1、考研英语-29 及答案解析(总分：90.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The effect of the baby boom on the schools helped to make possible a shift in thinking about the role of public education in the 1920s. In the 1920s, but especiallyU U 1 /U /Uthe Depression of the 1930s, the United States experienced
2、aU U 2 /U /Ubirth rate. Then with the prosperityU U 3 /U /Uon by the Second World War and the economic boom that followed it, young people married andU U 4 /U /Uhouseholds earlier and began toU U 5 /U /Ularger families than had theirU U 6 /U /Uduring the Depression. Birth rates rose to 102 per thous
3、and in 1946, 106.2 in 1950, and 118 in 1955.U U 7 /U /Ueconomics was probably the most importantU U 8 /U /U, it is not the only explanation for the baby boom. The increased value placedU U 9 /U /Uthe idea of the family also helps toU U 10 /U /Uthis rise in birth rates. The baby boomers began streami
4、ngU U 11 /U /Uthe first grade by the mid-1940s and became aU U 12 /U /Uby 1950. The public school system suddenly found itselfU U 13 /U /UThe wartime economy meant that few new schools were buih between 1940 and 1945.U U 14 /U /U, large numbers of teachers left their profession during that period fo
5、r better-paying jobs elsewhere.U U 15 /U /U, in the 1950s, the baby boom hit an antiquated and inadequate school system. Consequently, the custodial rhetoric of the 1930s no longer madeU U 16 /U /U; keeping youths ages sixteen and older out of the labor market by keeping them in school could no long
6、er be a highU U 17 /U /Ufor an institution unable to find space and staff to teach younger children. With the baby boom, the focus of educatorsU U 18 /U /Uturned toward the lower grades and back to basic academic skills andU U 19 /U /U. The system no longer had muchU U 20 /U /Uin offering nontraditi
7、onal, new, and extra services to older youths.（分数：10.00）(1). A. in B. for C. at D. on（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2). A. accelerating B. strengthening C. declining D. fluctuating（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3). A. took B. produced C. brought D. carried（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4). A. adopted B. incorporated C. administered D. es
8、tablished（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5). A. increase B. raise C. erect D. generate（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6). A. predecessors B. successors C. processors D. oppressors（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7). A. Since B. Despite C. Although D. Unless（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8). A. tenant B. determinant C. lubricant D. repentant（分数：0.50）A.B.C
9、.D.(9). A. at B. on C. for D. with（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10). A. demonstrate B. interpret C. exhibit D. explain（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11). A. through B. across C. into D. towards（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12). A. creek B. flood C. bonus D. pledge（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13). A. overtaxed B. overdosed C. overweighed D. overla
10、pped（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14). A. Moreover B. However C. Otherwise D. Thus（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15). A. Nevertheless B. Therefore C. Furthermore D. Hence fore（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16). A. sense B. meaning C. sensible D. meaningful（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17). A. notoriety B. compatibility C. proximity D. priority（分数：0
11、.50）A.B.C.D.(18). A. refutably B. indispensably C. inevitably D. respectively（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19). A. conference B. symposium C. seminar D. discipline（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20). A. ability B. advantage C. benefit D. interest（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、BSection Readi(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、BPart A/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、BTex
12、t 1/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The Catholic Church is changing in America at its most visible point: the parish church where believers pray, sing and clasp hands across pews to share the peace of God. Today there are fewer parishes and fewer priests than in 1990 and fewer of the nations 65 million Catholics i
13、n those pews. And theres no sign of return.Some blame the explosive 2002 clergy sexual abuse scandal and its financial price tag. But a study of 176 Roman Catholic dioceses shows no statistically significant link between the decline in priests and parishes and the $ 772 million the church has spent
14、to date on dealing with the scandal.Rather, the changes are driven by a constellation of factors:Catholics are moving from cities in the Northeast and Midwest to the suburbs, South and Southwest.For decades, so few men have become priests that one in five dioceses now cant put a priest in every pari
15、sh.Mass attendance has fallen as each generation has become less religiously observant.Bishops-trained to bless, not to budget-lack the managerial skills to govern multimillion-dollar institutions.All these trends had begun years before the scandal piled on financial pressures to cover settlements,
16、legal costs, care and counseling for victims and abusers. The Archdiocese of Boston, epicenter of the crisis, sold chancery property to cover $ 85 million in settlements last year, and this year will close 67 churches and recast 16 others as new parishes or worship sites without a full-time priest.
17、Archbishop Sean OMalley has said the crisis and the Ureconfiguration plan/U are “in no way“ related. He cites demographic shifts, the priest shortage and aging, crumbling buildings too costly to keep up. Fargo, N. D. , which spent $ 821,000 on the abuse crisis, will close 23 parishes, but its becaus
18、e the diocese is short of more than 50 priests for its 158 parishes, some with fewer than a dozen families attending Mass.They know how this eels in Milwaukee. That archdiocese shuttered about one in five parishes from 1995 to 2003. The city consolidations “gave some people who had been driving back
19、 into the city from new homes in the suburbs a chance to say they had no loyalty to a new parish and begin going to one near their home, says Noreen Welte, director of parish planning for the Milwaukee Archdiocese. “It gave some people who already were mad at the church for one reason or another an
20、excuse to stop going altogether. “（分数：10.00）(1).The relationship between the first two paragraphs can be described as A. the Catholic Church of the past compared with that of today. B. the problem with the Catholic Church revealed and explained. C. the reform of the catholic Church argued for and ag
21、ainst. D. the practice of the Catholic Church introduced and condemned.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Attendance of the Church has declined because A. there are fewer parishes and priests now. B. few Catholics observe religious rules. C. people are losing enthusiasm for religion. D. the financial pressures ar
22、e overwhelming.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The “reconfiguration plan“(Para. 4) probably refers to A. selling the Church property. B. covering the cost of settlements. C. shutting and remolding churches. D. keeping up crumbling buildings.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Noreen Welte seems to suggest that some people A.
23、 had difficulty adopting a new parish. B. preferred to go to the church near their home. C. disliked the church for several reasons. D. meant to escape the church.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following reflects the change of Catholic Church? A. Fewer prayers in the church. B. Fewer pews in the
24、parish. C. Fewer Catholics in America. D. Fewer signs in the peace of God.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、BText 2/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Under pressure from animal welfare groups, two national science teachers associations have adopted guidelines that ban classroom experiments harming animals. The National Association
25、 of Biology Teachers and the National Science Teachers Association hope to end animal abuse in elementary and secondary schools and, in turn, discourage students from mishandling animals in home experiments and science fair projects.Animal welfare groups are apparently most concerned with high schoo
26、l students experimenting with animals in extracurricular projects. Barbara Orlans, President of the Scientists Center for Animal Welfare, said that students have been performing surgery at random, testing known poisonous substances, and running other pathology experiments on animals without even kno
27、wing normal physiology.At one science fair, a student cut off the leg and tail of a lizard to demonstrate that only the tail can regenerate, she said. In another case, a student bound sparrows, starved them and observed their behavior.“The amount of abuse has been quite horrifying,“ Orlans said.Admi
28、nistrators of major science fairs are short-tempered over the teachers policy change and the impression it has created. “The teachers were sold a bill of goods by Barbara Ortans,“ said Thurman Grafton, who heads the rules committee for the International Science and Engineering Fair. “Backyard tablet
29、op surgery is just nonsense. The new policies throw cold water on students inquisitiveness,“ he said.Grafton said he wouldnt deny that there hasnt been animal abuse among projects at the international fair, but he added that judges reject contestants who have unnecessarily injured animals. The judge
30、s have a hard time monitoring local and regional fairs that may or may not choose to comply with the international fairs rules that stress proper care of animals, Grafton said.He said that several years ago, the Westinghouse Science Talent Search banned harmful experiments to animals when sponsors t
31、hreatened to cancel their support after animal welfare groups lobbied for change.The teachers adopted the new policies also to fend off proposed legislation-in states including Missouri and New York-that would restrict or prohibit experiments on animals.Officials of the two teachers organizations sa
32、y that they dont know how many animals have been abused in the classroom. On the one hand, many biology teachers are not trained in the proper care of animals, said Wayne Moyer, executive director of the biology teachers association. On the other, the use of animals in experiments has dropped in rec
33、ent years because of school budget cuts. The association may set up seminars to teach better animal care to its members. (414 words)BNotes:/B pathology 病理学。lizard 蜥蜴。tabletop 桌面。short-tempered 脾气急躁的。lobby for 游说支持。fend off 躲开。（分数：10.00）(1).The title which best expresses the content of the text is A.
34、 Science Teachers to Ban Testing Harmful to Animals. B. Teachers Policy Change in Experiment on Animals. C. The New Policies of Banning Harmful Experiments to Animals. D. The Importance of Prohibiting Harmful Experiments on Animals.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the text, animal welfare groups ha
35、ve succeeded in A. stopping all animal abuse in schools. B. establishing guidelines that ban classroom experiments harming animals. C. protecting animals from being experimented with in extracurricular projects. D. persuading two national science teachers associations to adopt an animal protection p
36、olicy.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Thurman Grafton suggests that A. animal abuse is horrible and should be terminated. B. the teachers have been compelled to do all animal experiments. C. prohibition of experiments on animals will discourage students from being curious. D. the international science and Engi
37、neering Fair will cease to operate because of the new policies.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).It can be learned from the text that the teachers ban harmful experiments to animals in order to A. maintain ecological balance. B. please animal welfare groups. C. get financial support from their sponsors. D. prote
38、ct necessary harmless experiments on animals.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).It is suggested toward the end of the text that A. the seriousness of animal abuse in the classroom is unknown. B. training teachers in animal care may contribute to reducing animal abuse. C. fewer animals have been used in experiment
39、s in recent years. D. many biology teachers are not trained in proper care of animal.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、BText 3/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Africas elephants are divided between the savannahs of eastern and southern Africa and the forests of central Africa. Some biologists reckon the forest ones-smaller, with
40、shorter, straighter tusks-may even constitute a distinct species. But not for long, at the latest rate of poaching. The high price of ivory is increasing the incentive to kill elephants everywhere in Africa, and especially in places where there is virtually no law. The latest reports suggest that th
41、e forest elephant population is collapsing on the back of rising Chinese demand for ivory. Some conservationists argue that a recent decision by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) to auction 108 tonnes of stockpiled ivory from southern Africa may be prompting more po
42、aching in central and eastern Africa, as criminals seek to mix illicit ivory in with the legitimate kind. But some economists maintain that the legitimate sale of ivory lowers prices, thus decreasing the incentive to poach. A study of a previous sale of ivory suggested it did not lead to more intens
43、ive poaching. Either way, the Congo basin is “ hemorrhaging elephants “, says TRAFFIC, which monitors trade in wildlife. The head of the 790,000-hectare (1,952,000-acre) Virunga National Park in eastern Congo, Emmanuel de Merode, reports that 24 elephants have been poached in his park so far this ye
44、ar. The situation is dire: 2,900 elephants roamed Virunga when Congo became independent in 1964,400 in 2006, and fewer than 200 today. Most have been poached by militias, particularly Hutu rebels from Rwanda who hack off the ivory and sell it to middlemen in Kinshasa, Congos capital, who then smuggl
45、e it to China. Once ivory has left its country of origin, and if it is not seized by customs officials, it can be hard to identify its source and those responsible for acquiring it. But forensic help may be at hand. Scientists from the University of Washington are using genetic markers in elephant d
46、ung to identify exactly where ivory has been poached. This should help governments in countries such as Tanzania and Zambia, which are capable of catching poachers, but not in anarchic eastern Congo, where 120-odd rangers have been killed in Virunga in recent years trying to protect elephants and go
47、rillas. With an influx of businessmen and other officials from China engaged in infrastructure projects such as road building and logging, the slaughter is expected to accelerate. Forest elephants may survive in large numbers only in remote protected pockets of the Congo basin, such as the Odzala-Koukoua National Park in Congo-Brazzaville and Minkebe National Park in northeast Gabon.（分数：10.00）(1).Why those elephants dwell in forests may be a distinct species? A. Biological evidences are insufficient to support this point of view. B. The high price of ivory e
