1、考研英语-264 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BDirections:/BRead the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.Many professions are associated with a particular stereotype. The classic U(1) /U of a writer, for exampl
2、e, is U(2) /U a slightly crazy-looking person,U (3) /U in an attic, writing away furiously for days U(4) /U end. Naturally, he has his favorite pen and note-paper, or a beat-up typewriter, U(5) /U which he could not produce a readable word.Nowadays, we know that such images bear little U(6) /U to re
3、ality. But are they completely U(7) /U? In the case of at least one writer, it would seem not. Dame Muriel Spark, who U(8) /U 80 in February, in many ways resembles this stereotypical “writer“. She is certainly not U(9) /U, and she doesnt work in an attic. But she is rather particular U(10) /U the t
4、ools of her trade.She insists on writing with a U(11) /U type of pen in a certain type of notebook, which she buys from a certain stationer in Edinburgh called James Thin. In fact, so U(12) /U is she that, if someone uses one of her pens by U(13) /U, she immediately throws it away. And she claims sh
5、e U(14) /U enormous difficulty writing in any notebook other than U(15) /U sold by James Thin. This could soon be a U(16) /U, as the shop no longer stocks them, U(17) /U Dame Muriels supply of 72-page spiral bound is nearly U(18) /U.As well as her “obsession“ about writing materials, Muriel Spark U(
6、19) /U one other characteristic with the stereotypical “writer“: her work is the most U(20) /U thing in her life. It has stopped her from marrying; cost her old friends and made her new ones, and driven her from London to New York to Rome. Today she lives in the Italian province of Tuscany with a fr
7、iend.（分数：10.00）A.drawingB.imageC.descriptionD.illustrationA.ofB.aboutC.forD.likeA.locksB.lockC.lockedD.lockingA.toB.onC.forD.atA.exceptB.besidesC.withD.withoutA.witnessB.testimonyC.relationshipD.resemblanceA.falseB.stupidC.trueD.faithfulA.agedB.grewC.turnedD.enteredA.enthusiasticB.emotionalC.furious
8、D.crazyA.withB.aboutC.toD.ofA.certainB.typicalC.strangeD.peculiarA.incredibleB.susceptibleC.superstitiousD.suspiciousA.mistakeB.errorC.accidenceD.chanceA.hasB.has hadC.will haveD.would haveA.thoseB.theseC.themD.theyA.defectB.problemC.meritD.virtueA.soB.thereforeC.andD.thusA.completedB.finishedC.stop
9、pedD.haltedA.possessB.haveC.holdD.shareA.importantB.urgentC.interestingD.pleasant二、BSection Readi(总题数：4，分数：40.00)BPart A/BBDirections:/BRead the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.BText 1/BIn most peoples mind, gro
10、wth is associated with prosperity. We judge how well the economy is doing by the size of the Gross National Product (GNP), a measure, supposedly, of growth. Equally axiomatic, however, is the notion that increased pressure on declining natural resources must inevitably lead to a decline in prosperit
11、y, especially when accompanied by a growth in population. So, which is correct?What growth advocates mean, primarily, when they say growth is necessary for prosperity is that growth is necessary for the smooth functioning of the economic system. In one field the argument in favor of growth is partic
12、ularly compelling and that is with regard to the Third World. To argue against growth in light of Third World poverty and degradation seems unsympathetic. But is it? Could it be that growth, especially the growth of the wealthier countries, has contributed to the impoverishment, not the advancement,
13、 of Third World countries? If not, how do we account for the desperate straits these countries find themselves in today after a century of dedication to growth?To see how this might be the case we must look at the impact of growth on Third World countriesthe reality, not the abstract stages-of-econo
14、mic-growth theory advocated through rose colored glasses by academicians of the developed world. What good is growth to the people of the Third World if it means the conversion of peasant farms into mechanized agri-businesses producing commodities not for local consumption but for export, if it mean
15、s the stripping of their land of its mineral and other natural treasures to the benefit of foreign investors and a handful of their local collaborators, if it means the assumption of a crushing foreign indebtedness?Admittedly, this is an oversimplification. But the point, I believe, remains valid: t
16、hat growth in underdeveloped countries cannot simply be judged in the abstract; it must be judged based on the true nature of growth in these societies, on who benefits and who is harmed, on where growth is leading these people and where it has left them. When considered in this way, it just might b
17、e that in the present context growth is more detrimental to the well-being of the wretched of the earth than beneficial.So, do we need growth for prosperity? Only the adoption of zero growth can provide the answer. But that is a test not easily undertaken. Modem economies are incredibly complex phen
18、omena, a tribute to mans ability to organize and a challenge to his ability to understand. Anything that affects their functioning, such as a policy of zero growth, should not be proposed without a wary carefulness and self-doubting humility. But if the prospect of leaping into the economic unknown
19、is fear-inspiring, equally so is the prospect of letting that fear prevent us from acting when the failure to act could mean untold misery for future generations and perhaps environmental disaster which threaten our very existence.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following statements does the author agree
20、 with?（分数：2.00）A.Gross National Product is a safe measure for economic growth.B.Increasing natural resources will bring social well-being.C.Prosperity decline mostly accompanied by population growth.D.Growth does not necessarily result in prosperity.(2).The author seem to believe that prosperity（分数：
21、2.00）A.wont be achieved without economic growth.B.can only be achieved with economic growth.C.can be achieved without the participation of the wealthy countries.D.will be achieved by selling farm produce in local market.(3).“through rose-colored glasses“ (Lines 23, Paragraph 3) means（分数：2.00）A.overo
22、ptimistically.B.romantically.C.purposelesslyD.shortsightedly.(4).The authors attitude towards the impact of growth on the current socio-economic situation is（分数：2.00）A.negative.B.positive.C.contradictory.D.uncertain.(5).We can learn from the last paragraph, zero growth（分数：2.00）A.will be attained thr
23、ough dramatic social changes.B.is the best policy in the long run.C.is worth trying though perhaps not safe.D.needs further consideration to determine its feasibility.BText 2/BIT is a startling claim, but one that Congresswoman Deborah Pryce uses to good effect: the equivalent of two classrooms full
24、 of children are diagnosed with cancer every day. Mrs Pryce lost her own 9-year-old daughter to cancer in 1999. Pediatric cancer remains a little-understood issue in America, where the health-care debate is consumed with the ills, pills and medical bills of the elderly.Cancer kills more children tha
25、n any other disease in America. Although there have been tremendous gains in cancer survival rates in recent decades, the proportion of children and teens diagnosed with different forms of the disease increased by almost a third between 1975 and 2001.Grisly though these statistics are, they are stil
26、l tiny when set beside the number of adult lives lost to breast cancer (41,000 each year) and lung cancer (164,000). Advocates for more money for child cancer prefer to look at life-years lost. The average age for cancer diagnosis in a young child is six, while the average adult is diagnosed in thei
27、r late 60s. Robert Arceci. a pediatric cancer expert at Johns Hopkins, points out that in terms of total life-years saved, the benefit from curing pediatric cancer victims is roughly the same as curing adults with breast cancer.There is an obvious element of special pleading in such calculations. Al
28、l the same, breast cancer has attracted a flurry of publicity, private fund-raising and money from government. Childhood cancer has received less attention and cash. Pediatric cancer, a term which covers people up to 20 years old, receives one-twentieth of the federal research money doled out by the
29、 National Cancer Institute. Funding, moan pediatric researchers, has not kept pace with rising costs m the field, and NCI money for collaborative research will actually be cut by 3% this year.There is no national pediatric cancer registry that would let researchers track child and teenage patients t
30、hrough their lives as they can do in the case of adult sufferers. A pilot childhood-cancer registry is in the works. Groups like Mr Reamans now get cash directly from Congress. But it is plainly a problem most politicians dont know much about.The biggest problem could lie with 15-19-year-olds. Those
31、 diagnosed with cancer have not seen the same improvement in their chances as younger children and older adults have done. There are some physical explanations for this: teenagers who have passed adolescence are more vulnerable to different sorts of cancer. But Archie Bleyer, a pediatric oncologist
32、at the M.D. Anderson Cancer Centre in Texas, has produced some data implying that lack of health insurance plays a role. Older teenagers and young adults are less likely to be covered and checked regularly.（分数：10.00）(1).The author cites the example of Mrs. Pryce to show that（分数：2.00）A.child cancer i
33、s no longer a rare case.B.nowadays Americans care little about child cancer.C.the current health-care debate is rather time-consuming.D.school kids axe more likely to be diagnosed with cancer.(2).According to Robert Arceci, child cancer research is also worth funding because（分数：2.00）A.the statistics
34、 of child cancer is rather scary.B.a saved child may enjoy a longer life span.C.adults with cancer do not deserve that much funding.D.funding on child cancer is economical and effective.(3).Those 15-19-year-olds diagnosed with cancer（分数：2.00）A.were born with defects in immune systems.B.are more like
35、ly to recover from a cancer.C.can not get enough medical care.D.suffer a lot during adolescence.(4).The author writes this passage to（分数：2.00）A.inspire greater concern for the well being of children.B.warn people of the harms caused by cancer.C.interpret the possible cause of child cancer.D.change t
36、he publics indifference to kids with cancer.(5).The authors attitude towards the current state of childhood cancer（分数：2.00）A.concerned.B.desperate.C.carefree.D.indignant.BText 3/BThe uniqueness of the Japanese character is the result of two seemingly contradictory forces: the strength of traditions,
37、 and the selective receptivity to foreign achievements and inventions. As early as 1860s there were counter movement to traditional orientation. One of the famous spokesmen of Japans “Enlightenment“ claimed “the Confucian civilization of the East seems to me to lack two things possessed by Western c
38、ivilization: science in the material sphere and a sense of independence in the spiritual sphere.“ Another break of relative liberalism followed World War , when the democratic idealism of President Woodrow Wilson had an important impact on Japanese intellectuals and, especially, students; but more i
39、mportant was the Leninist ideology of the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution. Again, in the early 1930s, nationalism and militarism became dominant.Following the end of World War , substantial changes were undertaken in Japan to liberate the individual from authoritarian restraints. The new democratic value
40、system was accepted by many teachers, students, intellectuals, and old liberals, but it was not immediately embraced by the society as a whole. Japanese traditions were dominated by group values, and notions of personal freedom and individual rights were unfamiliar.Today, democratic processes are cl
41、early evident in the widespread participation of the Japanese people in social and political life. School textbooks emphasize equality over hierarchy and rationalism over tradition; hut in practice these values are often misinterpreted and distorted, particularly by the youth who translate the indiv
42、idualistic and humanistic goals of democracy into egoistic and materialistic ones.Most Japanese people have consciously rejected Confucianism, but leftovers of the old order remain. An important feature of relationship in many institutions, including political parties and universities is the “oyabun
43、-kobun“ or parent-child relation. The corresponding loyalty of the individual to his patron reinforces his allegiance to the group to which they both belong. A willingness to cooperate with other members of the group and to support without qualification the interests of the group in all its external
44、 relations is still a widely respected virtue. The “oyabun-kohun“ creates ladders of mobility which an individual can ascend, rising as far as abilities permit, so long as he maintains successful personal ties with a superior in the vertical channel, the latter requirement usually taking precedence
45、over a need for exceptional competence. As a consequence, there is little horizontal relationship between people even with the same profession.（分数：10.00）(1).The spokesman of Japans “Enlightenment“ thinks that（分数：2.00）A.the traditional culture should be replaced by western civilization.B.Japanese oug
46、ht to forsake the Confucian civilization of the East.C.the Confucian civilization in Japan should be revived.D.Japan should introduce western civilization.(2).Which of the following statement of the Japans culture is true according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Substantial changes occurred in democratic
47、 process at the end of World War .B.The democratic idea was accepted immediately by the whole society after the World War .C.Nowadays the Confucianism outweighs the new value system in Japan.D.Today the Confucianism is a functioning part of the Japanese society.(3).Today in Japan, democratic values（
48、分数：2.00）A.are frequently misunderstood and exaggerated by the young.B.have been systematically excluded from textbooks.C.are consciously rejected by adults who cherish traditions.D.have made it possible for the tradition to last long.(4).Which of the following is most like the relationship of the “o
49、yahun-kobun“ described in the passage?（分数：2.00）A.A political candidate and the voting public.B.A gifted scientist and his learners.C.A judge and a criminal defendant.D.An orchestra conductor and its members.(5).The author implies（分数：2.00）A.decisions about promotion are partly based on personal feelings.B.Western values have completely overwhelmed traditional
