1、考研英语-313 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank. In every cultivated language there are two great classes of words which, taken together, comprises the whole vocabulary. First, there are those wo
2、rdsU (1) /Uwhich we become acquainted in daily conversation, which weU (2) /U, that is to say, from theU (3) /Uof our own family and from our familiar associates, andU (4) /Uwe should know and useU (5) /Uwe could not read or write. TheyU (6) /Uthe common things of life, and are the stock in trade of
3、 all who U(7) /Uthe language. Such words may be called “popular“, since they belong to the people U(8) /Uand are not the exclusiveU (9) /Uof a limited class. On the other hand, our languageU (10) /Ua multitude of words which are comparatively U(11) /Uused in ordinary conversation. Their meanings are
4、 known to every educated person, but there is littleU (12) /Uto use them at home or in the market-place. OurU (13) /Uacquaintance with them comes not from our mothersU (14) /Uor from the talk of our school-mates, U(15) /U from books that we read, lectures that weU (16) /U, or the moreU (17) /Uconver
5、sation of highly educated speakers who are discussing some particularU (18) /Uin a style appropriately elevated above the habitualU (19) /Uof everyday life. Such words are called “learned“, and theU (20) /U between them and the “popular“ words is of great importance to a right understanding of lingu
6、istic process. （分数：10.00）A.atB.withC.byD.throughA.studyB.imitateC.stimulateD.learnA.matesB.relativesC.membersD.fellowsA.whichB.thatC.thoseD.onesA.evenB.despiteC.even ifD.in spite ofA.mindB.concernC.careD.relateA.hireB.applyC.adoptD.useA.in publicB.at mostC.at largeD.at bestA.rightB.privilegeC.shareD
7、.possessionA.consistsB.comprisesC.constitutesD.composesA.seldomB.muchC.neverD.oftenA.prospectB.wayC.reasonD.necessityA.primaryB.firstC.principalD.priorA.tipsB.mouthC.lipsD.tongueA.besidesB.andC.orD.butA.hear ofB.attendC.hear fromD.listenA.formerB.formulaC.formalD.formativeA.themeB.topicC.ideaD.point
8、A.borderB.linkC.degreeD.extentA.diversionB.distinctionC.diversityD.similarity二、BSection Readi(总题数：4，分数：40.00)BPart A/BDirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D BText 1/BMany people seem to think that science fiction is typified by the co
9、vers of some of the old pulp magazines, the Bug-Eyed Monster, embodying every trait and feature that most people find repulsive, is about to grab, and presumably ravish, a sweet, blonde, curvaceous, scantily clad Earth girl. This is unfortunate because it demeans and degrades a worthwhile and even i
10、mportant literary endeavor. In contrast to this unwarranted stereotype, science fiction rarely emphasizes sex, and when it does, it is more discreet than other contemporary fiction. Instead, the basic interest of science fiction lies in the relation between man and his technology and between man and
11、 the universe. Science fiction is a literature of change and a literature of the future, and while it would be foolish to claim that science fiction is a major literary genre at this time, the aspects of human life that it considers make it well worth reading and studying for no other literary form
12、does quite the same things. What is science fiction? To begin, the following definition should be helpful: science fiction is a literary subgenre which postulates a change (for human beings) from conditions as we know them and follows the implications of these changes to a conclusion. Although this
13、definition will necessarily be modified and expanded, it covers much of the basic groundwork and provides a point of departure. The first point-that science fiction is a literary subgenre-is a very important one, but one which is often overlooked or ignored in most discussions of science fiction. Sp
14、ecifically, science fiction is either a short story or a novel. There are only a few dramas which could be called science fiction, with Karel Capeks RUR (Rossums Universal Robots) being the only one that is well known, the body of poetry that might be labeled science fiction is only slightly larger.
15、 To say that science fiction is a subgenre of prose fiction is to say that it has all the basic characteristics and serves the same basic functions in much the same way as prose fiction in general, that is, it shares a great deal with all other novels and short stories. Everything that can be said a
16、bout prose fiction, in general, applies to science fiction. Every piece of science fiction, whether short story or novel, must have a narrator, a story, a plot, a setting, characters, language, and theme. And like any prose, the themes of science fiction are concerned with interpreting mans nature a
17、nd experience in relation to the world around him. Themes in science fiction are constructed and presented in exactly the same ways that themes are dealt with in any other kind of fiction. They are the result of a particular combination of narrator, story, plot, character, setting, and language. In
18、short, the reasons for reading and enjoying science fiction, and the ways of studying and analyzing it, are basically the same as they would be for any other story or novel. （分数：10.00）(1).Science fiction is called a literary subgenre because_.（分数：2.00）A.it is not important enough to be a literary ge
19、nreB.it cannot be made into a dramatic presentationC.it shares characteristics with other types of prose fictionD.to call it a “genre“ would subject it to literary jargon(2).The final sentence in the text implies that_.（分数：2.00）A.the reader should turn next to commentaries on general fictionB.there
20、is no reason for any reader not to like science fictionC.the reader should compare other novels and stories to science fictionD.those who can appreciate prose fiction can appreciate science fiction(3).From the last paragraph, we know that people read science fiction especially for_.（分数：2.00）A.the di
21、scovery of meaningB.the beauty of languageC.the display of characterD.the psychological complexity(4).An appropriate title for this passage would be_.（分数：2.00）A.On the Inaccuracies of Pulp MagazinesB.Toward a Definition of Science FictionC.A Type of Prose FictionD.Beyond the Bug-Eyed Monster(5).Acco
22、rding to the author, the popular image of science fiction is_.（分数：2.00）A.prejudicedB.impartialC.worthyD.admiringBText 2/BThis book is written expressly for students in an attempt to present the material that is most useful and interesting to them. Previous courses in chemistry are not necessary for
23、the understanding of the material, although those students who have had high school chemistry will find that a review of the inorganic section will better enable them to master the organic and biochemistry sections that follow. The author has felt that in the past there was an improper selection of
24、material from inorganic, organic, and biochemistry in the majority of the textbooks of chemistry for nurse. The tendency has been to develop the inorganic chemistry to such an extent that organic and biochemistry is covered too briefly. The recent advances in biochemistry and their widespread applic
25、ation to the practice of medicine and nursing have considerably altered the situation. Not only is biochemistry more closely allied to the practical chemistry of medicine and nursing but also it is of more interest to the student. In the authors experience the response to biochemistry has always bee
26、n more favorable than to the other sections. Within the brief period allotted to chemistry, therefore, the sections on inorganic, organic, and biochemistry should be so arranged that a good share of the time is spent in the study of biochemistry. This book presents mainly those fundamentals of inorg
27、anic and organic chemistry that are necessary for the understanding of the section on biochemistry. The fundamental points suggested in the Curriculum Guide are included in the book, with some additions in the biochemistry section. The author feels that a study of urine, vitamins, nutrition, and hor
28、mones is so obviously a part of biochemistry that at least the fundamentals should be included in this course. The book has been planned in such a way that it may be adapted to various courses in chemistry. The material suggested by the Curriculum Guide is covered in the first nineteen chapters and
29、may be used in accelerated courses or where minimum time is allotted to chemistry. When the time allotted to the course is sixty to ninety hours, the entire contents of the book may be used to advantage. While the book has been written especially to fit the needs of Schools of Nursing, it could read
30、ily be applied in instances where students are required to take but one course in chemistry. The apathetic attitude of nonprofessional students toward a course in inorganic chemistry may well be overcome by the proper presentation of material selected from inorganic, organic, and biochemistry. （分数：1
31、0.00）(1).Which of the following is TRUE about reading the book?（分数：2.00）A.One must first review his high school courses.B.Previous courses in chemistry are necessary.C.A good mastery of biochemistry is essential.D.One neednt have studied chemistry before.(2).In the authors experience, the students a
32、re most interested in_.（分数：2.00）A.chemistry as a wholeB.biochemistryC.inorganic chemistryD.organic chemistry(3).Para. 4 suggests that one characteristic of this book is its_.（分数：2.00）A.vividness of the languageB.simplicity in presentationC.adaptability to various needsD.complexity of the plot(4).The
33、 authors attitude towards this book is_.（分数：2.00）A.doubtfulB.criticalC.apatheticD.approving(5).The purpose of this book is_.（分数：2.00）A.to provide students with helpful and interesting materialB.to preface the Curriculum Guide with a brief account of biochemistryC.to present inorganic and organic che
34、mistry in detailsD.to raise nonprofessional students interests in chemistryBText 3/BNew claims for unemployment insurance dipped last week, suggesting that companies are laying off fewer workers as the budding economic recovery unfolds. The Labor Department reported on Thursday that for the work wee
35、k ending April 27, new claims for jobless benefits went down by a seasonally adjusted 10,000 to 418,000, the lowest level since March 23In another report, orders to U. S. factories rose for the fourth straight month, a solid 0.4 percent rise in March. The figure was largely boosted by stronger deman
36、d for unendurable goods, such as food, clothes, paper products and chemicals. Total unendurable goods were up 1.6 percent in March, the biggest increase in two years. Orders also rose for some manufactured goods, including metals, construction machinery, household appliances and defense equipment. T
37、he report reinforces the view that the nations manufacturers-which sharply cut production and saw hundreds of thousands of jobs evaporate during the recession-are on the comeback trail. Stocks were rising again on Thursday. In the first half-four of trading, the Dow Jones industrial average was up 4
38、3 points and the Nasdaq index was up 14 points. In the jobless-claims report, even with the decline, a government analyst said, the level was inflated as a result of a technical fluke. The distortion is coming from a requirement that laid-off workers seeking to take advantage of a federal extension
39、for benefits must summit new claims. Congress recently passed legislation signed into law by President Bush that provided a 13-week extension of jobless benefits. The fluck has clouded the layoffs picture for several weeks. But the government analyst said the refilling requirement is having much les
40、s of an effect on the claims numbers than in previous weeks. The more stable four-week moving average of new claims, which smoothes out weekly fluctuation, also fell last week to 435750, the lowest level since the beginning of April. But the number of workers continuing to receive unemployment benef
41、its rose to 3.8 million for the work week ending April 20, evidence that people who are out of work are having trouble finding new jobs. Economists predict that job growth wont be strong enough in the coming months to prevent the nations unemployment rate-now at 5.7 percent-from rising. Many economi
42、sts are forecasting a rise in Aprils jobless rate to 5.8 percent and estimating that businesses added around 55,000 jobs during the month. The government will release the April employment report on Friday. Even as the economy bounces back from recession, some economists expect the jobless rate will
43、peak to just over 6 percent by June. That is because companies will be reluctant to quickly hire back laid-off workers until they are assured the recovery is here to stay. Given the fledging rebound, many economists expect the Federal Reserve to leave short-term interest rates-now at 40-year lows-un
44、changed when it meets on May 7The Fed adjusted interest rates 11 times in a row last year to rescue the economy from recession, which began in May 2001. （分数：10.00）(1).The fact that new claims for jobless benefits decreased shows that_.（分数：2.00）A.the economy is well on its way to recoveryB.more joble
45、ss workers have found new jobsC.companies have slowed down firing workersD.unemployment rates fluctuate on a seasonal basis(2).What is the present situation of the manufacturing industry?（分数：2.00）A.It is recovering.B.It now suffers much setback.C.It has opened up thousands of employment opportunitie
46、s.D.It has increased the production of unendurable goods.(3).In the first sentence of the second paragraph, the “ level“ refers to the level of_.（分数：2.00）A.unemploymentB.growth of productionC.new jobless claimsD.rise of the stocks(4).Which of the following was on the rise in April?（分数：2.00）A.New cla
47、ims for jobless benefits.B.The number of workers laid off.C.The number of people living on jobless benefits.D.The number of people finding new jobs.(5).One result of the present budding economic recovery is the_.（分数：2.00）A.reduction in unemployment rateB.gradual rise of the interest ratesC.reduced n
48、ew claims for unemployment insuranceD.reduction in inflation rateBText 4/BHorse thieves, cattle rustlers, bank robbers, train and stagecoach robbers, highwaymen, murderers, these were but some of the criminals who infested the American frontier during the 19th century. In English legend Robin Hood c
49、an be considered a bandit, but the outlaws of the Old West were far more violent men and women without any scruples when it came to taking property or life. The careers of many outlaws have been glamorized through fictional accounts of their deeds and their exploits have been the basis for many movie scripts. T
