1、考研英语-225 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BDirections:/BRead the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, and D on ANSWER SHEET 1. The earliest controversies about the relationship between photography and art centered on whether phot
2、ographers fidelity to appearances and dependence on a machine allowed it to be a fine artU (1) /Udistinctive from merely a practical art. Throughout the nineteenth century, the defense of photography was identical with theU (2) /Uto establish it as a fine art.U (3) /Uthe charge that photographers wa
3、s a soulless mechanical duplication ofU (4) /U, photographersU (5) /Uthat it was instead a privilegedU (6) /Uof seeing, a revolt against commonplace vision, andU (7) /Uworthy an art than painting.Ironically,U (8) /Uphotography is securely established as a fine art, many photographers find it pretent
4、ious orU (9) /Uto label it as such. Serious photographers are no longer willing toU (10) /Uwhether photography is not involved with art,U (11) /Uto proclaim that their own work is not involved with it. This shows the extentU (12) /Uwhich they simply take for granted the concept of art imposed by the
5、U (13) /Uof Modernism: the better the art, the more subversive it is of the traditional aims of art.Photographers disclaimers of any interest in making art tell us more about the troubled status of the contemporaryU (14) /Uof artU (15) /Uabout whether photography is or is not art. Photography,U (16)
6、 /UPop painting, reassures viewers that art is not hard; photography seems to be more about its subjects than about art.Photography,U (17) /U, has developed all theU (18) /Uand self-consciousness of a classic Modernist art. Many professionals privately have begun to worry that theU (19) /Uof photogr
7、aphy as an activity subversive of the traditional pretensions of art has gone so far that the public will forget that photography is a distinctive and exalted activity-U (20) /U, an art.（分数：10.00）A.forB.apartC.asD.besideA.intendB.wishC.pleaD.struggleA.AgainstB.AboveC.WithD.UponA.ideaB.realityC.illus
8、ionD.truthA.consentedB.assertedC.complainedD.assumedA.meansB.styleC.mediumD.wayA.no lessB.much moreC.no moreD.any moreA.if onlyB.even thoughC.now thatD.only ifA.illogicalB.improbableC.improperD.irrelevantA.rallyB.debateC.estimateD.revisionA.butB.exceptC.onlyD.besidesA.withB.atC.toD.fromA.preachB.def
9、eatC.returnD.triumphA.fashionB.swingC.motionD.imageA.thanB.thatC.whichD.asA.likeB.such asC.excludingD.aside fromA.henceB.howeverC.thereforeD.somewhatA.agoniesB.grievancesC.passionsD.anxietiesA.popularityB.assignmentC.promotionD.transferA.in shortB.for exampleC.in effectD.in a sense二、BSection Readi(总
10、题数：4，分数：40.00)BPart A/BBDirections:/BReading the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.BText 1/BFew people would defend the Victorian attitude to children, but if you were a parent in those days, at least you knew whe
11、re you stood: children were to be seen and not heard. Freud and his company did away with all that and parents have been bewildered ever since. The childs happiness is all-important, the psychologists say, but what about the parents happiness? Parents suffer continually from fear and guilt while the
12、ir children gaily romp about pulling the place apart. A good “old-fashioned“ spanking is out of the question: no modern child-rearing manual would permit such barbarity. The trouble is you are not allowed even to shout. Who knows what deep psychological wounds you might inflict? The poor child may n
13、ever recover from the dreadful traumatic experience. So it is that parents bend over backwards to avoid giving their children complexes which a hundred years ago hadnt even been heard of. Certainly a child needs love, and a lot of it. But the excessive permissiveness of modern parents is surely doin
14、g more harm than good.Psychologists have succeeded in undermining parents confidence in their own authority. And it hasnt taken children long to get wind of the fact. In addition to the great modern classics on child-care, there are countless articles in magazines and newspapers. With so much unsoli
15、cited advice flying about, mum and dad just dont know what to do any more. In the end, they do nothing at all. So, from early childhood, the kids are in charge and parents lives are regulated according to the needs of their offspring. When the little dears develop into teenagers, they take complete
16、control. Lax authority over the years makes adolescent rebellion against parents all the more violent. If the young people are going to have a party, for instance, parents are asked to leave the house. Their presence merely spoils the fun. What else can the poor parents do but obey?Children are hard
17、y creatures (far hardier than the psychologists would have us believe) and most of them survive the harmful influence of extreme permissiveness which is the normal condition in the modern household. But a great many do not. The spread of juvenile delinquency in our own age is largely due to parental
18、 laxity. Mother, believing that little Johnny can look after himself, is not at home when he returns from school, so little Johnny roams the streets. The dividing-line between permissiveness and sheer negligence is very fine indeed.The psychologists have much to answer for. They should keep their mo
19、uths shut and let parents get on with the job. And if children are knocked about a little bit in the process, it may not really matter too much. At least this will help them to develop vigorous views of their own and give them something positive to react against. Perhaps theres some truth in the ide
20、a that children who have had a surfeit of happiness in .their childhood appear like stodgy puddings and fail .to make a success of life.（分数：10.00）(1).What is implied in the first sentence?（分数：2.00）A.There is no defense for Victorian attitude.B.Freud advice leaves children running wild.C.Parents cann
21、ot be too strict with their children.D.Child-care books prove outdated and harmful.(2).The author asserts that in the face of excessive amounts of child-care literature, parents are（分数：2.00）A.at a loss.B.on the alert.C.under fire.D.in the dark.(3).What does the author wants to illustrate with Johnny
22、 roaming the streets?（分数：2.00）A.An instance of arbitrariness.B.A consequence of permissiveness.C.A prototype of classics.D.An example of irresponsibility.(4).From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that children who enjoy all-important happiness will（分数：2.00）A.stay away from the harmful
23、influence of extreme permissiveness.B.fall victim to deep psychological wounds they experience at childhood.C.give full play to the development of the vigorous views of their own.D.grow up to be more psychologically immature and irresponsible adults.(5).It seems that the author is most critical of（分
24、数：2.00）A.social educators authority.B.children rebellion.C.psychologists misguidance.D.parents confusion.BText 2/BThomas Hardys impulses as a writer, all of which indulged in his novels, were numerous and divergent, and they did not always work together in harmony. Hardy was to some degree intereste
25、d in exploring his characters psychologies, though impelled less by curiosity than by sympathy. Occasionally he felt the impulse to comedy (in all its detached coldness) as well as the impulse to farce, but he was more often inclined to see tragedy and record it. He was also inclined to literary rea
26、lism in the several senses of that phrase; He wanted to describe ordinary human beings. He wanted to speculate on their dilemmas rationally (and, unfortunately even schematically); and he wanted to record precisely the material universe. Finally, he wanted to be more than a realist. He wanted to tra
27、nscend what he considered to be the banality of solely recording things exactly and to express as well his awareness of the occult and the strange.In his novels these various impulses were sacrificed to each other inevitably and often inevitably, because Hardy did not care in the way that novelists
28、such as Flaubert or James learned, and therefore took paths of least resistance. Thus one impulse often surrendered to a fresher one and, unfortunately, instead of exacting a compromise, simply disappeared. A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give way abruptly to the desire o
29、n the part of what we might consider a novelist scientist to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower.In this instance, the new impulse was at least an energetic one. And thus its indulgence did not result in a Urelaxed/U style. But on other occasions Hardy abandoned a per
30、ilous risky and highly energizing impulse in favor of what was for him the fatally relaxing impulse to classify and schematize abstractly. When a relaxing impulse was indulged, the style-that sure index of an authors literary worth-was certain to become verbose.Hardys weakness derived from his appar
31、ent inability to control the comings and goings of these divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energetic and risky ones. He submitted of first one and then another, and the spirit blew where it listed; hence the unevenness of any one of his novels. His most contr
32、olled novel, UUnder the Greenwood Tree/U, prominently exhibits two different but reconcilable impulses-a desire to be a realist-historian and a desire to be a psychologist of love but the slight interlockings of plot are not enough to bind the two completely together. Thus even this book splits into
33、 two distinct parts.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the passage, based on its content?（分数：2.00）A.Hardys Novelistic Style: A Literary Light.B.Hardys Creative Conflict: Rationalism and Realism.C.Hardys Achievements: An Ambiguous Triumph.D.Hardys Novelistic Impuls
34、es: The Problem of Conflicts.(2).The author mentions Hardys novel “Under the Greenwood Tree“ to justify his comments on（分数：2.00）A.his awareness of profundity.B.his contrastive impulses.C.his tendency to compromise.D.his nonconformist image.(3).Which of the following words could best be substituted f
35、or “relaxed“ (Paragraph 3) without substantially changing the authors meaning?（分数：2.00）A.Wordy.B.Spontaneous.C.Concise.D.Commonplace.(4).As pointed out in the passage, the exposition of the structure and texture of a flower is a good example of（分数：2.00）A.sensitivity.B.obscurity.C.preciseness.D.devia
36、tion.(5).Concerning literary realism as mentioned in the passage, which of the following would the author be most likely to agree with?（分数：2.00）A.Novelists of literary realism reconcile a compromise in their impulses.B.The term “literary realism“ is susceptible to more than a single definition.C.The
37、 label of “literary realism“ is too all-inclusive to be clearly specified.D.Chances are slim that writers integrate different desires into their works.BText 3/BNever has a straitjacket seemed so ill-fitting or so insecure. The Euro areas “Stability and Growth Pact“ was supposed to stop irresponsible
38、 member states running excessive budget deficits, defined as 3% of GDP or more. Chief among the restraints was the threat of large fines if member governments breached the limit for three years in a row. For some time now, no one has seriously believed those restraints would hold. In the early hours
39、 of Tuesday November 25th, the Euros fiscal straitjacket finally came apart at the seams.The pacts fate was sealed over an extended dinner meeting of the euro areas 12 finance ministers. They chewed over the sorry fiscal record of the Euros two largest members, France and Germany. Both governments r
40、an deficits of more than 3% of GDP last year and will do so again this year. Both expect to breach the limit for the third time in 2004. Earlier this year the European Commission, which polices the pact, agreed to give both countries an extra year, until 2005, to bring their deficits back into line.
41、 But it also instructed them to revisit their budget plans for 2004 and make extra cuts. France was asked to cut its underlying, cyclically adjusted deficit by a full 1% of GDP, Germany by 0.8%. Both resisted.Under the pacts hales, the commissions prescriptions have no force until formally endorsed
42、in a vote by the Euro areas finance ministers known as the “Eurogroup.“ And the votes were simply not there. Instead, the Euro-group agreed on a set of proposals of its own, drawn up by the Italian finance minister, Giulio Tremonti. France will cut its structural deficit by 0.8% of GDP next year, Ge
43、rmany by 0.6%. In 2005, both will bring their deficits below 3%, economic growth permitting. Nothing will enforce or guarantee this agreement except France and Germanys word. The European Central Bank (ECB) was alarmed at this outcome, the commission was dismayed, and the smaller Euro-area countries
44、 who opposed the deal were apoplectic: treaty law was giving way to the U“Franco-German steamroller,“/U as Le Figaro, a French newspaper, put it.This seething anger will sour European politics and may spill over into negotiations on a proposed EU constitution. Having thrown their weight around this
45、week, France and Germany may find other smaller members more reluctant than ever to give ground in the negotiations on the document. Spain opposes the draft constitution because it will give it substantially less voting weight than it currently enjoys. It sided against France and Germany on Tuesday,
46、 and will point to their fiscal transgressions to show that the EUs big countries do not deserve the extra power the proposed constitution will give them.（分数：10.00）(1).The Euros fiscal straitjacket is mentioned to show（分数：2.00）A.the challenge of large fines.B.the broken limit of GDP.C.the restraints
47、 of the pact.D.the belief of Euros members.(2).Which of the following can best describe the Euro areas finance ministers?（分数：2.00）A.Active but discouraged.B.Earnest and powerful.C.Cautious but vigorous.D.Feeble and vulnerable.(3).According to the text, what annoys the Euro area is that France and Ge
48、rmany refuse to（分数：2.00）A.agree on an EU constitution.B.define their GDP as 3%.C.respect Euros finance members.D.control their budget deficits.(4).The phrase “Franco-German steamroller“ (Para 3) as used in the text denotes（分数：2.00）A.sudden alarms.B.substantial might.C.extra efforts.D.sheer reluctanc
49、e.(5).It can be safely concluded from the text that smaller members of the Euro area would become more（分数：2.00）A.vocal in their own interests.B.angry in face of potential threats.C.considerate of large members.D.supportive of a proposed treaty.BText 4/BEver since this governments term began, the attitu
