1、考研英语-25 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Lots of creatures already reproduce without sex. Since the birth of Louise Brown, the first test-tube baby, in 1978, U(1) /U of human beings U(2) /U in laboratory glassware rather than in bed.If human cloning becomes possibleand sinc
2、e the birth of a sheep called Dolly, U(3) /U doubt that it will be feasible to clone a person by 2025even the link between sex organs and reproduction U(4) /U. You will then be able to take a cutting from your body and grow a new person, U(5) /U you were a willow tree.U (6) /U, we have already divor
3、ced sex from reproduction. In the 1960s, the contraceptive pill freed women to enjoy sex for its own sake. U(7) /U, greater tolerance of homosexuality signaled societys acceptance of nonreproductive sex of another sort. These changes are only continuations of a U(8) /U that started perhaps a million
4、 years ago.Human beings U(9) /U the interest in infertile, social sex with a few other species: dolphins, apes and some birds. But U(10) /U sex is too good for human beings to U(11) /U, more and more people will abandon it as a U(12) /U of reproduction.In the modern world, you can U(13) /U have sex
5、and parenthood without suffering the bit U(14) /U. Some Hollywood actresses U(15) /U the urge for mothering by electing to adopt children U(16) /U spoil their figures (as they see it) by childbearing. For people as beautiful as this, the temptation to U(17) /U a clone (reared in a surrogate womb) co
6、uld one day be U(18) /U.However, human cloning and designer babies are probably not U(19) /U. Even assuming that the procedures are judged safe and efficient in farm animals, still a long way off, they will be heavily U(20) /U, if not banned, by many governments for human beings.（分数：10.00）A.hundreds
7、 of thousandsB.hundred of thousandsC.hundreds of thousandD.hundred of thousandA.has been conceivedB.had been conceivedC.have been conceivedD.were conceivedA.fewB.a fewC.quite fewD.quite a fewA.is brokenB.will breakC.will be brokenD.will have brokenA.asB.ifC.as ifD.as yetA.In caseB.In no caseC.In a s
8、enseD.In no senseA.ButB.HoweverC.WhereasD.At the same timeA.trendB.tendC.programD.procedureA.haveB.possessC.shareD.oweA.asB.ifC.evenD.even ifA.give outB.give upC.give awayD.give inA.meanB.meansC.meaningD.meantA.evenB.stillC.yetD.thusA.inB.betweenC.amongD.in betweenA.be satisfiedB.have been satisfied
9、C.may satisfyD.may have satisfiedA.rather thanB.other thanC.insteadD.despiteA.adaptB.have adaptedC.adoptD.have adoptedA.resistibleB.irresistibleC.resistlessD.resistantA.comingB.nearbyC.realisticD.imminentA.encouragingB.discouragingC.encouragedD.discouraged二、BSection Readi(总题数：4，分数：40.00)BText 1/BThe
10、 people who answer the phone get an endless stream of calls from people who are extremely upset that their electricity got turned off just because they failed to pay their bill for 297 months, or people asking questions like “Is it OK to operate an electric appliance while taking a bath?“So lets say
11、 that you have a genuine problem with your electric bill. The people in “Customer Service“ have no way of knowing that youre an intelligent, rational person. Theyre going to lump you in with the usual not-so-bright public. As far as theyre concerned, the relevant facts, in any dispute between you an
12、d them, are these:1. They have a bunch of electricity.2. You need it.3. So shut up.This is why, more and more, the people in “Customer Service“ wont even talk to you. They prefer to let you talk to the convenient Automatic Phone Answering System until such a time as you die of old age “. If your FIR
13、ST name has more than eight letters, and your LAST name begins with H through L press 251 NOW. If your first name has LESS than eight letters, and your last name contains at least two E s, press 252 NOW. If your.“So is there any way that you, the lowly consumer, can gain the serious attention of a l
14、arge and powerful business? I am pleased to report that there IS a way, which I found out about thanks to an alert reader who sent me a news report from Russia. According to this report, a Russian electric company got into a dispute with a customer and cut off the customers electricity. This custome
15、r, however, happened to be a unit of the Russian Army. So the commander ordered a tank to drive over to the electric companys office and aim its gun at the windows. The electricity was turned right back on.On behalf of consumers everywhere, I want to kiss this military commander on the lips. I mean,
16、 what a GREAT concept. Imagine, as a consumer, how much more seriously your complaint would he taken if you were complaining from inside a vehicle capable of reducing the entire “Customer Service“ department to tiny smoking pieces. What I am saying is: Forget the Automated Phone Answering System. Ge
17、t a tank.Perhaps you are thinking: “But a tank costs several million dollars, not including floor mats. I dont have that kind of money.“Dont be silly. Youre a consumer, right? You have credit cards, right?Perhaps you are thinking: “Yes, but how am I going to pay the credit-card company?“Dont be sill
18、y. You have a tank, right?（分数：10.00）(1).From the first paragraph we may infer that _.（分数：2.00）A.the people who answer the phone are really very busyB.some people dont know how to turn off electricityC.some people dont know how to operate an electric applianceD.some people are ignorant of their ridic
19、ulous behavior(2).According to the passage, the people in “Customer Service“ are very _.（分数：2.00）A.ignorantB.politeC.arbitraryD.foolish(3).If Mr. Huntington Sweet wants to inquire about something from “Customer Service“, he should press _.（分数：2.00）A.251B.252C.eitherD.both(4).How did the customer set
20、tle the dispute with Russian electric company?（分数：2.00）A.By peaceful negotiation.B.By using a tank.C.By resorting to forces.D.By appealing to the Russian Army.(5).The tone of this passage may be considered as _.（分数：2.00）A.humorousB.seriousC.fantasticD.ridiculousBText 2/BWhen I was 13 my mother died.
21、 Through my own sorrow I was aware of the great loss this was to Pop. But he made only one reference to his own misery. He said, “To be happy every day is to be not happy at all.“ He was saying to his sons that happiness is not a state you achieve and keep, but something that must be won over and ov
22、er, no matter what the defeats and losses.Later that year I got a job as an entertainer in small clubs, and suddenly I knew this was the career I had been searching for. The world of the theater was far removed from the world of my father, yet I found myself returning to him time and again, for the
23、same reason his friends did.When I was 20 I got what every actor dreams ofa permanent job! At that time, at the depth of the depression, actors were out of work by the hundreds, yet I wanted to quit that job because I needed new experiences and challenges.Pop heard me out, then said, “There are some
24、 people who always have to test themselves, to stretch their wings and try new winds. If you think you can find more happiness and usefulness this way, then you should do it.“ This advice came from a man who never left a secure job in his life, who had the European tradition of family responsibility
25、, but who knew I was different. He understood what I needed to do and he helped me do it.For the next few years I worked in clubs, and then I got my big break, appearing in a major movie. After that I went to Hollywood, and from then on Pop lived with me and my family there. We had a big party one e
26、vening. That night I thought Pop might enjoy hearing some of the old folk songs we used to sing at home. When I began to sing, the music and the memories were too much for him to resist, and he came over to join me. I faded away, and he was in the middle of the room singing alonein a clear, true voi
27、ce. He sang for 15 minutes before some of the worlds highest-paid stars. This simple, kindly old man singing of our European roots had touched something deep in these sophisticated people. When he finished there was overwhelming applause.I knew the applause that night was not just for a performance;
28、 it was for a man.（分数：10.00）(1).By saying “to be happy every day is to be not happy at all“, Pop means _.（分数：2.00）A.one should not be happy every dayB.it is impossible for one to be happy every dayC.people should not pursue happy life aloneD.people should have a realistic attitude toward life(2).Jud
29、ging from the context, the authors career is most probably _.（分数：2.00）A.an entertainerB.an actorC.a singerD.a writer(3).How did Pop react to the authors quitting his job?（分数：2.00）A.Comfort him.B.Help him.C.Encourage him.D.Let him alone.(4).The big party one evening was arranged for _.（分数：2.00）A.the
30、author to singB.the authors big break in a major movieC.Pops singing performanceD.some Hollywood film stars(5).The purpose of the author in writing the text is to _.（分数：2.00）A.narrate his careerB.illustrate his personal successC.praise his beloved fatherD.describe the character of PopBText 3/BTo und
31、erstand the roughly 100,000 genes in the human genome, researchers say they must investigate an even more complicated set of molecules-proteins. Genes are the blueprints for making proteins, and the “sequence“ of a geneits structural pattern determines the kind of protein it makes. Some proteins bec
32、ome building blocks for structural parts of the cell. Other proteins become molecular “machines“ enzymes, hormones, antibodies that carry out the myriad activities necessary to keep the cell and the body working properly.With an understanding of human proteins (or the proteome), scientists will be a
33、ble to fight disease on many fronts. For example, scientists at the Center for Proteome Analysis in Odense, Denmark, have isolated a protein, galectin, that may fight diabetes. Diabetes seems to be caused when insulin-producing cells in the pancreas are inadvertently killed by the bodys immune syste
34、m.The Danish scientists spent years analyzing the proteins present in diabetes-prone and diabetes-resistant cells, and they tentatively concluded that galectin protects diabetes-prone cells from being attacked by the immune system. Preliminary animal tests, in which the galectin gene has been insert
35、ed into diabetes-prone cells, seem to confirm the hypothesis.Effective cancer drugs may also arise from a deeper understanding of genes and proteins, says Ken Carter, president of Therapeutic Genomics, one of the many biotech companies working to devise new drugs based on genetic knowledge. Soon, sc
36、ientists will be able to quickly and accurately compare cancer tissue with normal tissue to see which genes are “switched on“ and making proteins and which genes are not, he says.“If you found a gene that was highly expressed in prostate cancer cells but not other tissues, you could deduce that gene
37、 was involved in prostate cancer,“ according to Carter. “We would try to develop in the lab a way to block the expression of that gene.“ One possibility would be a “small molecule“ drug that would attach to and inactivate that genes protein.Finally, drugs themselves will likely become safer and more
38、 effective because they will be tailored to an individuals genetic ability to process medicines, predicts Robert Waterston, director of the Human Genome Project sequencing center at Washington University in St.Louis.In the future, a blood test could show how much of a particular drug-processing enzy
39、me a person has, Waterston explains. The doctor would then adjust the dose accordingly or prescribe a drug custom designed for that persons genetic makeup. This new field, called pharmacogenomics, should eliminate many of the drug side effects that result from our current, cruder methods of determin
40、ing dosage.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the text, the function of genes is _.（分数：2.00）A.to plan for making proteinsB.to determine the kind of protein it makesC.like that of building blocksD.to carry out the myriad activities(2).The research of scientists at the Center for Proteome Analysis in Odense,
41、Denmark is helpful to _.（分数：2.00）A.isolate a protein, galectinB.cure diabetesC.the bodys immune systemD.protect diabetes-prone cells(3).According to Ken Carter, effective cancer drugs may also arise by means of _.（分数：2.00）A.a deeper understanding of genes and proteinsB.devising new drugs based on ge
42、netic knowledgeC.comparing cancer tissue with normal tissueD.“switching on“ some genes(4).What would Ken Carter and his colleagues do?（分数：2.00）A.Finding a gene that was highly expressed in prostate cancer cells.B.Deducing the gene which is involved in prostate cancer.C.Finding a way to stop the expr
43、ession of carcinogenic genes.D.Developing a “small molecule“ drug.(5).Judging from its formation, the word “pharmacogenomics“ probably refers to _.（分数：2.00）A.the science of drugs including their origin, composition, pharmacokinetics, etc.B.the properties and reactions of drugs especially with relati
44、on to their therapeutic valueC.a branch of pharmacology dealing with the reactions between drugs and living systemsD.a branch of science of drugs especially dealing with carcinogenic genesBText 4/BA simple pair of pants may contain a multitude of meanings. In the 1850s, jeans were the unemotional, d
45、urable dress of those that came to California to labor in the gold fields. Seams were strengthened with metal pins to make them hold, a technology borrowed from the construction of horse blankets. Cloth for beasts of burden was translated to the needs of men of burden. These were the clothes of hard
46、-laboring people, and these pants held little promise for the men who wore them, save the promise that they would be ready for the next days labors.During the same decade, in the court of one European queen, “the gown worn by a fashionable lady in attendance contained 1,100 yards of material not inc
47、luding lace and other ornaments.“ American women of wealth were also wrapped in an abundance of cloth. While makers of jeans worried over how many men could be fitted into a given amount of cloth, for women of wealth the concern was with how many yards of cloth could be attractively arranged upon a
48、given individual. This was the mark of prosperity: to wear enough material on ones back to clothe many of more modest means.The fashionable rich could not imagine themselves wearing the vulgar canvas pants of workers and “peasants“. Neither could working-class people reasonably imagine themselves in the costumes of wealth and power. Tile only fashion link between them subtle at bestwas the stern top hat of wealthy capitalists, a coal-black cylinder symbolizing the factory chimney pipes that brought profit to one, hardship to the other. Blue jeans only signified labor and sweat.Years later,
