1、考研英语-302 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BDirections:/BRead the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET1.All Sumerian cities recognized a number of gods in common, including the sky god, the lord of storms, and
2、the morning and evening star.U (1) /Uthe Sumerian worshipped the goddess of fertility, love, and war, she was evidently lowerU (2) /Ustatus than the male gods, indicating that in a more urbanized society theU (3) /Uthat the peoples of previous times had paid to the earth mother goddess hadU (4) /U.
3、The gods seemed hopelessly violent andU (5) /U, and ones life a period of slavery at their easy will. The epic poem The Creation emphasizes thatU (6) /Uwere created to enable the gods toU (7) /Uup working. Each city moreover had its own god, who was considered toU (8) /Uthe temple literally and who
4、was in theory the owner of all property within the city.U (9) /Uthe priests who interpreted the will of the god and controlled theU (10) /Uof the economic produce of the city were favoredU (11) /Utheir supernatural and material functionsU (12) /U. When, after 3000 B. C. , growing warfare among the c
5、ities made military leadershipU (13) /U, the head of the army who became king assumed a(n)U (14) /Uposition between the god, whose agent he was, and the priestly class, whom he had both to use and toU (15) /UThus king and priests represented the upper class in a hierarchical society.U (16) /Uthem we
6、re the scribes, the secular attendants of the temple, whoU (17) /Uevery aspect of the citys economic life and who developed a rough judicial system.U (18) /Uthe temple officials, society was divided among an elite orU (19) /Ugroup of large landowners and military leaders; a mixed group of merchants,
7、 artisans, and craftsmen, free peasants whoU (20) /Uthe majority of the population; and slaves.（分数：10.00）A.UnlessB.AsC.LestD.AlthoughA.onB.inC.withD.aboutA.worshipB.reverenceC.admirationD.gratitudeA.vanishedB.recoveredC.declinedD.attainedA.unpredictableB.unforgivableC.unlimitedD.unlikelyA.creaturesB
8、.animalsC.menD.mortalsA.useB.turnC.giveD.hackA.inhabitB.liveC.resideD.lodgeA.HenceB.ThereafterC.SomehowD.IncidentallyA.introductionB.transactionC.distributionD.provisionA.asB.forC.underD.oFA.alongB.anywayC.afterwardsD.alikeA.additionalB.vitalC.singularD.exceptionalA.alternativeB.secondaryC.intermedi
9、ateD.fundamentalA.pacifyB.temptC.suppressD.manipulateA.BesideB.BeyondC.BelowD.BeforeA.supervisedB.heldC.managedD.presidedA.AroundB.UnderC.AboveD.OutsideA.leadingB.nobleC.controllingD.principalA.consistB.composeC.compileD.consume二、BSection Readi(总题数：6，分数：60.00)BPart A/BBDirections:/BRead the followin
10、g four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.BText 1/BIt was the biggest scientific grudge match since the space race. The Genome Wars had everything: two groups with appealing leaders ready to fight in a scientific dead heat, pushi
11、ng the limits of technology and rhetoric as they battled to become the first to read every last one of the 3 billion DNA “letters“ in the human body. The scientific importance of the work is unquestionable. The completed DNA sequence is expected to give scientists unprecedented insights into the wor
12、kings of the human body, revolutionizing medicine and biology. But the race itself, between the governments Human Genome Project and Rockville, Md., biotechnology company Celera Genomics, was at least partly symbolic, the public/private conflict played out in a genetic lab.Now the race is over. Afte
13、r years of public attacks and several failed attempts at reconciliation, the two sides are taking a step toward a period of calm. HOP head Francis Collins (and .Ari Patrinos of the Department of Energy, an important ally on the government side) and Craig Venter, the founder of Celera, agreed to hold
14、 a joint press conference in Washington this Monday to declare that the race was over (sort of), that both sides had won (kind of) and that the hostilities were resolved (for the time being).No one is exactly sure how things will be different now. Neither side will be turning off its sequencing mach
15、ines any time soon-the “finish lines“ each has crossed are largely arbitrary points, “first drafts“ rather than the definitive version. And while the joint announcement brings the former Genome Warriors closer together than theyve been in years, insiders say I that future agreements are more likely
16、to take the form of coordination, rather than outright collaboration.The conflict blew up this February when Britains Welcome Trust, an HGP participant, released a confidential letter to Celera outlining the HGPs complaints. Venter called the move “a lowlife thing to do,“ but by spring, there were t
17、he first signs of a thaw. “The attacks and nastiness are bad for science and our investors,“ Venter told Newsweek in March, “and fighting back is probably not helpful.“ At a cancer meeting earlier this month, Venter and Collins praised each others approaches, and expressed hope that all of the scien
18、tists involved in sequencing the human genome would be able to share the credit By late last week, that hope was becoming a reality as details for Mondays joint announcement were hammered out. Scientists in both camps welcomed an end to the hostilities. “If this ends the horse race, science wins.“ W
19、ith their difference behind them, or at least set aside, the scientists should now be able to get down to the interesting stuff, figuring how to make use of all that data.（分数：10.00）(1).The recent Genome Wars were symbolic of（分数：2.00）A.the enthusiasm in scientific research.B.the significance of the s
20、pace race.C.the public versus private conflict.D.the prospect of the completion Of DNA sequene.(2).The tone of the author in reporting the joint press conference this Monday is（分数：2.00）A.astonished.B.enthusiastic.C.disappointed.D.objective.(3).It is implied in the third paragraph that（分数：2.00）A.the
21、“finish lines“ does mean what it reads.B.the sequencing machines have stopped at the “finish lines“.C.the former warriors are now collaborators.D.both sides will work on independently.(4).The word “thaw“ (Line 3, Para. 4) most probably means（分数：2.00）A.aggravation in tension.B.improvement in relation
22、.C.intensification in attacks.D.stoppage of coordination.(5).The critical thing facing the scientists is to（分数：2.00）A.apply the newly-found knowledge to the benefit of mankind.B.end their horse race for the success of science.C.get down to their genome research.D.set their differences asideBText 2/B
23、At the start of the year, The Independent on Sunday argued that there were three overwhelming reasons why Iraq should not be invaded: there was no proof that Saddam posed an imminent threat; Iraq would be even more unstable as a result of its liberation; and a conflict would increase the threat pose
24、d by terrorists. What we did not know was that Tony Blair had received intelligence and advice that raised the very same points.Last weeks report from the Intelligence and Security Committee included the revelation that some of the intelligence had warned that a war against Iraq risked an increased
25、threat of terrorism. Why did Mr. Blair not make this evidence available to the public in the way that so much of the alarmist intelligence on Saddams weapons was published? Why did he choose to ignore the intelligence and argue instead that the war was necessary, precisely because of the threat pose
26、d by international terrorism?There have been two parliamentary investigations into this war and the Hutton inquiry will reopen tomorrow. In their different ways they have been illuminating, but none of them has addressed the main issues relating to the war. The Foreign Affairs Committee had the scop
27、e to range widely, but chose to become entangled in the dispute between the Government and the BBC. The Intelligence Committee reached the conclusion that the Governments file on Saddams weapons was not mixed up, but failed to explain why the intelligence was so hopelessly wrong. The Hutton inquiry
28、is investigating the death of Dr. David Kelly, a personal tragedy of marginal relevance to the war against Iraq.Tony Blair has still to come under close examination about his conduct in the building-up to war. Instead, the Defence Secretary, Geoff Hoon, is being fingered as if he were master-minding
29、 the war behind everyones backs from the Ministry of Defence. Mr. Hoon is not a minister who dares to think without consulting Downing Street first. At all times he would have been dancing to Downing Streets tunes, Mr. Blair would be wrong to assume that he can draw a line under all of this by makin
30、g Mr.Hoon the fall-guy. It was Mr. Blair who decided to take Britain to war, and a Cabinet of largely skeptical ministers that backed him. It was Mr. Blair who told MPs that unless Saddam was removed, terrorists would pose a greater global threat-even though he had received intelligence that suggest
31、ed a war would lead to an increase in terrorism.Parliament should be the forum in which the Prime Minister is called more fully to account, but lain Duncan Smiths support for the war has neutered an already inept opposition. In the absence of proper parliamentary scrutiny, it is left to newspapers l
32、ike this one to keep asking the most important questions until the Prime Minister answers them.（分数：10.00）(1).We learn from the first two paragraphs that（分数：2.00）A.the evidence should have been made available to the Parliament.B.the necessity of war has been exaggerated by the Committee.C.Blair had p
33、urposely ignored some of the intelligence he received.D.it was The Independent that first revealed the intelligence.(2).The author thinks that the Hutton enquiry is（分数：2.00）A.also beside the mark.B.hopelessly wrong.C.illuminating in its way.D.wide in scope(3).By “chose to become entangled“ (Line 3,
34、Para. 3), the author implies that（分数：2.00）A.the dispute between the Government and the BBC was unnecessary.B.the Foreign Affairs Committee had mixed up the argument.C.it was entirely wrong to carry out such investigations.D.the Intelligence Committee shouldnt mix up with the affair.(4).It can be lea
35、rned from Paragraph 4 that（分数：2.00）A.most ministers were suspicious of Hoons conduct.B.Hoon will not do anything without consulting Blair.C.Blair should not divert his responsibility to his Cabinet.D.MPs think that it is Blair who drags the country into the war.(5).What is the authors attitude towar
36、ds the Parliament?（分数：2.00）A.Indignant.B.Skeptical.C.Inquisitive.D.Critical.BText 3/BScholastic thinkers held a wide variety of doctrines in both philosophy and theology, the study of religion. What gives unity to the whole Scholastic movement, the academic practice in Europe from the 9th to the 17t
37、h centuries, are the common aims, attitudes, and methods generally accepted by all its members. The chief concern of the Scholastics was net to discover new facts but to integrate the knowledge already acquired separately by Greek reasoning and Christian revelation. This concern is one of the most c
38、haracteristic differences between Scholasticism and modern thought since the Renaissance.The basic aim of the Scholastics determined certain common attitudes, the most important of which was their conviction of the fundamental harmony between reason and revelation. The Scholastics maintained that be
39、cause the same God was the source of both types of knowledge and truth was one of his chief attributes, he could not contradict himself in these two ways of speaking. Any apparent opposition between revelation and reason could be traced either to an incorrect use of reason or to an inaccurate interp
40、retation of the words of revelation. Because the Scholastics believed that revelation was the direct teaching of God, it possessed for them a higher degree of truth and certainty than did natural reason. In apparent conflicts between religious faith and philosophic reasoning, faith was thus always t
41、he supreme arbiter; the theologians decision overruled that of the philosopher. After the early 13th century, Scholastic thought emphasized more the independence of philosophy within its own domain. Nonetheless, throughout the Scholastic period, philosophy was called the servant of theology, not onl
42、y because the truth of philosophy was subordinated to that of theology, but also because the theologian used philosophy to understand and explain revelation.This attitude of Scholasticism stands in sharp contrast to the so-called double-truth theory of the Spanish Arab philosopher and physician Aver
43、roes. His theory assumed that truth was accessible to both philosophy and Islamic theology but that only philosophy could attain it perfectly. The so-called truths of theology served, hence, as imperfect imaginative expressions for the common people of the authentic truth accessible only to philosop
44、hy. Averroes maintained that philosophic truth could even contradict, at least verbally, the teachings of Islamic theology.As a result of their belief in the harmony between faith and reason, the Scholastics attempted to determine the precise scope and competence of each of these faculties. Many ear
45、ly Scholastics, such as the Italian ecclesiastic and philosopher St. Anselm, did not clearly distinguish the two and were overconfident that reason could prove certain doctrines of revelation. Later, at the height of the mature period of Scholasticism, the Italian theologian and philosopher St. Thom
46、as Aquinas worked out a balance between reason and revelation.（分数：10.00）(1).With the Scholastics, the search for new knowledge（分数：2.00）A.stopped completely,B.sped down.C.advanced rapidly.D.awaked gradually.(2).Which of the following best illustrate the relation between reason and revelation?（分数：2.00
47、）A.They are simply identical.B.Revelation guides reason.C.They are occasionally contradictory.D.Reason is used to perfect revelation.(3).It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 of the text that（分数：2.00）A.the position of philosophy as a humble servant was accepted.B.religion had turn into a hamper to the
48、 functioning of philosophy.C.philosophers often quoted revelation to support themselves.D.philosophers were sometimes referred to in religious practice.(4).Averroes held that（分数：2.00）A.Islamic theology was often subordinate to philosophy.B.religious truth was nothing but imaginative fantasy.C.real t
49、ruth was inaccessible to many common people.D.imperfect expressions were result of flawed religion.(5).Which of the following is most likely to be discussed in the part succeeding this text?（分数：2.00）A.Relations of St. T. Aquinass achievements to previous efforts.B.How St. T. Aquinas worked out in the balance in discussion.C.Other endeavors on the relati
