1、考研英语-294 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BDirections: /BRead the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)During recent years we have heard much about “race“: how this race does certain things and t
2、hat race believes certain things and so on. Yet, theU (1) /Uphenomenon of race consists of a few surface indications.We judge race usuallyU (2) /Uthe coloring of the skin: a white race, a brown race, a yellow race and a black race. ButU (3) /Uyou were to remove the skin you could notU (4) /Uanything
3、 about the race to which the individual belonged. There isU (5) /Uin physical structure, the brain or the internal organs toU (6) /Ua difference.There are four types of blood.U (7) /Utypes are found in every race, and no type is distinct to any race. Human brains are theU (8) /U. No scientists could
4、 examine a brain and tell you the race to which the individual belonged. Brains winU (9) /Uin size, but this occurs within every race.U (10) /Udoes size have anything to do with intelligence. The largest brainU (11) /Uexamined belonged to a person of weakU (12) /U. On the other hand, some of our mos
5、t distinguished people have hadU (13) /Ubrains.Mental tests which are reasonablyU (14) /Ushow no differences in intelligence between races. High and low test results both can be recorded by different members of any race.U (15) /Uequal educational advantages, there will be no difference in average st
6、andings, either on account of race or geographical location. Individuals of every raceU (16) /Ucivilization to go backward or forward. Training and education can change the response of groups of people,U (17) /Uenable them to behave in aU (18) /Uway.The behavior and ideals of people change according
7、 to circumstances, but they can always go back or go on to something newU (19) /Uis better and higher than anythingU (20) /Uthe past.（分数：10.00）A.completeB.fullC.totalD.wholeA.inB.fromC.atD.onA.sinceB.ifC.asD.whileA.speakB.talkC.tellD.mentionA.somethingB.everythingC.nothingD.anythingA.displayB.indica
8、teC.demonstrateD.appearA.AllB.MostC.NoD.SameA.sameB.identicalC.similarD.alikeA.remainB.increaseC.decreaseD.varyA.OnlyB.OrC.NorD.SoA.everB.thenC.neverD.onceA.healthB.bodyC.mindD.thought .A.bigB.smallC.minorD.majorA.trueB.exactC.certainD.accurateA.ProvidedB.ConcerningC.GivenD.FollowingA.makeB.causeC.m
9、oveD.turnA.andB.butC.thoughD.soA.ordinaryB.peculiarC.usualD.commonA.thatB.whatC.whicheverD.whateverA.forB.toC.withinD.in二、BSection Readi(总题数：6，分数：60.00)BPart A/BBDirections:/B Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SH
10、EET 1. (40 points)BText 1/BI dont know if theres something in the water, but my town has exploded with tons of single people! Just last year, practically the only eligibles I knew were my divorced friend Patti, my bud Fulgencio, hubby Ricks barfly pat Craig, and Jimmy the pizza delivery guy. But now
11、, I find-out that my cousin Michelle is leaving her second husband, and a recent chit-chat with my buildings manager Sandy revealed that she hasnt had a serious relationship in almost five years! Besides that, at least five suspected singletons have moved into my building since June. Five!For an inc
12、urable romantic like me, this is heartbreaking. People are meant to have sweeties! I feel so sorry for single people. How can they bear going through life alone? I know a lot of them put up. that “independent“ front, or use that “Im just waiting for the right person“ defense, but theyre kidding them
13、selves. Why would anyone turn up her nose at the prospect of a beautiful wedding, a gorgeous bridal gown, and a stunning rock on her finger? She wouldnt. Why would anyone shake a stick at a warm dinner every night, a comfortable home, and a beautiful bride? It just isnt rational. And I dont like to
14、be harsh, but frankly, its depressing to see singles out in public. When I see a girl shopping for groceries by herself, or a solitary guy reading while he waits for a bus, I cant help but sense the hollowness that single person feels inside. Im partially psychic, so Im aware of other peoples inner
15、feelings.Well, this Valentines Day, Im not going to be selfish. People like me, people in successful, lasting relationships, are duty-bound to share their romantic wisdom with the less fortunate. Granted, its been a while since Ive been on the dating Scene, so my chops are a bit rusty. In fact, hubb
16、y Rick is just about the only guy Ive ever dated (Unless you count my pick for the Sadie Hawkins dance in seventh grade, Jordy DeVoe, who ditched me after about 15 minutes. Or this Oriental kid named Thant who wrapped love notes around lunchroom cookies and slipped them into my locker in ninth grade
17、.) But Rick and I have been married nearly 20 years, so I must be doing something right. Dry those tears, Singletons! Pull your-selves together and listen to Wifey Jean. If you follow my advice, Ill bet you dollars to donuts that youll find your Prince Charming, or Princess Enchanting, in no time!（分
18、数：10.00）(1).What does the author mean by “I dont know if there is something in the water“ (Line 1. Paragraph 1)?（分数：2.00）A.She is not sure whether her water is too dirty to drink.B.She is not sure whether something is wrong in the water system.C.She is not sure why being single is so pervasive in he
19、r town.D.She is not sure why single people move to her town.(2).The examples of her cousin Michelle and the buildings manager are used to show（分数：2.00）A.many people choose divorce to solve their emotional problems.B.women are not satisfied with their marriage:C.many people are not confident in serio
20、us relationships.D.more people are becoming loveless singles.(3).What does the author think of those single people?（分数：2.00）A.They are using excuses to cheat themselves.B.They should be sorry for being single.C.They dont like weddings, because they are expensive.D.They reject staying in a comfortabl
21、e home with a beautiful bride.(4).Why does the author want to share her “romantic wisdom“ with the singletons?（分数：2.00）A.She wants to give it to the singletons as a Valentine Gift.B.She thinks it is her responsibility to help them.C.She feels that she has been very selfish before.D.She wants to revi
22、ve her feelings of dating a long time ago.(5).From the text we can tell that the author is a very _ person.（分数：2.00）A.hospitable and kindB.clever and faithfulC.sensitive and caringD.unselfish and tactfulBText 2/BGenghis Khan was not one to agonize over gender roles. He was into sex and power, and he
23、 didnt mind saying so. “The greatest joy a man can know is to conquer his enemies and drive them before him.“ The emperor once thundered. Genghis Khan conquered two thirds of the known world during the early 13th century and he may have set an all-time record for what biologists call reproductive su
24、ccess. An account written 33 years after his death credited him with 20,000 descendants.Mens manners have improved markedly since Genghis Khans day. At heart, though, were the same animals we were 800 years ago, which is to say we are status seekers. We may talk of equality and fraternity. We may st
25、rive for classless societies. But we go right on building hierarchies, and jockeying for status within them. Can we abandon the tendency? Probably not. As scientists are now discovering, status seeking is not just a habit or a cultural tradition. Its a design feature of the male psyche-a biological
26、drive that is rooted in the nervous system and regulated by hormones and brain chemicals.How do we know this relentless one-upmanship is a biological endowment? Anthropologists find the same pattern virtually everywhere they 10ok and so do zoologists. Male competition is fierce among crickets, crayf
27、ish and elephants, and its ubiquitous among higher primates, for example, male chimpanzees have an extraordinarily strong drive for dominance. Coincidence?Evolutionists dont think so. From their perspective, life is essentially a race to repro-duke, and natural selection is bound to favor different
28、strategies in different organisms. In reproductive terms, they have vastly more to gain from it. A female cant flood the gene pool by commandeering extra mates; no matter how much sperm she attracts, she is unlikely to produce more than a dozen viable offspring. But as Genghis Khans exploits make cl
29、ear, males can profit enormously by out mating their peers. Its not hard to see how that dynamic, played out over millions of years, would leave modern men fretting over status. Were built from the genes that the most determined competitors passed down.Fortunately, we dont aspire to families of 800.
30、 As monogamy and contraceptives may have leveled the reproductive playfield, power has become its own psychological reward. Those who achieve high status still enjoy more sex with more partners than the rest of us, and the reason is no mystery. Researchers have consistently found that women favor si
31、gns of “earning capacity“ over good looks. For sheer sex appeal, a doughy (脸色苍白的) bald guy in a Rolex will outscore a stud (非常英俊的男子) in a Burger King uniform almost every time.（分数：10.00）(1).Genghis Khan is mentioned in the text to show（分数：2.00）A.that he is a man who enjoys great victory m possessing
32、 land.B.the astonishing number of his offspring in the world.C.how cruel and arrogant an emperor can be in the past.D.males have a long history of craving for power.(2).By saying “At heart, though, were the same animals we were 800 years ago. the author means that（分数：2.00）A.males have not changed a
33、lot in their pursuit of status.B.males are always willing to conquer large areas of land.C.males are still striving hard for equality and classless societies.D.males are still agonizing over their gender roles.(3).It can be inferred from the third paragraph that（分数：2.00）A.men are the only animals st
34、riving for control.B.chimpanzees are even more fierce in their strive for dominance.C.all mate animals share the same desire for higher status.D.males of lower primates do not have fierce competition.(4).The reason underlying male dominance tendency in evolution terms seems to be closely related to（
35、分数：2.00）A.the biological differences of organisms.B.the availability of large number of females.C.the mating patterns of females.D.the natural desire to produce offspring.(5).Why a doughy bald guy in a blue blazer and a Rolex will outscore a handsome young man in a Burger King uniform?（分数：2.00）A.Bec
36、ause the bald guy in Rolex is more experienced than the stud in a Burger King uniform.B.Because women love fashionable bald guy more than a man wearing uniform.C.Because a doughy bald guy is more sexy to some women than a handsome young man.D.Because a Rolex represents larger earning capacity than a
37、 uniform.BText 3/BNo blueprint exists for transforming an economy from one with a great deal of government control to one based almost solely on free market principles. Yet the experience of the United Kingdom since 1979 clearly shows one approach that works: privatization, in which under-performing
38、 state-owned are sold to private companies.By 1979, the total amount of debt, liabilities, and losses for state-controlled enterprises in the UK topped 3 billion annually. By selling off many of these companies, particularly those in the depressed industrial sector, the government decreased its debt
39、 burden and ceased pumping public funds into money losing enterprises. According to government spokesperson Alistair McBride, “Far from past practice of throwing good money after bad, the Queens government this year expects to take in 34 billion from the proceeds of the sale.“ That, say some analyst
40、s, may only be the beginning. Privatization has not only been credited with rescuing whole industries but the nations economy to boot.Due to increased tax revenues from the newly privatized companies along with a rebound in the overall economy, economic forecasters predict that Britain will be able
41、to repay nearly 12.5% of the net national debt within two years. That is good news indeed for the economy as a whole at a time when many sectors are desperate for any ray of sunshine. British Airways this week announced a 20% jump in overall ticket sales and profits over this quarter a year ago. Bri
42、tish Gas announced its first profitable quarter in nine years. At Associated British Ports, a new labor contract was finalized, the first union contract signed at the port without a work stoppage in twelve years. Closer to home for most Britons, the nations phone service, British Telecom, no longer
43、puts new subscribers on a waiting list. Prior to privatization, new customers would sometimes have to wait months before phone service could be installed in their home. Now, according to a company press release, British Telecom is promising 24-hour turnaround for all new customers.Part of this impro
44、ved productivity has to do with new efforts to allow employees to hold a stake in the companys future. Companies now give their employees stock options that allow employees to share in the companys success (and profits). The response has been enthusiastic to say the least. At British Aerospace; 89%
45、of those eligible to buy company shares did so. At British Telecom nearly 92% of eligible employees took part. Finally, at Associated British Ports, long synonymous with union disagreements, walkouts, and labor strife, almost 90% of employees now can call themselves owners of the company.“When peopl
46、e have a personal stake in something,“ said Henry Dundee of Associated British Ports, “they think about it, they care about, they work to make it prosper.“ At the National Freight Consortium, itself no stranger to labor problems, the new employee-owners actually voted down an employee pay-increase a
47、nd, pressured union representatives to relax demands for increased wages and expanded benefits. “Privatization was only the start,“ says one market analyst, “what we may have here is a new industrial revolution.“（分数：10.00）(1).UKs experience in 1979 demonstrates that（分数：2.00）A.government control can
48、be based on free market principles.B.privatization is the only way out for UKs economic development.C.state-owned enterprises can benefit a lot from privatization.D.a major transformation in economic system is feasible.(2).By selling off state-owned enterprises the government will be able to do the
49、following EXCEPT（分数：2.00）A.repay some of its huge national debts and liabilities.B.stop investing public funds into enterprises.C.harvest a big amount of tax revenue.D.help some depressed industrial sectors to recover.(3).The example of British Telecom and many other companies are mentioned in Paragraph 3 to（分数：2.00）A.demonstra
