1、考研英语-284 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BDirections:/BRead the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. In recent years a new farming revolution has begun, one that involves theU (1) /Uof life at a fundamenta
2、l level-the gene. The study of genetics hasU (2) /Ua new industry called biotechnology. As the name suggests, itU (3) /Ubiology and modern technology through such techniques as genetic engineering. Some of the new biotech companies specialize in agriculture and are working feverishly toU (4) /Useeds
3、 that give a high yield, thatU (5) /Udisease, drought and frost, and that reduce the need forU (6) /Uchemicals. If such goals could be achieved, it would be mostU (7) /U. But some have raised concerns about genetically engineered crops.In nature, genetic diversity is created within certainU (8) /U.
4、A rose can be crossed with a different kind of rose, but a rose will never cross with a potato. Genetic engineeringU (9) /Uusually involves taking genes from one species and inserting them into anotherU (10) /Uto transfer a desired characteristic. This could mean, for example, selecting a gene which
5、 leads to the production of a chemical with anti-freezeU (11) /Ufrom an arctic fish, and inserting it into a potato or strawberry to make it frost-resistant.U (12) /U, then, biotechnology allows humans toU (13) /Uthe genetic walls that separate species.Like the green revolution,U (14) /Usome call th
6、e gene revolution contributes to the problem of genetic uniformity-some say even moreU (15) /Ugeneticists can employ techniques such as cloning andU (16) /Uculture, processes that produce perfectlyU (17) /Ucopies. Concerns about the erosion of biodiversity, therefore, remain. Genetically altered pla
7、nts, however, raise newU (18) /U, such as the effect they may have on us and environment. “.We are flying blindly into a newU (19) /Uof agricultural biotechnology with high hopes, few constraints and little idea of the potentialU (20) /U,“ said science writer Jemery Rifkin.（分数：10.00）A.manipulationB.
8、managementC.manufacturerD.maturityA.got along withB.given rise toC.come up withD.lived up toA.broodsB.bleedsC.blendsD.blastsA.hatchB.trainC.duplicateD.patentA.restrictB.resistC.reverseD.retrieveA.hostileB.hydraulicC.hazardousD.harmlessA.beneficialB.disappointingC.surprisingD.extremeA.linesB.limitsC.
9、spaceD.agesA.after allB.on the other handC.in any caseD.as a resultA.to the pointB.in not caseC.in any attemptD.with regardA.qualityB.propertyC.priorityD.quantityA.In essenceB.In partC.In advanceD.In returnA.brakeB.blazeC.breachD.brandA.whatB.asC.whereD.soA.so thatB.becauseC.ifD.whenA.skinB.tissueC.
10、organD.muscleA.resemblingB.likeC.similarD.identicalA.issuesB.heightC.difficultiesD.goalsA.spotB.eraC.deadlineD.schemeA.navigationB.mysteryC.outcomeD.destination二、BSection Readi(总题数：4，分数：40.00)BPart A/BBDirections:/BRead the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B,
11、 C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. BText 1/BThe biggest demonstration in a generation is being assembled by mobilizing the power of the web, which allows anti-war groups to rally multitudes at the click of a mouse. Cornish speakers for peace can share ideas by e-mail with Rhodes Scholars
12、Against the War while taking into account the sensitivities of the Young Muslim Sisters. Footsore ban-the-bomb veterans such as Tony Myers of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, busily preparing yesterday for the mass protest, can only marvel at the power of the net.“Its made a massive difference,
13、“ he said. “Back in the 1980s when we were trying to organize huge demos it was all about going to meetings and sending mail to regional people. I was a volunteer before the 1983 demonstration which attracted 400,000 marchers. The office was just awash with people printing things on old duplicators.
14、 People today feel more like they are part of a big movement. In the 1980s, we would read about demos all over the world a few days later in the newspapers. Now you know all the details in advance if you are on the e-mail list. The Stop the War Coalition needs only a handful of headquarters staff be
15、cause the website is a virtual campaign group in itself, complete with briefings, news, addresses and artwork.Childrens superior mastery of the internet is reflected in the proliferation of youth groups opposing war. The Woodcraft Folk (a sort of pacifist version of the Scouts) announce that they wi
16、ll be bringing an orange parachute on the march. The Engels-Marx Communist Party (slogan “Resist and Revolt“) is a group of pupils at a Leicester comprehensive school opposing the war. The entire country is covered from the Aberdeen Students Against War Society to Torbay Stop the War group.Anti-war
17、campaigners put leaflets, maps, posters and petitions on their websites for supporters to print, stick in their window or hand out at the march. Stop the War Coalition includes a direct- debit form which supporters can download and send to their bank manager to make donations.Message boards are fill
18、ed with anti-war protesters arguing their case. The issue is being exploited by the British National Party, which has posted a self-serving press release proclaiming support for the march because of their concerns over “the power of the Israeli lobby“. Anti-war individuals have been e-mailing friend
19、s with songs for the march, one to the tune of If Youre Happy and You Know It. The internet was created in the 1960s partly by the Advanced Research Project Agency of the US Department of Defense. It is widely said to have been created in order to send military messages after an atomic war.（分数：10.00
20、）(1).The example in the first paragraph is used to show the demonstrators _.（分数：2.00）A.share the similar goals with one anotherB.need to compromise with one anotherC.can not really co-operate due to geographic isolationsD.get in touch with one other easily on internet(2).We can know from the passage
21、 that in the 1980s, _.（分数：2.00）A.it was impossible to organize any demonstration of large scale at allB.people at that time did not feel that they were a part of any big movementC.all the people involved in the organizing work were volunteersD.reports about demonstrations can only be read several da
22、ys after(3).What is the main idea of paragraph 3 ?（分数：2.00）A.Anti-war movements bring about negative influence to children.B.Children should be forbidden from participating in anti-war movements.C.Children are also important participants, in internet anti-war movements.D.Children can improve their c
23、omputer literacy in anti-war movements.(4).In the authors opinion, the British National Party _.（分数：2.00）A.always supports anti-war movements of any kindB.concerns about the interests of Israeli groupsC.cares about its own interests when supporting the marchD.has done a lot of research in the filed
24、of internet anti-war movement(5).Which one of the following is the best title for the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Protesters Use Intenet as Weapon to Stop a WarB.Civil War on the IntenetC.Internet Prevents Anti-War MovementD.A Call for Intenet War against TerrorismBText 2/BA Umandatory/U traceability system
25、in the United States would help improve the safety of food, such as produce, a health official told lawmakers on Wednesday, and three weeks after the government declared an end to the worst foodborne outbreak in a decade. In the past, some produce firms, including many in the tomato industry, use vo
26、luntary traceability programs but their approaches vary.Lawmakers said a mandatory program was overdue, and would help U.S. regulators improve safety and restore consumer confidence in food following a series of foodborne outbreaks since 2006.“It is the system that is broken,“ said Rep. Rosa DeLauro
27、, chair of the House Appropriations subcommittee on agriculture. “You still do not have mandatory traceability, mandatory performance standards. You are looking for a needle in a haystack.“ Regulators struggled to pinpoint the source of an outbreak of Salmonella St. Paul earlier this year that sicke
28、ned more than 1,400 people and put 286 in the hospital. They initially focused on tomatoes before shifting their attention to peppers. The slow pace of the investigation, which later traced the Salmonella strain to jalapeno and serrano peppers from Mexico, has renewed calls for greater monitoring of
29、 fresh fruits and vegetables and a national system to track produce.The Bioterrorism Act of 2002 requires produce processors and distributors to keep track of where food goes and where it came from. This does not include restaurants and farms. “We are going clown a road of examining what is going to
30、 work,“ said David Acheson, the Food and Drug Administrations associate commissioner for food protection. He told the subcommittee a mandatory program “would have an impact.“ Acheson said FDA does not believe it has explicit authority to mandate a tracking system.The Salmonella outbreak was the late
31、st health scare since 2006. The incidents, involving lettuce, peanut butter, pot pies and spinach, have resulted in dozens of hearings and proposals seeking tougher U.S. safety standards. The latest proposal, which DeLauro plans to introduce next week, would create a separate safety agency within th
32、e Department of Health and Human Services to handle all food safety issues currently administered by FDA In a briefing on food issues, the Grocery Manufacturers Association, which includes leading companies such as General Mills Inc and ConAgra Foods Inc, expressed doubt that food safety legislation
33、 would be passed this year.Prospects dim further next year with a new administration pursuing its own agenda and congress dealing with other issues including health care and transportation. “This may be our only window for some period of time to actually enact these important reforms,“ said Scott Fa
34、ber, a vice president at the Grocery Manufacturers. An estimated 76 million people in the United States get sick every year with foodborne illness and 5,000 die, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.（分数：10.00）(1).The word “mandatory“ most probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.compu
35、lsoryB.voluntaryC.recommendableD.improved(2).What do the lawmakers think about the mandatory program mentioned?（分数：2.00）A.It is too late.B.It is too early.C.It is of no use.D.It is complicated.(3).The example of an outbreak of Salmonella St. Paul is used to _.（分数：2.00）A.show how serious a public san
36、itary crisis can haveB.exemplify how the public investigations often shift their attentionsC.blame the slow pace of the investigationD.highlight the urgency of a national tracking system(4).What does David Acheson think about the mandatory program?（分数：2.00）A.He has some doubts about whether it will
37、have an impact.B.He thinks that restaurants and farms should also be included in the program.C.He thinks that PDA may not have the necessary administrative power.D.He worries that different apartments may compete with one another for authority.(5).What is the latest proposal mentioned in the last pa
38、ragraph?（分数：2.00）A.To give more severe punishment to those responsible for health scares.B.To create a new agency to handle food safety issues.C.To grant more administrative power to Food and Drug Administration.D.To keep a closer eye on the leading companies.BText 3/BIf men are from Mars and women
39、are from Venus, it may explain at least one of their shared beliefs: Men and women cant be real friends. Many may point to the jealousy that plagues many rational people when a significant other Ubefriends/U someone of the opposite sex. Boil it down to the inherent differences between the sexes. It
40、just cant be done. Is it right?Wrong, say relationship experts. “The belief that men and women cant be friends comes from another era in which women were at home and men were in the workplace, and the only way they could get together was for romance,“ explains Linda Sapadin, Ph. D, a psychologist in
41、 private practice in Valley Stream, New York. “Now they work together and have sports interests together and socialize together.“ This cultural shift is encouraging psychologists, sociologists and communications experts to put forth a new message: though it may be tricky, men and women can successfu
42、lly become close friends. Whats more, there are good reasons for them to do so.Society has long singled out romance as the prototypical male-female relationship because it spawns babies and keeps the life cycle going; cross-sex friendship, as researchers call it, has been either ignored or trivializ
43、ed. We have rules for how to act in romantic relationships (flirt, date, get married, have kids) and even same-sex friendships (boys relate by doing activities together, girls by talking and sharing). But there are so few platonic male-female friendships on display in our culture that were at a loss
44、 even to define these relationships.A certain 1989 film starring Meg Ryan and Billy Crystal convinced a nation of moviegoers that romance always comes between men and women, making true friendship impossible. “When Harry Met Sally set the potential for male-female friendship back about 25 years,“ sa
45、ys Michael Monsour, Ph. D., assistant professor of communications at the University of Colorado at Denver and author of Women and Men as Friends: Relationships across the Life Span in the 21st Century. “Almost every time you see a male-female friendship, it winds up turning into romance.“In 1989, Do
46、n OMeara, Ph. D., a sociology professor at the University of Cincinnati-Raymond Walters College, published a landmark study in the journal Sex Roles on the top impediments to cross-sex friendship. Among several challenges he pointed out in his research, society may not be entirely ready for friendsh
47、ips between men and women that have no sexual subtext. People with close friends of the opposite sex are often barraged with nudging, winking and skepticism: “Are you really just friends?“ This is especially true, says OMeara, of older adults, who grew up when men and women were off-limits to each o
48、ther until marriage.（分数：10.00）(1).What does the word “befriends“ (Line 3, Para. 1 ) most probably mean?（分数：2.00）A.Stop being friends with.B.Go on a date with.C.Become friends with.D.Have a fancy or particular liking or desire for.(2).What do some relationship experts think about male-female friendsh
49、ips?（分数：2.00）A.They can only be friends in the workplace.B.Their friendships would finally turn into romances.C.It is totally possible that friendships exist between males and females.D.Men and women cant be real friends.(3).According to paragraph 3, why is it difficult for men and women to become “just“ friends?（分数：2.00）A
