1、考研英语-320 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)There is virtually no limit to how one can serve community interests, from spending a few hours a week with some charitable organization to practically full-time work for a social agency. Just as there are opportunities for volu
2、ntary service (1) (VSO) for young people before they take up full-time employment, (2) there are opportunities for overseas service for (3) technicians in developing countries. Some people, (4) those who retire early, (5) their technical and business skills in countries (6) there is a special need.S
3、o in considering voluntary or (7) community service, there are more opportunities than there (8) were when one first began work. Most voluntary organizations have only a small full-time(9) and depend very much on volunteers and part-timers. This means that working relationships are different from th
4、ose in commercial organizations, and values may be different. (10) some ways they may seem more casual and less efficient, but one should not (11) them by commercial criteria. The people who work with them do so for different reasons and with different (12) , both personal and (13) . One should not
5、join them (14) to arm them with professional experience; they must be joined with commitment to the (15) , not business efficiency. Because salaries are (16) or non-existent many voluntary bodies offer modest expense. But many retired people take part in community service for (17) , simply because t
6、hey enjoy the work.Many community activities possible (18) retirement were also possible during ones working life but they are to be undertaken (19) seriously for that. Retired people who are just looking for something different or unusual to do should not consider (20) community service.（分数：10.00）A
7、.overseaB.over seaC.over seasD.overseasA.asB.soC.thenD.thatA.quantityB.qualifyingC.qualityD.qualifiedA.partiallyB.partlyC.particularlyD.passionatelyA.orderB.operateC.offerD.occupyA.whichB.whereC.asD.thatA.payingB.paidC.to be paidD.payA.beforeB.latelyC.neverD.everA.teamB.numberC.staffD.crowdA.InB.ByC
8、.WithD.ThroughA.look atB.commentC.enjoyD.judgeA.subjectiveB.subjectC.objectivesD.objectsA.organizationB.organizationalC.organizedD.organizingA.expectingB.to expectC.being expectedD.expectedA.courseB.causeC.caseD.cautionA.limeB.smallC.largeD.bigA.freeB.freedomC.moneyD.somethingA.beforeB.onC.inD.atA.m
9、uchB.very muchC.no moreD.no lessA.to be takenB.to takeC.takingD.being taken二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Its never too early or too late for a parent to become a teacher. In this age of teacher accountability, endless school testing, increased pres
10、sure and competition, and the proliferation of “educational“ toys, too many people forget that success begins at home.Freeman A. Hrabowski , president of the University of Maryland, Baltimore County, and co-author of Beating the Odds: Raising Academically Successful African American Males and Overco
11、ming the Odds: Raising Academically Successful African American Young Women, says that in the interviews he and his co-authors conducted, the overwhelming factor in their childrens academic achievement was that parents inspired and envisioned their childrens success. They thought and talked about wh
12、at would be required to have a .successful child.“It just makes such a difference when theres someone in that house working to relate to that child and inspire that child,“ Hrabowski says. “These parents (of the high achievers discussed) are really inspirational in their commitment to their children
13、.“Professor Barbara T. Bowman, one of the faculty founders of Chicagos Erikson Institute, an independent institution of higher education that prepares child development professionals for leader- ship, says that Black children must learn in two different cultures-the African-American culture in which
14、 they live and the mainstream culture on which school and education are based.Bowman also says the relationship between children and their parents is critical. “It is the early responsive ness of the caregiver to the infants behavior that creates a sense of well-being and optimism that affects the c
15、hilds interest in learning,“ says Bowman, who served as president of the institute from 1994 to last year. “Children who like and want to please the adult learn better what the adult wants them to learn.“In this day of highly competitive testing and the stress of getting high SAT or ACT scores, its
16、important also to avoid pressuring or overexposing your child. Your son or daughter is probably already facing stress at school and on the playground. Your role is to help him or her relieve and manage that stress. Help them to understand that life does not end or begin with a test. And while academ
17、ic success is important, its also important to keep everything in perspective. Failure is a relative term in the grand scheme of things. If your child did poorly on a test, but answered a particularly tough question correctly, stress the positive. On the other hand, if schoolwork comes too easily to
18、 your child, find other ways to challenge him or her so they understand that life wont always be that way.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the author, the parents of high achievers are usually _.（分数：2.00）A.successful themselvesB.teachersC.inspirationalD.working hard(2).It can be inferred from the passage
19、that the African-American culture is _.（分数：2.00）A.an important part of the mainstream cultureB.the base of the mainstream cultureC.different in many ways from the mainstream cultureD.dependant on the mainstream culture(3).Whether a child is interested in learning depends on _.（分数：2.00）A.the content
20、the adult wants the children to learnB.how pleased the parents are when the children are learningC.the feedback the parents give to children at an early ageD.the physical health of the children(4).The suggestion given in the last paragraph is _.（分数：2.00）A.to emphasize the importance of success for c
21、hildrenB.to avoid pressuring the children too muchC.to challenge the children as much as possibleD.to use the positive effect of pressure(5).Which one of the following is the best title for the passage?（分数：2.00）A.How to raise a high-achieving childB.Successful students whose parents are teachersC.Ke
22、y factors for childrens successD.Motivation and challenge: what do children need most?五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Last year, one group of students in Taiwan did just that. They took chances-and ended up in jail. More than 20 students paid a cram school owner to help them cheat on Taiwans entrance exam,
23、according to police. The students received answers to test questions through cell phones and other electronic devices. Taiwan isnt the only place in Asia to see major cheating scandals. In both India and South Korea, college entrance exams have been stolen and sold to students.Academic cheating has
24、risen dramatically over the last decade. Duke University conducted a survey of 50,000 university and 18,000 high school students in America. More than 70 percent of the students admitted cheating. Just 10 years earlier, only 56 percent said they had cheated. This trend extends far beyond the U. S.,
25、too. In Asia, where students face intense pressure to excel, the cheating problem is especially pronounced. In many Asian countries, a students performance is measured mostly by exam scores. And admission to a top school depends on acing standardized tests. This test-driven culture makes cheating an
26、 easy way for students to get ahead in a super-competitive academic system.But the pressure to perform well on tests isnt the only thing turning students into cheaters. For one, new technology makes cheating easier than ever. Students now have more sophisticated options than just “cheat sheets“ hidd
27、en in pencil boxes. Todays tech-smart students use text-messaging to discreetly send each other test answers. They post questions from standardized tests on internet bulletin boards. Students in Asia, for example, have posted questions from the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) and the G
28、raduate Record Exam (GRE).Deeper issues than technology and testing, however, may be leading to the rise in academic dishonesty. Both students and educators say that society offers too many negative role models. Businesspeople make millions and scientists eam intemational acclaim by cheating and lyi
29、ng. The case of Korean scientist Hwang Woo Suk offers one powerful example. He faked the results of his stem cell research and became a national hero. From many sectors of society, the message to students is loud and clear: Cheating is an easy way to get ahead.Victoria Lin, a high school teacher in
30、Taichung, says educators must begin to stress integrity as well as achievement in academics. Thats what she tries to instill in her students. “I always tell my students, How much is your character worth? 100 points? 90 points?“ Jerry Chang, a student at Taiwans Oriental Institute of Technology, also
31、 has words of advice for classmates he sees cheating. “When you cheat on exams, you only cheat yourself,“ he says, “because you wont know how much youve really learned./（分数：10.00）(1).The example mentioned in paragraph 1 means to _.（分数：2.00）A.criticize the cram school for their poor education qualiti
32、esB.highlight the seriousness of cheating in TaiwanC.show how prevalent the problem of cheating isD.show sympathy for those who cheated(2).What does the word “acing“ most probably mean?（分数：2.00）A.Extraordinarily good.B.Hardly satisfactory.C.Barely passing.D.Middling.(3).In paragraph 3, the author fo
33、cuses on the factor of _.（分数：2.00）A.pressures related to testsB.advanced technologiesC.sophistication of studentsD.standardized tests(4).The example of Korean scientist Hwang Woo Suk is quoted to _.（分数：2.00）A.shift to topic from students cheating to academic dishonestyB.attribute the problem of chea
34、ting to the negative examples in our societyC.compare businesspeople and scientists in cheating scandalsD.blame technology as the most important reason for cheating(5).What is the suggestion given in the last paragraph to tackle the problem of cheating?（分数：2.00）A.The teaching of values should be giv
35、en equal, if not higher, priority.B.Teachers should avoid talking about students test scores too much.C.Educators should have a reasonable expectation for students scores.D.School should add integrity as part of the test scores.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)An attempt towards the rectification of the rot
36、that has set in the social and national life of the country is being made, with great enthusiasm, through judicial activism. However judicial activism alone does not suffice for the rectification of this all-pervading malaise. What is urgently needed is the support of other social agencies/instituti
37、ons. A very important role in this matter can be played by media activism, the topic under discussion today.It is undoubtedly true that the position of media or journalism is not that of a mission but of a commercial industry. The truth of the matter, however, is that our present journalism is used
38、to presenting only half side of the picture. This is the root cause of all our problems. In view of the present circumstances media activism would amount to present a balanced reporting of the situation abandoning the present policy of selective reporting.The principle of modern journalism can be un
39、derstood from this saying: “When a dog bites a man it is no news, but when a man bites a dog, it is news“. One practical example of this method is provided by our present journalism which is constantly engaged in giving maximum coverage to any hot news created by an unruly section of Muslims. If the
40、 percentage of hot news forms only one percent the percentage of soft news is not less than 99 percent. But the readers of the newspapers aretotally in the dark about this 99 percent of the picture, whereas the one percent is being repeated. Similarly if an extremist Hindu creates hot news, this wil
41、l find a place in all the newspapers the next day. Whereas even in the Hindu world there is 99 percent soft news while hot news forms not more than one percent.As a result of this one sided study, unreal opinion is formed by both the communities regarding one another. Taking extreme forms this unrea
42、l opinion at times turns into communal riots. The selective reporting of this nature remains a permanent obstacle to the path of national integration.For the rectification of this state of affairs a powerful journalists organization-as we already have formed for our rights-based on the principles of
43、 social responsibilities is required. Media Relations Forum is an organization which aims at working for this goal.Along with this I should like to put forward a proposal for bringing about an atmosphere of support and cooperation between the newspapers and social workers. Whenever a rumor spreads o
44、r a group indulges in any activity which may lead to disrupting peace, social workers should immediately engage themselves in a thorough investigation of the matter and then through the full support of the newspapers the actual version is published in the newspapers. This is the only way to maintain
45、 peace and harmony in communities.（分数：10.00）(1).The word “malaise“ (Line 3, Paragraph 1) most probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.problemB.definitionC.rectificationD.enthusiasm(2).Which one of the following is the characteristic of the current reporting?（分数：2.00）A.Commercial reporting.B.Balanced reporting.C
46、.Selective reporting.D.Problem reporting.(3).The example of the reports about Muslims is used to _.（分数：2.00）A.analyze how it is different from HinduB.introduce the news industry thereC.showcase how the current reporting is unbalancedD.exemplify how reporting should be organized(4).From the passage,
47、we know that Media Relation Forum is _.（分数：2.00）A.a seminar in which journalists from difference places learn and communicateB.an organization promoting social responsibilities of mediaC.a management body to rectify all kinds of misconduct of mediaD.an organization to protect the rights and safety o
48、f journalists(5).In the last paragraph, the author focuses on the responsibilities of _.（分数：2.00）A.newspapersB.social workersC.investigatorsD.communities七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Sport psychology research has documented the important rote of significant adults such as parents and coaches in youth part
49、icipants psychosocial development and achievement motivation. However, the situation concerning parents and coaches in youth sport is somewhat of a conundrumthe roles of coach and parent are often synonymous, suggesting not simply an independent relationship with the child participant.In recent years, a growing body of literature has emerged on parent influence in youth sport based on these and other theories. First, research shows that parents who are more supportive and less pressuring of their children ar
