1、考研英语-263 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BDirections:/BRead the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on Answer Sheet 1.Greg Focker, played by Ben Stiller, represents a generation of American kidsU (1) /Uin the 1980s on the
2、philosophy that any achievement, however slight,U (2) /Ua ribbon.U (3) /Ureplaced punishment; criticism became a dirty word. In Texas, teachers were advised toU (4) /Uusing red ink, the colour ofU (5) /U. In California, a task force was set up toU (6) /Uthe concept of self worth into the education s
3、ystem. Swathing youngsters in aU (7) /Ushield of self-esteem, went the philosophy, would protect them from the nasty things in life, such as bad school grades, underage sex, drug abuse, dead-end jobs and criminality.U (8) /Uthat the ninth-place ribbons are in danger of strangling theU (9) /Uchildren
4、 they were supposed to help. AmericasU (10) /Uwith self-esteem-like all developments in psychology, it graduallyU (11) /Uits way to Britain-has turned children who wereU (12) /UwithU (13) /Uinto adults whoU (14) /Uat even the mildest brickbats. Many believe that the feel-good culture has risen at th
5、eU (15) /Uof traditional education, an opinion espoused in a new book, Dumbing Down Our Kids: Why American Children Feel Good About Themselves But Cant Read, Write, or Add, by the conservative commentator Charles Sykes.Not only that, but the foundationsU (16) /Uwhich the self-esteem industry is buil
6、t are beingU (17) /Uas decidedly shaky. Roy Baumeister, professor of psychology at Florida State University and once a self-esteem enthusiast, is nowU (18) /Ua revision of the populist orthodoxy. “After all these years, Im sorry to say, my recommendation is this: forget, about self-esteem andU (19)
7、/Umore on self-control and self-dlscipline,“ he wrote recently. “Recent work suggests this would be good for the individual and good for society-and might even be able toU (20) /Usome of those promises that self-esteem once made but could not keep.“（分数：10.00）A.bornB.caredC.yieldedD.rearedA.preserved
8、B.deservedC.reservedD.conservedA.ApprehensionB.PlausibilityC.ApprovalD.ResentmentA.forbidB.banC.avoidD.evadeA.reproachB.apprehensionC.errorD.mistakeA.rejectB.injectC.projectD.dejectA.sturdyB.elasticC.flexibleD.smoothA.NowB.DespiteC.ForD.ExceptA.exactlyB.veryC.specificD.specialA.possessionB.repulsion
9、C.obsessionD.compulsionA.wanderedB.cameC.filteredD.wentA.packedB.scrambledC.filledD.showeredA.complimentsB.complacencyC.flatteringD.boastA.fumbleB.crumpleC.stumbleD.staggerA.fareB.expenditureC.expenseD.riskA.forB.onC.toD.inA.supposedB.con, posedC.disposedD.exposedA.decidingB.forcingC.pioneeringD.imp
10、osingA.putB.cutC.condenseD.concentrateA.fillB.takeC.commitD.bring二、BSection Readi(总题数：4，分数：40.00)BPart A/BBDirections:/BRead the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet 1.BText 1/BWhen young people who want to be journali
11、sts ask me what subject they should study after leaving school, I tell them: “Anything except journalism or media studies.“ Most veterans of my trade would say the same. It is practical advice. For obvious reasons, newspaper editors like to employ people who can bring something other than a knowledg
12、e of the media to the party that we call our work.On The Daily Telegraph, for example, the editor of London Spy is a theologian by academic training. The obituaries editor is a philosopher. The editor of our student magazine, Juice, studied physics. As for myself, I read history, ancient and modern,
13、 at the taxpayers expense.I am not sure what Charles Clarke, the Education Secretary, would make of all this. If I understand him correctly, he would think that the public money spent on teaching this huge range of disciplines to the staff of The Daily Telegraph was pretty much wasted. The only acad
14、emic course of which he would wholeheartedly approve in the list above would be physics -but then again, he would probably think it a terrible waste that Simon Hogg chose to edit Juice instead of designing aeroplanes or building nuclear reactors. By that, he seems to mean that everything taught at t
15、he public expense should have a direct, practical application that will benefit society and the economy.It is extremely alarming that the man in charge of Britains education system should think in this narrow-minded, half-witted way. The truth, of course, is that all academic disciplines benefit soc
16、iety and the economy, whether in a direct and obvious way or not. They teach students to think-to process information and to distinguish between what is important and unimportant, true and untrue. Above all, a country in which academic research and intelligent ideas are allowed to flourish is clearl
17、y a much more interesting, stimulating and enjoyable place than one without “ornaments“, in which money and usefulness are all that count.Mr. Clarke certainly has a point when he says that much of what is taught in Britains universities is useless. But it is useless for a far more serious reason tha
18、n that it lacks any obvious economic utility. As the extraordinarily high drop-out rate testifies, it is useless because it fails the first test of university teaching-that it should stimulate the interest of those being taught. When students themselves think that their courses are a waste of time a
19、nd money, then a waste they are.The answer is not to cut off state funding for the humanities. It is to offer short, no nonsense vocational courses to those who want to learn a trade, and reserve university places for those who want to pursue an academic discipline. By this means, a great deal of wa
20、sted money could be saved and all students the academic and the no, so-academic-would benefit. What Mr. Clarke Seems to be proposing instead is an act of cultural vandalism that would rob Britain of all claim to be called a civilised country.（分数：10.00）(1).The second paragraph is meant to demonstrate
21、 that _.（分数：2.00）A.students of other disciplines than journalism are preferred employees of newspapersB.young people should learn other subjects than journalism after leaving schoolC.veterans of the authors trade would give the same advice to puzzled youngstersD.young people should diversify their l
22、earning subjects to be better employed(2).Charles Clarke as described in the passage would probably agree that _.（分数：2.00）A.philosophy as an academic discipline in college should be canceledB.physics should be the topmost choice of disciplines for prospective journalistsC.the Daily Telegraph is poor
23、ly staffed and needs rearrangementD.there is no reason for the state to pay for subjects of higher education(3).Which of the following is true according to the author?（分数：2.00）A.The role of state-funded universities is to train students for a job.B.Every academic subject will do good to society and
24、the economy somehow.C.Academic research and intelligent ideas are more important than “ornaments“.D.Money and usefulness are the criteria to judge the worth of a discipline.(4).That many subjects taught at British colleges are useless is mainly owing to _.（分数：2.00）A.their falling short of the demand
25、s of economyB.their validity as a discipline being untestifiedC.their failure to meet the standards of university instructionD.their inability to arouse the interest of students(5).The authors primary purpose in writing this passage is to _.（分数：2.00）A.propose an academic discipline for young people
26、wishing to be journalistsB.debate both sides of the proper pattern of Britains higher educationC.condemn Charles Clarke for his improper statements about higher educationD.contrast Charles Clarkes claim about higher education to that of his ownBText 2/BStandard “The directors behind “Lazy Sunday“ em
27、body the phenomenon. When the shaggy-haired Samberg, 27, graduated from NYU Film School in 2001, he faced the conventional challenge or, crashing the gates Of Hollywood. With his two childhood friends Akiva Schaffer and Jorma Taccone, he came up with an unconventional solution: they started recordin
28、g music parodies and comic videos, and posting them to their Web site, TheLonelyisland. com.The material got the attention of producers at the old ABC sitcom “Spin City“, where Samberg and Taccone worked as low-level assistants; the producers sent a compilation to a talent agency. The friends got an
29、 agent, made a couple of pilot TV sketch shows for Comedy Central and Fox, featuring themselves hamming it up in nearly all the roles, and wrote jokes for the MTV Movie Awards. Even when the networks passed on their pilots, Samberg and his friends simply posted the episodes online and their fan base
30、-at 40,000 unique visitors a month earlier this year-grew larger. Last August, Samberg joined the “SNL“ cast, and Schaffer and Taccone became writers. Now they share an office in Rockefeller Center and “are a little too cute for everyone,“ Samberg says, “We are friends living our dream.“Short, funny
31、 videos like “Lazy Sunday“ happen to translate online, but not everything works as well. Bite-size films are more practical than longer ones; comedy plays better than drama. But almost everything is worth trying, since the tools to create and post video are now so cheap, and ad hoc audiences can for
32、m around any sensibility, however eccentric.（分数：10.00）(1).The “dawn of the democratization of the TV and film business“ probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.film and television business is enjoying an unprecedented successB.the general public are playing an active role in pop-cultureC.filmmakers are showing
33、great enthusiasm for success on the WebD.e-mail, downloads or links are now the main means of film distribution(2).It is implied in the text that _.（分数：2.00）A.talent agents are sometimes essential to a persons success in pop worldB.time is up for the artists to develop a direct connection to the pub
34、licC.short videos on the Web would prove to be the most popular productionsD.the film and television business can be compared to a bypass surgery(3).Sambergs solution was unconventional because _.（分数：2.00）A.newcomers were usually denied access to HollywoodB.he and his two childhood friends got accep
35、ted into HollywoodC.he recorded music parodies and comic videos all by himselfD.he and his friends created and uploaded their productions to their Web site(4).Which of the following contributed most to the Net success of “Lazy Sunday“?（分数：2.00）A.Producers at the old ABC sitcom “Spin City“.B.Conventi
36、ons of Hollywood.C.Comic nature of the video.D.Eccentricity of audiences online.(5).The purpose of this text is primarily to _.（分数：2.00）A.report the unexpected success of SambergB.point out a new direction for TV and film businessC.discuss a new phenomenon in pop-cultureD.explain the reasons Behind
37、Sambergs success三、BPart B/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BDirections:/BYou are going to read a list of headings and a text about network etiquette. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A - F for each numbered paragraph (41-45). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one ext
38、ra heading which you dont need to use. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet 1.The first two stages in the development of civilized man were probably the invention of primitive weapons and the discovery of fire, although nobody knows exactly when he acquired the use of the latter.41)_Animals have a few
39、cries that serve as signals, but even the highest apes have not been found able to pronounce words, even with the most intensive professional instruction. The superior brain of man is apparently a necessity for the mastering of speech. When man became sufficiently intelligent, we must suppose that h
40、e gradually increased the number of cries for different purposes. It was a great day when he discovered that speech could be used for narrative. There are those who think that in this respect picture language preceded oral language. A man could draw a picture on the wall of his cave to show in which
41、 direction he had gone, or what prey he hoped to catch. 42)_Two important stages came not so long before the dawn of written history. The first was the domestication of animals; the second was agriculture. Agriculture made possible an immense increase in the number of the human species in the region
42、s where it could be successfully practiced. 43)_44)_These inventions and discoveriesfire, speech, weapons domestic animals, agriculture, and writing made the existence of civilized communities possible. From about 3000 B. C. until the beginning of the Industrial Revolution less than two hundred year
43、s ago there was no technical advance comparable to these. During this long period man had time to become accustomed to his technique, and to develop the beliefs and political organizations appropriate to it. There was, of course, an immense extension in the area of civilized life. At first it had be
44、en confined to the Nile, the Euphrates, the Tigris, and the Indus, but at the end of the period in question it covered much the greatest part of the inhabitable globe. I do not mean to suggest that there was no technical progress during the time. 45)_A. Probably picture language and oral language de
45、veloped side by side. I am inclined to think that language has been the most important single factor in the development of man.B. Another fundamental technical advance was writing, which, like spoken language, developed out of pictures, but as soon as it had reached a certain stage, it was possible
46、to keep records and transmit information to people who were not present when the information was given.C. With the development of civilization, primitive people who lived in caves at that time badly needed a language, which would help them to communicate with one another.D. The origin of language is
47、 also obscure. No doubt it began very gradually.E. In fact, there was progress-there were even two inventions of very great importance, namely, gunpowder and the mariners compass-but neither of these can be compared in their revolutionary power to such things as speech and writing and agriculture.F.
48、 These were, at first, only those in which nature fertilized the soil after each harvest. Agriculture met with violent resistance from the pastoral nomads, but the agricultural way of life prevailed in the end because of the physical comforts it provided.G. But industry was a step in human progress to which subsequently there was nothing comparable until our own machine age.（分数：10.00）(1).（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_四、BPart C/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BDirections:/BRe
