1、考研英语-318 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and. Strange things have been happening to England. StillU (1) /Ufrom the dissolution of the empire in the yearsU (2) /UWorld War , now the English
2、 find they are not even British. As the cherished “United Kingdom“ breaks into itsU (3) /Uparts, Scots are clearlyU (4) /Uand the Welsh, Welsh. But who exactly are the English? Whats left of them, with everything but the U(5) /Uhalf of their island taken away? Going back in time toU (6) /Uroots does
3、nt help. First came the Celts, then the Romans, then Angles, Saxons, Jutes, Danes. Invasion after invasion, until the Norman Conquest. English national identity only seemed to find itsU (7) /Ulater, on the shifting sands of expansionism, from Elizabethan times onwards. The empire seemed to seal it.
4、But now theres just England, U(8) /Uof a green island in the northern seas, lashed by rain, scarred by twoU (9) /Uof vicious industrialization fallenU (10) /Udereliction, ruined, as DH. Lawrence thought, by “the tragedy of ugliness,“ its abominable architecture. Of all English institutions, the one
5、toU (11) /Uon would surely be the pub. Shelter to Chaucers pilgrims, home to Falstaff and Hal, throne of felicity to Dr. Johnson, the pub- that smoky, yeasty den of jollity-is the womb ofU (12) /U, if anywhere is. Yet in the midst of this nationalU (13) /Ucrisis, the pub, the mainstay of English lif
6、e, a staff drivenU (14) /Uinto the sump of history, U(15) /Uas the Saxons, is suddenly dying and evolving atU (16) /Urates. Closing at something like a rate of more than three a day, pubs have becomeU (17) /Uenough that for the first time since the Domesday Book, more than half the villages in Engla
7、nd no longer have one. Its a rare pub that stillU (18) /U, or even limps on, by being what it was U(19) /Uto be: a drinking establishment. The oldU (20) /Uof a pub as a place for a “session,“ a lengthy, restful, increasingly tipsy evening of swigging, is all but defunct. （分数：10.00）A.reelingB.struggl
8、ingC.runningD.passingA.beforeB.followedC.followingD.withA.comprisingB.constituentC.formD.ingredientA.ScotlandB.ScotchC.ScottishD.IrishA.northernB.westernC.easternD.southernA.lookB.traceC.searchD.huntA.feetB.resourcesC.coreD.reflectionA.fullB.littleC.halfD.allA.yearsB.decadesC.centuriesD.periodsA.fro
9、mB.outC.awayD.intoA.rememberB.countC.raiseD.differentiateA.EnglishnessB.BritishnessC.ScottishnessD.WelshnessA.identityB.financialC.economicD.politicalA.upB.downC.rightD.leftA.historicalB.barbarianC.oldD.remoteA.equalB.differentC.unprecedentedD.fastA.enoughB.scarceC.cheapD.popularA.thrivesB.closesC.s
10、tandsD.existsA.askedB.bornC.meantD.requiredA.beliefB.ideaC.reflectionD.circumstance二、BSection Readi(总题数：5，分数：50.00)BPart A/BDirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D BText 1/BThe swine flu will probably return in force earlier than seaso
11、nal flu usually begins, federal health officials predicted Friday, saying they expected it to erupt as soon as schools open rather than in October or November. The swine flu is still circulating in the United States, especially in summer camps, even though hot weather has arrived and the regular flu
12、 season ended months ago, “so we expect challenges when people return to school, when kids are congregating together,“ Dr. Anne Schuchat, director of respiratory diseases at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, said in a telephone news conference held jointly with vaccine experts from the
13、 Food and Drug Administration and the Department of Health and Human Services. It is still unclear how many doses of a swine flu vaccine will be available by then, and officials have been reluctant to make firm predictions beyond saying that they expect tens of millions, rather than hundreds of mill
14、ions, and they plan to distribute them to people who are the most vulnerable, like pregnant women and people who are the most likely to encounter the flu, like health care workers. The number of doses available will depend on how fast seed strains grow, how much protection a small dose provides, and
15、 whether immune-system boosters called adjuvants are needed and prove to be safe; adjuvants are not used in American flu vaccines now. Clinical trials testing those questions are expected to take another couple of months, said Dr. Jesse L. Goodman, director of the F. DAs Center for Biologics Evaluat
16、ion and Research. Assuming a swine flu vaccination campaign begins, it will be voluntary, Dr. Schuchat emphasized, but she “strongly encouraged“ pregnant women to get both a seasonal flu shot and a swine flu shot when they are available. The CDChas been closely following the disease in the Southern
17、Hemisphere winter, and it is mimicking the patterns seen in the United States and Mexico in the spring, she said. Most infections and most serious cases are in children and young adults, and those with underlying conditions, including pregnancy, are the most likely to die. Dr. Schuchat likened the s
18、preads unpredictability to that of popcorn: one city could see an explosion of cases and overwhelmed hospitals while another saw few. Her most important message, she added, was that “the virus isnt gone, and we fully expect there will be challenges in the fall. “ （分数：10.00）(1).Why did officials expe
19、ct the swine flu to erupt as soon as schools open rather than in October or November?（分数：2.00）A.There will be sufficient swine flu vaccines then.B.The swine flu is still circulating.C.The cold weather then will hinder their work.D.People will be plunged into panic by then.(2).What measures will be t
20、aken due to the potential insufficiency of swine flu doses?（分数：2.00）A.Urge the factory to accelerate production.B.Speed up the clinic trials.C.Distribute the vaccines to people who are the most vulnerable.D.Still encourage people to reduce their public activities and remain at home.(3).According to
21、the text, what does “adjuvant“ (Para 4, Line 2) refer to?（分数：2.00）A.An immune-system booster.B.Another kind of vaccine.C.A new medicine.D.A new dangerous virus.(4).Which of the following questions is not included in “those questions“ (Para 5, Line 1) ?（分数：2.00）A.How fast do seed strains grow?B.How m
22、uch protection does a small dose provide?C.Are adjuvants needed and prove to be safe?D.How much will such doses cost?(5).Which of the following is the most infective to this disease?（分数：2.00）A.A twelve-year old school boy.B.A twenty-seven year old athlete.C.A fifty-year old male gardener.D.A forty-s
23、even year old female driver.BText 2/BThe church of La Placita, “the little square“, formally called Nuestra Se ora Reina de Los Angeles, was founded under Spanish rule at around the same time as the pueblo bearing the same name, the future Los Angeles. Catholicism and Hispanic culture seemed insepar
24、able there. They still largely are. Virtually all Father Estradas parishioners are Hispanic, most of them of Mexican extraction. When Guatemalan and Salvadorean refugees showed up in the 1980s, it was natural for them, as good Catholics, to find sanctuary at La Placita, where they slept on the pews
25、and Father Estrada gave them food. It was natural again in 2006, when the country went on an anti-immigrant binge, for many of the Latino counter-marches to start from La Placita. Latinos still come from all over southern California for baptisms and prayer, social services and a sense of community.
26、But more and more grandmothers also come to Father Estrada with worries about children or grandchildren who have become hermanos separados, separated brothers, after defecting to an evangelical church, usually one with a Pentecostal flavour. The converts may have followed one of the evangelicals who
27、 come to La Placita to recruit, or friends whom they met at a spiritual rock concert or picnic. “I dont worry, but I find it to be challenging,“ says Father Estrada. Some 68% of Hispanics in America are still Catholic, according to the Pew Research Centre, a think-tank, and their absolute number, th
28、anks to immigration and higher birth rates, continues to increase. But about 15% are now born-again evangelicals, who are fast gaining “market share“, as Gaston Espinosa, a professor of religion at Claremont McKenna College, puts it. He estimates that about 3.9m Latino Catholics have converted, and
29、that “for everyone who comes back to the Catholic Church, four leave it. “ The main reason, he thinks, is ethnic identity. Evangelical services are not only in Spanish, as many Catholic sermons are nowadays, but are performed by Latinos rather than Irish or Polish-American priests, with the cadences
30、, rhythms, innuendos and flow familiar from the mother country. The evangelical services tend to be livelier than Catholic liturgy and to last longer, often turning into an outing lasting the whole day. Women play greater roles, and there are fewer parishioners for each pastor than in the Catholic C
31、hurch. The evangelical churches are also more “experiential“, says Samuel Rodriguez, a third- generation Puerto Rican Pentecostal pastor and the president of the National Hispanic Christian Leadership Conference, an evangelical association. In the Catholic Church, a believers relationship with Jesus
32、 is mediated through hierarchies and bureaucracies, he says, whereas the evangelical churches provide direct access to Jesus. The Pentecostals go one step further, with the “gifts of the Holy Spirit“ (1 Corinthians) letting believers speak in tongues and pray for divine healing. “This is the first g
33、roup in America to reconcile both the vertical and the horizontal parts of the cross,“ says Mr. Rodriguez. By this he means that the Latino evangelical churches emphasise not only “ covenant, faith and righteousness“ (the vertical part), as white evangelicals do, but also “ community, public policy
34、and social justice“ (the horizontal part), as many black evangelicals, but fewer white ones, do. To Latino evangelicals it is all one thing, he says, and the social outreach the church provides goes far beyond any government programme, with pastors snatching young men away from gang life and fightin
35、g to uphold the rights of immigrants. This also means that Latino evangelicals as a political force are distinct from white evangelicals. Many of the whites have veered hard right, hating abortion and gay marriage and reliably voting Republican, though less so very recently. Latinos tend to be even
36、more pro-life and traditional marriage than whites, says Mr. Rodriguez, but only because they know that “mom and dad in the home is the prime antidote to gangs and drugs. “ That same pragmatism makes them believe in government services and the taxes that pay for them, and of course in immigrant righ
37、ts. As voters, he reckons, Latino evangelicals are therefore the quintessential independents, up for grabs by either party. But it may be American Catholicism that changes the most. About a third of American Catholics are Latino now, and their share is growing. They are also different Catholics, wit
38、h more than half describing themselves as “ charismatics “, according to the Pew report. Charismatics remain in their traditional denomination, but believe in some aspects of Pentecostalism, such as the gifts of the Holy Spirit, especially the speaking in tongues. Latino charismatics see themselves
39、as a renewal movement within Catholicism, as it converges with other churches. And in general all churchgoing Latinos tend to see themselves as renewing Christianity in America. That makes them a powerful force as demographic changes turn America ever more Hispanic, and increasingly different from s
40、ecular Europe. （分数：10.00）(1).What do Father Estrada mean by “separated brothers“ (Para 3, Line 2) ?（分数：2.00）A.They do not live in the same place.B.Many parents were divorced and then got them separated.C.They are not all Catholics, but some are evangelicals.D.Some are dead while others are alive.(2)
41、.According to the text, which of the following is not the edges of evangelical churches against Catholic Church?（分数：2.00）A.Ethnic identity of evangelicals is more of Hispanic characters.B.Direct connection with God.C.More involvement of female citizens.D.The evangelical services tend to be more sole
42、mn.(3).According to the text, why can evangelical church provide social outreach that goes far beyond any government programme?（分数：2.00）A.Evangelicals are most Latin Americans and Latin Americans take a considerable portion of US population.B.The evangelical church reconciles merits from different c
43、hurches that are adhered to by different communities of people.C.Government policies are not thoroughly performed in the neighbourhoods whose inhabitants are mostly Latin Americans.D.Government does not take much care in the affairs of Latin Americans as they are usually not in the mainstream of the
44、 society.(4).What does “charismatics“ (Para 9, Line 3) refer to in the text?（分数：2.00）A.People who with abilities bestowed by God.B.Those who converge with other churches.C.Those who are of outstanding charms.D.Those who most solemnly believe in Christianity.(5).Which is correct according to this tex
45、t?（分数：2.00）A.Latin Americans are changing Christianity in America.B.More and more people turn from Catholics to other churches.C.Latin Americans, with their churches, are becoming a stronger political force in US.D.Evangelical church is better than other Catholic church.BText 3/BAttacks on Jose Manu
46、el Barroso, the president of the European Commission, have intensified before the European election held between June 4th and 7th, and ahead of a European Union summit when national leaders will discuss his reappointment to a second five- year term. On the left, the Party of European Socialists (PES
47、) calls Mr. Barroso a conservative who “puts markets before people“. Should the PES emerge as the largest group in the European Parliament, it will try to block him. But prominent federalists are also unimpressed. Guy Verhofstadt, a former Belgian prime minister, speaks for many in Brussels when he
48、denounces Mr. Barroso for a lack of ambition for Europe. Mr. Verhofstadt invokes the memory of Jacques Delors, the pugnacious Frenchman who ran the commission from 1985 to 1995Mr. Delors proposed many ambitious plans, he says, and got 30% of them: that 30% then became the European internal market. M
49、r. Verhofstadt thinks that last autumn Mr. Barroso should have proposed such things as a single EU financial regulator, a single European bad bank, or a multi-trillion issue of “Eurobonds“. That would have triggered a “ big fight“ with national governments, he concedes. But “maybe the outcome would have been 10%, 20% or 30% of his plan. “ The French president, Nicolas Sarko
