends and treating them generously is clearly a winning strat
42、egy in life. But what about in business?If you watch even a single episode of any reality TV show based on a competition, such as The Apprentice, youll hear a single phrase crop up more often than any other: “Im not here to make friends!“ Is that true? Are we better off being cutthroat than collabor
43、ative?Once youre on the job, having a best friend at work is a strong predictor of ensuing success. People might define “best“ loosely (think of this as kindergarten where you can have more than one “best“ friend), but according to a Gallup Organization study of more than 5 million workers over 35,
44、56% of the people who say they have a best friend at work are engaged, productive, and successful while only 8% of the ones who dont are.Another remarkable study, spanning decades, revealed that friendships in high school were an effective predictor of increased wages in adulthoodto the tune of 2% p
45、er person who considered you a close friend. To put it otherwise, if in high school three people regarded you as one of their closest same-sex friends, your earnings in adulthood work would be 6% higher.The happy truth is that the competitors who say theyre not here to make friends dont win eventual
46、ly. Thats true for reality TV, for business, and for life as well.（分数：10.00）(1).According to Dr. Elizabeth Dunns research, _.（分数：2.00）A.youll gain friendship if you are ready to sacrificeB.giving of yourself can secure you much happinessC.money can make you happy if employed in a proper wayD.accepti
47、ng things from others may not make us happy(2).Which of the following is true of the three consecutive studies?（分数：2.00）A.Money doesnt matter when it comes to cultivating friendship.B.The size of ones bonus makes no difference to the one concerned.C.Giving money to strangers can bring us happiness.D
48、.Money spent on others can bring us much happiness.(3).The author quotes the example of the TV show to show that_.（分数：2.00）A.it is not possible to find friends during a competitionB.it is improper to talk about friendship on TVC.friendship is of much importance even in businessD.there is no chance f
49、or competitors to cooperate during TV shows(4).According to the Gallup Organization study, _.（分数：2.00）A.its enough for one to just have a best friendB.friendship helps even in the workplaceC.people are not critical about friends at workD.friends are more helpful at work than at school(5).According to the passage, it would be better for high-school students to_.（分数：2.00）A.make more close friendsB.learn to give of themselvesC.work more often in collaboration with other studentsD.have a pla
