1、考研英语-226 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BDirections:/BRead the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.Currently, the American armed forces are the largest professional military on the planet. OtherU (1) /Uha
2、ve professional soldiers,U (2) /Unot as many as the United States. For thousands of years, it wasU (3) /Uthat professional soldiers were superior toU (4) /Utimers. ButU (5) /Umost of history, few nations couldU (6) /Uan army of professionals, at least not on a permanent basis. It washtU (7) /Uthe la
3、te 20th century that countries began toU (8) /Ularge, permanent, all-volunteer armed forces that were carefullyU (9) /Uand trained for combat. Britain was the first, when it phased out conscription in 1962. In 1975, the United States followedU (10) /U. For over a century, conscription has been seenU
4、 (11) /Uthe way to remainU (12) /Ustrong without breaking the bank. But the conscripts did not stay in uniform long enough to get really good at fighting. Britain and American were the first two nations to realize that conscription was soU (13) /Uthat the voters would pay extra toU 14 /Ua profession
5、al force. Within a decade, an army of professionals begins to payU (15) /U. The professionals are not only moreU (16) /Uon the battlefield, but are also, if carefullyU (17) /U(for education and aptitude) more likely to constantly develop better ways toU (18) /UThis produces a tremendous battlefieldU
6、 (19) /UIt doesnt make youU (20) /U, but it does make you very difficult to defeat.（分数：10.00）A.racesB.areasC.nationsD.disciplinesA.andB.butC.orD.notwithstandingA.recognizedB.revisedC.suspendedD.suspectedA.unintelligibleB.passiveC.partD.universalA.inB.throughoutC.forD.unlikeA.affordB.purchaseC.stream
7、lineD.scrutinizeA.duringB.beforeC.inD.untilA.establishB.integrateC.interveneD.facilitateA.evokedB.carveC.evacuatedD.recruitedA.outletB.suitC.therapyD.originA.inB.byC.asD.onA.militarilyB.theoreticallyC.physicallyD.mentallyA.strenuousB.invalidC.prudentD.unpopularA.propelB.muteC.maintainD.opposeA.forB.
8、upC.outD.offA.fragileB.lethalC.punctualD.vulnerableA.notifiedB.provokedC.selectedD.manifestedA.liberateB.impartC.hinderD.fightA.advantageB.harmonyC.hazardD.savageA.invariableB.invincibleC.robustD.rigorous二、BSection Readi(总题数：4，分数：40.00)BPart A/BBDirections:/BRead the following four texts. Answer the
9、 questions below each text by choosing A, B., C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.BText 1/BIn 1929 John D. Rockefeller decided it was time to sell shares when even a shoeshine boy offered him a share tip. During the past week The Economists economics editor has been advised by a taxi driver,
10、 a plumber and a hairdresser that “you cant go wrong“ investing in housingthe more you own the better. Is this a sign that it is time to get out.? At the very least, as house prices around the world climb to everloftier heights, and more and more people jump on to the buy-to-let ladder, it is time t
11、o expose some of the fallacies regularly trotted out by so many self-appointed housing experts.One common error is that house prices must continue to rise because of a limited supply of land. For instance, it is argued that “house prices will always rise in London because lots of people want to live
12、 here“. But this confuses the level of prices with their rate of change. Home prices are bound to be higher in big cities because of land scarcity, but this does not guarantee that urban house prices will keep rising indefinitelyjust look at Tokyos huge price-drops since 1990. And, though it is true
13、 that a fixed supply of homes may push up house prices if the population is rising, this would imply a steady rise in prices, not the 20% annual jumps of recent years.A second flawed argument is that low interest rates make buying a home cheaper, and so push up demand and prices. Lower interest rate
14、s may have allowed some people, who otherwise could not have afforded a mortgage, to buy a home. But many borrowers who think mortgages are cheaper are suffering from money illusion.Interest rates are not very low in real, inflation-adjusted terms. Initial interest payments may seem low in relation
15、to income, but because inflation is also low it will not erode the real burden of debt as swiftly as it once did. So in later years mortgage payments will be much larger in real terms. To argue that low nominal interest rates make buying a home cheaper is like arguing that a car loan paid off over f
16、our years is cheaper than one repaid over two years.Fallacy number three is a favourite claim of Alan Greenspan, chairman of Americas Federal Reserve. This is that price bubbles are less likely in housing than in the stock- market because higher transaction costs discourage speculation. In fact, sev
17、eral studies have shown that both in theory and in practice bubbles are more likely in housing than in shares. A study by the IMF finds that a sharp rise in house prices is far more likely to be followed by a bust than a share-price boom.（分数：10.00）(1).The term “fallacies“ (Line 7, Paragraph 1) most
18、probably means（分数：2.00）A.ridiculous strategiesB.obsolete methodologiesC.mistaken beliefsD.far-fetched assertions(2).What is the relationship between the opening paragraph and the rest of the text?（分数：2.00）A.The deadly sins are singled out in the first paragraph and then denied by the au- thor of the
19、 text.B.A generalization is made in the opening paragraph and elaborated in the follow- ing paragraphs.C.The unusual anecdotes are quoted in the first paragraph and then articulated in the following paragraphs.D.A generalization is advanced in the opening paragraph and refuted in the follow- ing par
20、agraphs.(3).The author of the text makes a comparison in_.（分数：2.00）A.Paragraph 4B.concluding paragraphC.Paragraph 2D.opening paragraph(4).The views of Alan Greenspan and the author of the text on price bubbles are（分数：2.00）A.complementaryB.identicalC.oppositeD.similar(5).To which of the following is
21、the author likely to agree?（分数：2.00）A.It is time to illustrate some popular fallacies about buying a home.B.Some popular flawed arguments about buying a home should be made known to the public for the time being.C.People should be punctual in business dealings of shares and housing.D.Alan Greenspans
22、 claim can hold water with respect to fallacy member three.BText 2/BMany countries have a tradition of inviting foreigners to rule them. The English called in William of Orange in 1688, and, depending on your interpretation of history, William of Normandy in 1066. Both did rather a good job. Returni
23、ng the compliment, Albania asked a well-bred Englishman called Aubgrey Herbert to be their king in the 1920s. He refusedand they ended up with several coves called Zog.America, the country of immigrants, has no truck with imported foreign talent. Article two of the constitution says that “no person
24、except a natural-born citizen, shall be eligible to the office of the president“. This is now being challenged by a particularly irresistible immigrant: Arnold Schwarzcnegger.Barely a year has passed since the erstwhile cyborg swept to victory in Californias recall election, yet there is already an
25、Amend-for-Arnold campaign collecting signatures to let the Austrian-born governor have a go at the White House. George Bush senior has weighed in on his behalf. There are several “Arnold amendments“ in Congress: one al- lows foreigners who have been naturalized citizens for 20 years to become presid
26、ent. (The Austrian became American in 1983. )It is easy to dismiss the hoopla as another regrettable example of loopy celebrity politics. Mr. Schwarzenegger has made a decent start as governor, but he bas done little, as yet, to change the structure of his dysfunctional state. Indeed, even if the la
27、w were changed, he could well be elbowed aside by another incomer, this time from Canada: the Democratic governor of Michigan, Jennifer Granholm, who appears to have fewer skeletons in her closet than the hedonistic actor.Moreover, changing the American constitution is no doddle. It has happened onl
28、y 17 times since 1791 (when the first ten amendments were codified as the bill of rights). To change the constitution, an amendment has to be approved by two-thirds of both houses of Congress, and then to be ratified by three-quarters of the 50 states. The Arnold amendment is hardly in the same cate
29、gory as abolishing slavery or giving women the vote. And, as some wags point out, Austrian imports have a pretty dodgy record of running mil- itary superpowers.（分数：10.00）(1).The author of the text makes a contrast in_.（分数：2.00）A.Paragraph 3 and Paragraph 4B.the opening paragraphC.Paragraph 1 and Par
30、agraph 2D.the concluding paragraph(2).The phrase “has no truck with“ (Line 1, Paragraph 2 most probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.lacks means of transportation forB.never discriminateC.have no vehicle toD.refuses to consider(3).Compared with Jennifer Granholm, Mr. Schwarzenegger is at disadvantage due to_.（
31、分数：2.00）A.more embarrassing secretsB.previous actor backgroundC.excessive garment decorationD.less slender figure(4).The word “cyborg“ ( Line 1, Paragraph 3) most probably refers to_.（分数：2.00）A.Aubgrey HerbertB.George Bush seniorC.William of OrangeD.Arnold Schwarzenegger(5).It can be inferred from t
32、he concluding paragraph that_.（分数：2.00）A.the American constitution is changeable and falls into a vicious cycleB.there is a faint chance that legal adjustments are made for Arnold runningC.abolishing slaver Yand granting women the vote given an impetus to Arnold runningD.both houses of Congress hold
33、 whether he deserves to win is another matterBText 3/BA pair of dice, rolled again and again, will eventually produce two sixes. Similarly, the virus that causes influenza is constantly changing at random and, one day, will mutate in a way that will enable it to infect billions of people, and to kil
34、l millions. Many experts now believe a global outbreak of pandemic flu is overdue, and that the next one could be as bad as the one in 1918, which killed somewhere between 25m and 50m peo-pie. Today however, advances in medicine offer real hope that another such outbreak can be containedif governmen
35、ts start preparing now.New research published this week suggests that a relatively small stockpile of an anti-viral drugas little as 3m dosescould be enough to limit sharply a flu pandemic if the drugs were deployed quickly to people in the area surrounding the initial outbreak. The drugs manufactur
36、er, Roche, is talking to the World Health Organisation about donating such a stockpile.This is good news. But much more needs to be done, especially with a nasty strain of avian flu spreading in Asia which could mutate into a threat to humans. Since the SARS outbreak in 2003 a few countries have dev
37、eloped plans in preparation for similar episodes. But progress has been shamefully patchy, and there is still far too little international co-ordination.A global stockpile of drugs alone would not be much use without an adequate system of surveillance to identify early cases and a way of delivering
38、treatment quickly. If an out- break occurred in a border region, for example, a swift response would most likely depend on prior agreements between different countries about quarantine and containment.Reaching such agreements is rarely easy, but that makes the task all the more urgent. Rich countrie
39、s tend to be better prepared than poor ones, but this should be no consolation to them. Flu does not respect borders. It is in everyones interest to make sure that developing countries, especially in Asia, are also well prepared. Many may bridle at interference from outside. But if richer nations we
40、re willing to donate anti-viral drugs and guarantee a supply of any vaccine that becomes available, poorer nations might be willing to reach agreements over surveillance and preparedness.Simply sorting out a few details now will have lives ( and recriminations) later. Will there be enough ventilator
41、s, makes and drugs? Where will people be treated if the hospitals overflow7 Will food be delivered as normal? Too many countries have no answers to these questions.（分数：10.00）(1).The word “contained“ (Line 7, Paragraph 1) most probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.checkedB.duplicatedC.includedD.forecast(2).Acco
42、rding to the text, it is upsetting that _.（分数：2.00）A.the flu-catching is more pervasive the world overB.the cause of initial outbreak has not been identifiedC.global co-ordination is yet to well developD.people still have no answers concerning surveillance and containment(3).The speed of remedy disp
43、atch is of importance to _.（分数：2.00）A.the recovery of the infected patientB.the treatment of the ailing suffererC.the prevention of a flu pandemicD.the efficiency of large supply of drugs(4).According to the text, which of the followings is not readily made_.（分数：2.00）A.publications of new research w
44、ith respect to the supply of the interference from outsideB.construction of an adequate system Of surveillance of early influenza casesC.availability of anti-viral drugs and any vaccine in underdeveloped nationsD.contracts between various nations concerning quarantine and containment(5).The best tit
45、le for the text could be_.（分数：2.00）A.The World Must Prepare for Pandemic InfluenzaB.Similar Episodes of Initial Outbreak Are Always Evasive to LaymenC.The Government Should Take Lead in the Prevention of Pandemic InfluenzaD.The World Health Organization Must Authorize the Relevant Rescue System as I
46、s Discussed in the TextBText 4/BCompanies have embarked on what looks like the beginnings of a re-run of the mergers and acquisitions (M and it explains, in part, why their management development programs are not effective.(49) UWhat managerial aspirants should be taught is how to exercise their aut
47、hority in a way that is appropriate to the situation and the people involved/U. They need to learn that the real source of their power is their own knowledge and skill, and the strength of their own personalities, not the authority conferred on them by their positions. When they lack the knowledge o
48、r skill required to perform the work, they need to know how to share their authority. (50) UBut when they know What has to be done and have the skill and personality to get it done, they must exercise their traditional authority in whatever way is necessary./U（分数：10.00）(1).（分数：2.00）_(2).（分数：2.00）_(3).（分数：2.00）_(4).（分
