1、考研英语-249 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BDirections:/BRead the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, and D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)One of the basic characteristics of capitalism is the private ownership of the major means
2、 of production capital. The ownership of large amounts of capital can bringU (1) /Uprofits, as well as economic and political power. Some recent theorists, U(2) /U, have argued that our society has moved to a new stage ofU (3) /Uthat they call “postindustrial“ society. One important change in such a
3、 society is that the ownership ofU (4) /Uamounts of capital is no longer the only or even the most importantU (5) /Uof profits and influence; knowledge as well asU (6) /Ucapital brings profits and influence.There arc manyU (7) /Uwith the thesis above, not the least ofU (8) /Uis that wealthy capitali
4、sts can buy the experts and knowledge they need to keep their profits and influence. But this does notU (9) /Uthe importance of knowledge in an advanced industrial society, as theU (10) /Uof some new industries indicates. U(11) /U, genetic engineering and the new computer technology haveU (12) /Uman
5、y new firms and made some scientists quite rich. InU (13) /Uwith criticism of the postindustrial society thesis, however, it must also beU (14) /Uthat those already in control of huge amounts of capital (i. e., major corporations) soonU (15) /Uto take most profits in these industries based on new kn
6、owledge.Moving down from the level of wealth and power, we still find knowledge increasinglyU (16) /U. Many new high-tech jobs are being created at the upper-middle-class level, but even more new jobs are being created in the low-skill, low-paying serviceU (17) /U. Something like a caste line is eme
7、rging centered around knowledge. Individuals who fall too far behind in theU (18) /Uof knowledge at a young age will find it almost impossible to catch up later, no matter how hard they try. Illiteracy in the English language has been a severeU (19) /Ufor many years in the United States, but we are
8、also moving to the point when computer illiteracy will hinder many more people andU (20) /Uthem to a life of low-skill and low-paid labor.（分数：10.00）A.quantitativeB.extensiveC.comprehensiveD.sophisticatedA.moreoverB.howeverC.thereforeD.neverthelessA.aggressionB.proficiencyC.productivityD.evolutionA.d
9、ominantB.impressiveC.magnificentD.significantA.sourceB.factorC.componentD.elementA.adequateB.profitableC.materialD.spiritualA.advantagesB.consequencesC.problemsD.potentialsA.themB.thoseC.whichD.thatA.denyB.refuseC.admitD.acknowledgeA.emergenceB.innovationC.extinctionD.discoveryA.In additionB.For exa
10、mpleC.Above allD.In shortA.producedB.createdC.improvedD.facilitatedA.lineB.needC.doubtD.matchA.idealizedB.recognizedC.supervisedD.summarizedA.stepped inB.settled downC.leaned overD.turned outA.accessibleB.importantC.popularD.abundantA.enterprisesB.employmentC.professionsD.industriesA.controlB.master
11、yC.searchD.pursuitA.handicapB.penaltyC.inconvenienceD.shortcomingA.enforceB.punishC.confineD.condemn二、BSection Readi(总题数：4，分数：40.00)BPart A/BBDirections:/BRead the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)BTe
12、xt 1/BSome people talk about immigration in terms of politics, some in terms of history. But the core of the matter is numbers. The Labor Department says that immigrants make up about 15 percent of the work force. Its estimated that a third of those are undocumented workers. The Pew Hispanic Center
13、estimates that one in four farmhands in the United States is an undocumented immigrant, and that they make up a significant portion of the people who build our houses, clean our office buildings and prepare our food.America has become a nation dependent on the presence of newcomers, both those with
14、green cards and those without. Business leaders say agriculture, construction, meatpacking and other industries would collapse without them.Sure, it would be great if everyone were here legally, if the immigration service werent such a disaster that getting a green card is a lifes work. It would be
15、great if other nations had economies robust enough to support their citizens so leaving home wasnt the only answer. But at a certain point public policy means dealing not only with how things ought to be but with how they are. Heres how they are: these people work the jobs we dont want, sometimes tw
16、o and three jobs at a time. They do it on the cheap, which is tough, so that their children wont have to, which is good. They use services like hospitals and schools, which is a drain on public coffers, and they pay taxes, which contribute to them.Immigration is never about today, always about tomor
17、row, an exercise in that thing some native-born Americans seem to have lost the knack for: deferred gratification. Its the educated man who arrived in the Washington D. C., area and took a job doing landscaping, then found work as a painter, then was hired to fix up an entire apartment complex by so
18、meone who liked his work ethic. He started his own business and wound up employing others. Does it matter that he arrived in this country with no work visa if he is now supporting the nations economy?If any towns, whose aging populations were on the wane before the immigrants arrived, succeed in dri
19、ving newcomers away, those who remain will find themselves surrounded by empty storefronts, deserted restaurants and houses that will not sell. Its the civic equivalent of starving to death because you dont care for the food. But at least everyone involved can tell themselves their town wasted away
20、while they were speaking English.（分数：10.00）(1).It is estimated that _ of US workforce is made up of undocumented immigrants.（分数：2.00）A.15 percentB.one thirdC.4.5 percentD.one in four(2).What is the image of undocumented immigrants in the authors opinion?（分数：2.00）A.illegal and need to be sent back to
21、 where theyre from.B.essential to the construction of US economy.C.encouraged to work illegally in US.D.enjoying the public services without contributing to them.(3).According to the text, if all the newcomers are driven away from a city, it would be possible that _（分数：2.00）A.the economy would be mo
22、re prosperous because of convenience of management.B.house lease industry may decline due to lack of customers.C.people in the city may starve to death.D.everyone will involve in the process and cheer for it.(4).In the authors opinion, why do undocumented immigrants straggle for life?（分数：2.00）A.prov
23、ide services to US citizens.B.do those the US citizens dont want to do.C.enable their own country be robust enough to support themselves.D.make their children to be legal citizens of the US.(5).The example of the young man in Washington D.C. has shown that _（分数：2.00）A.all the illegal immigrants can
24、be successful.B.it doesnt matter whether an immigrant is legal if he can contribute to the country.C.only educated immigrants can support the development of US economy.D.a work visa is necessary for foreigners to get a job in the US.BText 2/BPsychotherapy for as long as nine months is significantly
25、more effective than short-term treatment for alleviating depression associated with bipolar disease, new research suggests.The drugs used to treat depression are of limited use in treating the repeating depressive episodes of bipolar illness, according to background information in the article, publi
26、shed last week in The Archives of General Psychiatry.The researchers studied 293 patients with bipolar disease at 15 medical centers nationwide. They randomly assigned one group of 163 people to one of three kinds of psychotherapy consisting of up to 30 50-minute sessions over nine months.A second g
27、roup of 130 patients was assigned to “collaborative care,“ three sessions over six weeks designed to offer a brief version of the most common psychological and behavioral strategies shown to be beneficial in bipolar illness. The participants, whose average age was 40, were followed for one year, and
28、 all were also being treated with mood-stabilizing medicines.Cognitive behavioral therapy focuses on challenging and controlling negative thoughts. In interpersonal and social rhythm therapy, patients concentrate on stabilizing daily routines and resolving interpersonal problems. Family therapy enga
29、ges family members to help solve problems related to the illness, like failing to take medication properly, and to reduce the number of negative family interactions.Therapists at each of the 15 medical centers received brief training in the therapies they administered.“The study included real-world
30、patients experiencing the early phases of a depressive episode,“ said David J. Miklowitz, the studys lead author. “And the therapists who delivered the treatment were trained by experts in the field with low-intensity training, which is typical of whats available in real-life practice.“Recovery rate
31、s after one year were a combined average of 64 percent for the intensive therapy groups, but only 52 percent for those who had brief therapy. In any given month, a patient undergoing longer-term therapy was more than one and a half times as likely to be well as one who had short-term treatment. Fami
32、ly therapy was slightly more effective than interpersonal or cognitive behavioral therapy, but the differences among the types of intensive treatment were not statistically significant.“This is a monumental study,“ said a professor of psychiatry who was not involved in the work. “There are no pharma
33、ceutical companies willing to pay for research in psychotherapy, so we dont have many clinical trials.“ But, she added: “Psychosocial treatment for bipolar illness is not an alternative to medication. Its a supplement.“The cost of long-term therapy is high, and insurance companies are reluctant to c
34、over it. But according to the professor, the cost of not covering it could be higher. “It isnt just the cost of the therapy. Its the long-term cost. Bipolar illness has devastating effects on families as well as on the patients themselves.“（分数：10.00）(1).The underlined word “bipolar“ (Line 2, Paragra
35、ph 1) most probably means _（分数：2.00）A.a disease that is the same as depression.B.a disease that demonstrates alternative depression and its opposite.C.a disease that can be cured purely by psychotherapy.D.a disease that may be cured by medicine used for depression.(2).It has been found in the resear
36、ch that _ are more likely to be well.（分数：2.00）A.patients with intensive psychotherapy treatment for 9 months.B.patients undertaken brief psychotherapy courses.C.patients with the help of family to take medicine.D.patients taken medicine regularly without psychotherapy treatment.(3).The most prevaili
37、ng types of psychotherapy dont include _（分数：2.00）A.collaborative care therapy.B.cognitive behavioral therapy.C.interpersonal therapy.D.family therapy.(4).According to the text, the study is considered as monumental in that _（分数：2.00）A.psychotherapy researches cannot get fund from pharmaceutical comp
38、aniesB.psychosocial treatment for bipolar illness is a supplementC.clinical studies on psychotherapy are rare and preciousD.the finding of the research has overthrown belief in the past(5).It is better for insurance companies to cover the cost of long-term therapy because（分数：2.00）A.the cost of the l
39、ong-term therapy is high.B.bipolar illness is very costly.C.the adverse effects of bipolar illness are higher.D.long-term insurance is beneficial.BText 3/BA curious election will take place in St Louis on April 3rd. Seven candidates will compete for two seats on the citys school board. The polls wil
40、l open at 6am and stay open until 7pm. Staffing the polling stations and counting the electronic ballots will cost taxpayers at least $260,000. Two happy candidates will celebrate and take office-just in time to have the state of Missouri complete the takeover of the districts schools and give them
41、and the other board members nothing to do for several years. This election to nothing comes after years of falling test scores, revolving superintendents, screaming matches between board members at public meetings and a growing dissatisfaction with every aspect of public education. The state board o
42、f education voted on March 22nd to take over the school district, effective in mid-June. Some prominent figures endorsed this course, including the mayor of St Louis, and even some members of the St Louis school board. Others in the city, though, are deeply opposed and ready to fight about it.Althou
43、gh the city schools overall have an amply deserved reputation for low standards, there are some good schools and many good students. The best students have the most to lose, fearing that the turmoil could damage their chances of getting into good universities. When the state education board voted on
44、 the takeover, a group of angry students, teachers and other members of the public tried to disrupt the meeting. Protesters are still trying to use the courts to stop the action, and the teachers union has threatened a strike.Under Missouri law the citys schools will now be placed under a three-memb
45、er board appointed by the governor, the mayor and the president of the board of aldermen. Governor Matt Blunts choice of Rick Sullivan, the head of a building firm, has already been attacked because of Mr Sullivans lack of experience in education and because he lives in one of the wealthiest suburbs
46、 outside the city.Mr Sullivan and the other members, who have yet to be appointed, have an almost impossible task before them. The district, which in the past five years has turned a $52m surplus into a $24.5m deficit, has already closed schools, cut services and squeezed spending hard. But as its c
47、ritics point out, the elected school board still found plenty of money for tours and public relations.The trickle of voters turning out for the pointless board election will pass banners celebrating the new season of the world baseball champions. St Louis has made huge progress in attracting a new g
48、eneration of young professionals to its downtown area, building new business developments and installing new infrastructure. The great failure in its schools puts all that in danger.（分数：10.00）(1).The underlined word “curious“ (Line 1, Paragraph 1) most probably implies that _（分数：2.00）A.the election
49、is very eager to understand the unknown world.B.the election is extremely careful and significant.C.the election is strange for its expensive cost and pointless result:D.the election is held by children who are curious of the world.(2).Which of the following is the most result of winners of the election?（分数：2
