1、考研英语-244 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BDirections:/BRead the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on Answer Sheet 1.With the Met Office predicting a summer heatwave, Macmillan Cancer Relief this weekU (1) /Uits customary
2、warning about the suns ultravioiet rays:U (2) /U, it says, for the huge rise in skin cancers affecting 70,000 people a year.U (3) /Ua hat and long-sleeved shirt, it advises, keep in theU (4) /Uin the middle of the day, and slapU (5) /Usuncream with a protection factor of 15 or above.We all know itU
3、(6) /U; its the message thats been drummed into us for the past 20 years. Too much sunU (7) /U. But now theres a fly in the suntan lotion, complicating the messages clarity. It comesU (8) /Ua thin, quietly-spoken and officially retired Nasa scientist, Professor William Grant, who says that sun doesn
4、t kill; in act, it does us the world ofU (9) /U. Whats killing us, he says, is ourU (10) /Uwith protecting ourselves from skin cancer.Grant is trying to turn the scientific worldU (11) /Udown. Talking to me on a trip to Britain this week, heU (12) /Uhis startling-and at first appearance off-the-wall
5、 new calculation thatU (13) /Uexcessive exposure to the sun is costing 1,600 deaths a year in the UK from melanoma skin cancers,U (14) /Uexposure to the sun is the cause of 25,000 deaths a year from cancer generally. In other words, one sixth of all cancer deaths could be preventedU (15) /Uwe sunned
6、 ourselves a little more; in comparison, the melanomaU (16) /Uis insignificant.The reason is vitamin D. Grant, the director of the Sunlight, Nutrition and Health Research Centre (SUNARC) heU (17) /Uin California a year ago, says that he and other scientists haveU (18) /Uvitamin D deficiency as a key
7、 causeU (19) /U17 different types of cancer including melanoma, osteoporosis, diabetes, multiple sclerosis and other neurologicalU (20) /U.（分数：10.00）A.issuedB.claimedC.declaredD.announcedA.quailifledB.relatingC.responsibleD.resultingA.Put onB.Take toC.Turn toD.Put offA.darknessB.rayC.shadeD.sunlight
8、A.withB.onC.inD.ontoA.stands waterB.reasonableC.soundD.makes senseA.devastatesB.killsC.hurtsD.injuresA.on the basis ofB.in the light ofC.by means ofD.in the form ofA.goodB.goodnessC.benefitsD.profitsA.obesityB.obsessionC.obscurityD.obscenityA.downsideB.insideC.upsideD.outsideA.underminedB.uncoveredC
9、.disclosedD.revealedA.becauseB.asC.whileD.whenA.efficientB.proficientC.ampleD.insufficientA.ifB.unlessC.lestD.sinceA.haphazardB.riskC.hazardD.dangerA.inventedB.foundedC.renovatedD.producedA.establishedB.convincedC.convictedD.witnessedA.forB.fromC.byD.behindA.sicknessB.symptomsC.disordersD.syndrome二、
10、BSection Readi(总题数：4，分数：40.00)BPart A/BBDirections:/BRead the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet 1. BText 1/BViolent lyrics in songs increase aggression - related thoughts and emotions and could indirectly create a m
11、ore hostile social environment, a study released on Sunday by a U. S. psychology association found. The Washington D.C. -based American Psychological Association (APA) released the study, resulting from five experiments involving over 500 college students, in the May issue of the Journal of Personal
12、ity and Social Psychology.The violent songs increased feelings of hostility without provocation or threat, according to the study. It said the effect was not the result of differences in musical style, specific performing artist or arousal properties of the songs. Even the humorous violent songs inc
13、reased aggressive thoughts, the study said.The group said the study contradicts a popular notion that listening to angry, violent music actually serves as a positive catharsis for people.The music industry came under criticism from lawmakers in October for failing to use more descriptive parental ad
14、visory labels that specify whether the music contains sex, violence or strong language.But the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) has said that current CD labels give parents enough information without violating the right to free expression. The RIAA is the trade group for the worlds f
15、ive big labels, including AOL Time Warner Inc. , EMI Group Plc., Bertelsmann AG, Vivendi Universals Universal Music and Sony CorpResults of the APAs experiments showed that violent songs led to more aggressive interpretations of ambiguously aggressive words and increased the relative speed with whic
16、h people read aggressive versus non-aggressive words. “Such aggression-biased interpretations can, in turn, instigate a more aggressive response, verbal or physical, than would have been emitted in a nonbiased state, thus provoking an aggressive escalatory spiral of antisocial exchanges,“ said resea
17、rcher Craig Anderson, in a statement.While researchers said repeated exposure to violent lyrics could indirectly create a more hostile social environment, they said it was possible the effects of violent songs may last only a fairly short time.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the study by APA, intensified
18、 aggression had nothing to do with _.（分数：2.00）A.actual performers of musicB.a more hostile environmentC.feelings of hostilityD.violent humors of the songs(2).The word “catharsis“ in Para. 3 most probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.an unpopular notionB.the removal of strong feelingsC.an increase of aggressiv
19、e emotionsD.the overreaction to violent lyrics(3).Which of the following statements is true?（分数：2.00）A.The researchers work was unpopular because of its biased conclusions.B.The music industry was accused of unclear specification of the nature of the songs.C.The current CD labels failed to specify w
20、hether the music is appropriate for youth.D.The music industry would have to yield to the pressure from the politicians.(4).Craig Anderson would probably agree that _.（分数：2.00）A.the relation between violent music and aggressive thoughts was ambiguousB.more experiments were needed to justify the resu
21、lts achieved so farC.antisocial exchanges could be ultimately attributed to violent songsD.nonbiased interpretations might cause more aggressive social responses(5).It can be concluded from the passage that _.（分数：2.00）A.some musical styles would lead to a short period of increased social hostilityB.
22、researchers were divided about the fundamental causes of aggressive emotionsC.parents neednt worry a lot about their kids occasional exposure to violent songsD.music industry would have to be more alert to violent words in its musicBText 2/BThe biggest danger facing the global airline industry is no
23、t the effects of terrorism, war, SARS and economic downturn. It is that these blows, which have helped ground three national flag carriers and force two American airlines into bankruptcy, will divert attention from the inherent weaknesses of aviation, which they have exacerbated. As in the crisis th
24、at attended the first Gulf War, many airlines hope that traffic will soon bounce back, and a few catastrophic years will be followed by fuller planes, happier passengers and a return to profitability. Yet the industrys problems are deeper-and older-than the trauma of the past two years implies.As th
25、e centenary of the first powered flight approaches in December, the industry it launched is still remarkably primitive. The car industry, created not long after the Wright Brothers made history, is now a global industry dominated by a dozen firms, at least half of which make good profits. Yet commer
26、cial aviation consists of 267 international carriers and another 500-plus domestic ones. The worlds biggest carrier, American Airlines, has barely 7% of the global market, whereas the worlds biggest carmaker, General Motors, has (with its associated firms) about a quarter of the worlds automobile ma
27、rket.Aviation has been incompletely deregulated, and in only two markets: America and Europe. Everywhere else, governments dictate who flies under what rules. These aim to preserve state-owned national flag-carriers, run for prestige rather than profit. And numerous restrictions on foreign ownership
28、 impede cross-border airline mergers.In America, the big network carriers face barriers to exit, which have kept their route networks too large. Trade unions resisting job cuts and Congressmen opposing route closures in their territory conspire to block change. In Europe, liberalization is limited b
29、y bilateral deals that prevent, for instance, British Airways (BA) flying to America from Frankfurt or Paris, or Lufthansa offering transatlantic flights from Londons Heathrow. To use the car industry analogy, it is as if only Renaults were allowed to drive on French motorways.In airlines, the optim
30、ists are those who think that things are now so had that the industry has no option but to evolve. Frederick Reid, president of Delta Air Lines, said earlier this year that events since the September 11th attacks are the equivalent of a meteor strike, changing the climate, creating a sort of nuclear
31、 winter and leading to a “compressed evolutionary cycle“. So how, looking on the bright side, might the industry look after five years of accelerated development?（分数：10.00）(1).According to the author, the deeper problems of aviation industry _.（分数：2.00）A.are the effects of various disastersB.are act
32、ually not fully recognizedC.are attracting a lot of attentionD.are not the real cause of airlines bankruptcy(2).One of the facts that reflect the primitiveness of airline industry is _.（分数：2.00）A.its history is much longer than that of car industryB.it is composed of international and domestic carri
33、ersC.its market is divided by many a relatively small carrierD.it is still an industry of comparatively low profits(3).What does the author mean by “Aviation has been incompletely deregulated “(Para. 3)?（分数：2.00）A.Governmental restrictions are still imposed on aviation industry in many areas.B.Gover
34、nments help establish rules for aviation industry only in America and Europe.C.Some countries hope to help their national carriers keep up their national prestige.D.Many countries discourage merger plans between foreign and domestic carriers.(4).It can be inferred from the passage that _.（分数：2.00）A.
35、free competition may help solve the problems confronting aviation industryB.problems in America are more of a political nature than that in EuropeC.car industry should exert a more powerful influence on aviation industryD.there is still a long way to go before the problems can be solved(5).According
36、 to Fredrick Reid, the aviation industry _.（分数：2.00）A.is facing a very serious situationB.will confront a difficult evolutionC.has no way out of the present difficultyD.will experience a radical reformBText 3/BIn the college-admissions wars, we parents are the true fighters. Were pushing our kids to
37、 get good grades, take SAT preparatory courses and build resumes so they can get into the college of our first choice. We say our motives are selfless and sensible. A degree from Stanford or Princeton is the ticket for life. If Aaron and Nicole dont get in, theyre forever doomed. Gosh, were delusion
38、al.Ive twice been to the wars, and as I survey the battlefield, something different is happening. Its the one-upmanship among parents. We see our kids college rating as medals proving how well or how poorly weve raised them. But we cant acknowledge that our obsession is more about us than them. So w
39、eve contrived various justifications that turn out to be half-truths, prejudices or myths. It actually doesnt matter much whether Aaron and Nicole go to Stanford.Admissions anxiety afflicts only a minority of parents. Its true that getting into college has generally become tougher because the number
40、 of high-school graduates has grown. From 1994 to 2006, the increase is 28 percent. Still, 64 percent of freshmen attend schools where acceptance rates exceed 70 percent, and the application surge at elite schools dwarfs population growth. Take Yale. In 1994, it accepted 18. 9 percent of 12, 991 app
41、licants; this year it admitted only 8.6 percent of 21,000.We have a full-blown prestige panic; we worry that there wont be enough medals to go around. Fearful parents prod their children to apply to more schools than ever. “The epicenters (of parental anxiety) used to be on the coasts, Boston, New Y
42、ork, Washington, Los Angeles,“ says Tom Parker, Amhersts admissions dean. “But its radiated throughout the country.“Underlying the hysteria is the belief that scarce elite degrees must be highly valuable. Their graduates must enjoy more success because they get a better education and develop better
43、contacts. All thats plausible and mostly wrong. “We havent found any convincing evidence that selectivity or prestige matters,“ says Ernest T. Pascarella of the University of Iowa, co author of “How College Affects Students,“ an 827-page evaluation of hundreds of studies of the college experience. S
44、elective schools dont systematically employ better instructional approaches than less-selective schools, according to a study by Pascarella and George Kuh of Indiana University. Some do; some dont. On two measures professors feedback and the number of essay exams selective schools do slightly worse.
45、（分数：10.00）(1).In the authors eyes, parents pushing their kids to an elite degree are _.（分数：2.00）A.aggressiveB.misguidedC.reasonableD.failing(2).We can infer from the second paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.the author used to serve in the armyB.kids poorly brought up may hope to be acceptedC.there is a se
46、vere competition between poorly and well bred kidsD.failure to be admitted by selective schools may reflect badly on parents(3).Which of the following statements is true according to the text?（分数：2.00）A.Most parents feel certain that their kids will be accepted by a college.B.High school graduates f
47、ind it difficult to be admitted into a college.C.Fewer high school graduates apply to elite schools than before.D.Parents on the coasts are more worried about their kids admission.(4).According to Ernest T. Pascarella, elite schools _.（分数：2.00）A.do not live up to their prestigeB.are not right to sel
48、ect their applicantsC.do not ensure a students successD.are not strictly selective(5).All of the following words are used to describe the authors views of parents EXCEPT _.（分数：2.00）A.“anxiety“B.“delusional“C.“obsession“D.“sensible“BText 4/BThe U. S, Supreme Courts decision Monday to let stand a ruling in an online defamation case will make it more difficult to determine correct legal jurisdictions in other Internet cases, legal experts said.By opting not to take the case, the high court effectively endorsed a lower courts decision that a Colorado company t
