1、考研英语-1 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Directions :Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.In the United States, older people rarely live with their adult children. But in many other cultures children
2、 are expected to careU U 1 /U /Utheir aged parents. In some parts of Italy, the percentage of adult children whoU U 2 /U /Uwith their parentsU U 3 /U /U65 to 70 percent. In Thailand, too, children are expected to take care of their elderly parents; few Thai elderly liveU U 4 /U /U. What explains the
3、se differences in living arrangementsU U 5 /U /Ucultures? Modernization theoryU U 6 /U /Uthe extended family household to low levels of economic development. In traditional societies, the elderly live with their children in large extended family units for economic reasons. But with modernization, ch
4、ildren move to urban areas, leaving old peopleU U 7 /U /UinU U 8 /U /Urural areas. Yet modernization theory cannot explain why extended family households were never common in the United States or England, or why families in Italy, which is fully modernized,U U 9 /U /Ua strong tradition of intergener
5、ational living. Clearly, economic development alone cannot explainU U 10 /U /Uliving arrangements. Another theory associated intergenerational living arrangements with inheritance patterns. In some cultures, the stem family pattern of inheritanceU U 11 /U /U.U U 12 /U /Uthis system, parents live wit
6、h a married child, usually the oldest son, who thenU U 13 /U /Utheir property when they die. The stem family system was once common in Japan, but changes in inheritance laws,U U 14 /U /Ubroader social changes broughtU U 15 /U /Uby industrialization and urbanization, haveU U 16 /U /UtheU U 17 /U /U.I
7、n 1960 about 80 percent of Japanese over 65 lived with their children; by 1990 only 60 percent did-a figure that is still high U U 18 /U /UU.S. standards, but which has beenU U 19 /U /Usteadily. In Korea, too, traditional living arrangements areU U 20 /U /U: the percentage of aged Koreans who live w
8、ith a son declined from 77 percent in 1984 to 50 percent just 10 years later. Although most elderly Koreans still expect to live with a son, their adult children do not expect to live with their children when they grow old.（分数：10.00）(1). A. about B. after C. for D. over（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2). A. resid
9、e B. recite C. redeem D. rebel（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3). A. amasses B. amounts C. attains D. reaches（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4). A. lone B. alone C. lonesome D. lonely（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5). A. over B. across C. within D. above（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6). A. associated B. linked C. united D. combined（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7)
10、. A. aside B. after C. over D. behind（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8). A. isolated B. segregated C. idealized D. secluded（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9). A. maintain B. promote C. reserve D. support（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10). A. appointed B. assigned C. preserved D. preferred（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11). A. controls B. overtakes C. p
11、redominates D. overwhelms（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12). A. at B. under C. by D. over（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13). A. delivers B. conveys C. conceives D. inherits（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14). A. as well as B. might as well C. as well D. well as（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15). A. off B. up C. around D. about（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16). A.
12、 undermined B. decreased C. diminished D. defeated（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17). A. authority B. usage C. habit D. tradition（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18). A. by B. on C. with D. in（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19). A. inclining B. reclining C. declining D. reducing（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20). A. receding B. removing C. invading D. e
13、roding（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、BSection Readi(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、BPart A/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、BText 1/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)While its easy to get swept up in the commercialism at major sports events, one shouldnt ignore the transformative capacity of sport to produce social change. Historically, the potential for sp
14、orts lies not with the values they promote, since they are invariably unjust and uneven. Instead, the possibilities that exist within sports are those that bridge divides between societies with radically different views of the world.The concept of an “Olympic Truce“ is noteworthy in terms of recogni
15、sing the role of international non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in influencing and brokering international relations. An Olympic Truce was launched on January 24, 1994 for the period of the Lillehammer Winter Games in an attempt to resolve the conflict in Yugoslavia. This Olympic Truce involved
16、 representatives from the World Health Organisation (WHO), UNICEF, the Red Cross, the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, and the Norwegian Government. These groups evacuated coaches, athletes, and members of the national Olympic committee from Sarajevo so that they could compete in the Games.Many Af
17、rican runners have provided an exhilarating spectacle for global audiences. Maria Mutola, the Mozambican former Olympic and five-time world indoor 800m champion and world record holder, routinely sends track winnings back to her country. Chamanchulo, the suburb of Maputo in which Mutola grew up, is
18、ravaged by HIV, passed on in childbirth or breast milk to 40 percent of the children. In 2003 when Mutola became the first athlete to collect 1million for outright victory on the Golden League Athletic Grand Prix Circuit, part of the cash went to the foundation she endowed to help provide scholarshi
19、ps, clothing, education, and coaching for young athletes. Farms and small businesses have often been sustained by her winnings on the circuit, which have purchased tractors, fertilizer, and equipment to drill small wells.Catherine Astrid Salome Freeman became the first Aboriginal to represent Austra
20、lia at the Olympics, at Barcelona in 1992 and became its first world champion and first Olympic champion. In doing so she became a symbol for reconciliation between a black and white Australia. Her grandmother, Alice Sibley, was one of the members of the so-called “stolen generation. “ She was taken
21、 from her parents at the age of eight by a reviled 1950s Australian government policy that removed Aboriginal children removed from their parents and resettled them with white families. Her Olympic success has perhaps helped to change the face of prejudice, almost a taboo subject in a modern Austral
22、ia. She herself had become perhaps one of Australias greatest sporting icons but also a symbol of the struggle that aboriginal Australians had to endure in order to win social, civil, and political rights.（分数：10.00）(1).From the first paragraph, we know that the passage is going to center on the role
23、 of sports to_. A. spread values B. cause social changes C. create different views D. promote commercialism（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The example of Yugoslavia is quoted in paragraph 2 to show that sports can_. A. provide aids B. assist NGO development C. support peace building D. promote internationalism
24、（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The example of Maria Mutola is used to prove that_. A. people from underdeveloped regions can also win championships with due help B. many people like her can provide hope for other people C. success will bring with it financial benefits D. victory will come one after another on
25、ce it gets started（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The word “reconciliation“ most probably means_. A. the reestablishing of cordial relations B. the process of separating C. the regaining of a social statue D. the formation of certain social values（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).It can be inferred from the passage that in
26、 1950s,_. A. children from aboriginal families can not go to the same school with other children B. aboriginal children have to leave their own families when they reach a certain age C. aboriginal children can not visit white families D. all the aboriginal people have no rights at all（分数：2.00）A.B.C.
27、D.五、BText 2/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Self-esteem is the collection of beliefs or feelings we have about ourselves, our “self-perceptions. “ How we define ourselves influences our motivations, attitudes, and behaviors and affects our emotional adjustment.Patterns of self-esteem start very early in life. For
28、example, a Utoddler/U who reaches a milestone experiences a sense of accomplishment that bolsters self-esteem. Learning to roll over after dozens of unsuccessful attempts teaches a baby a “can-do“ attitude.The concept of success following persistence starts early. As kids try, fail, try again, fail
29、again, and then finally succeed, they develop ideas about their own capabilities. At the same time, theyre creating a self-concept based on interactions with other people. This is why parental involvement is important to helping kids form accurate, healthy self-perceptions.Self-esteem fluctuates as
30、kids grow. Its frequently changed and fine-tuned, because it is affected by a childs experiences and new perceptions. So it helps to be aware of the signs of both healthy and unhealthy self-esteem. Kids with low self-esteem may not want to try new things, and may frequently speak negatively about th
31、emselves. They tend to be overly critical of and easily disappointed in themselves. Kids with low self-esteem see temporary setbacks as permanent, intolerable conditions, and a sense of pessimism predominates. Kids with healthy self-esteem tend to enjoy interacting with others. Theyre comfortable in
32、 social settings and enjoy group activities as well as independent pursuits. When challenges arise, they can work toward finding solutions and voice discontent without belittling themselves or others.How can a parent help to foster healthy self-esteem in a child? Kids who dont feel safe or are abuse
33、d at home will suffer immensely from low self-esteem. A child who is exposed to parents who fight and argue repeatedly may become depressed and withdrawn. Also watch for signs of abuse by others, problems in school, trouble with peers, and other factors that may affect kids self-esteem. Deal with th
34、ese issues sensitively but swiftly. And always remember to respect your kids.If you suspect your child has low self-esteem, consider doing something about it. Family and child counselors can work to uncover underlying issues that prevent a child from feeling good about him or herself. Therapy can he
35、lp kids learn to view themselves and the world positively. When kids see themselves in a more realistic light, they can accept who they truly are. With a little help, every child can develop healthy self-esteem for a happier, more fulfilling life.（分数：10.00）(1).The first paragraph intends to tell the
36、 readers_. A. what self esteem is B. some examples of self esteem C. patterns of self-esteem start very early in life D. how important self-esteem is for children（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The word “toddler“ (Line 1, Para. 2) most probably means_. A. very young child B. teenager C. adult D. boy（分数：2.00）A.
37、B.C.D.(3).Which one of the following belongs to the characteristics of kids with low self-esteem? A. They always want to try new things. B. They frequently talk about themselves. C. They are overly criticized for their mistakes. D. They are easily disappointed in themselves.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The
38、suggestion provided in paragraph 5 is_. A. identify and redirect your childs inaccurate beliefs B. create a safe, nurturing home environment C. be spontaneous and affectionate D. help kids become involved in constructive experiences（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A.
39、 Signals for low self-esteem. B. Accept your children as who they are. C. Finding professional help. D. Function of family and child counselors.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、BText 3/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The Newhouse shelter in Kansas City has helped thousands of abused women and their children over the past 37 yea
40、rs. But last month, the women were forced to move out and the staff started looking for new jobs. The reason was simple. While the need was there, the money was not. UDwindling/U charitable contributions tied to a broad U.S. economic slowdown mean fewer resources and hard choices for charities acros
41、s the country.“People are holding tight to their money,“ said Newhouse President Leslie Caplan, who estimated charitable contributions were down 200,000 this year compared to last year. That, combined with cuts in government grants, has severely squeezed the centers 1.3 million budget.As Americans s
42、truggling with rising unemployment and home foreclosures turn to charities for help, charities themselves are running into financial difficulties as donations dwindle. They are being forced to increase their outreach, hold more fund-raising events and seek out new donors to make ends meet. “The peop
43、le who used to give us small amounts, $10 or $15, that is going away. The people who have a lot of money still are able to give, but they are more selective in their giving,“ McIntyre said. “Its getting bad out there. “Philanthropic Giving Index, which measures prospects for charitable donations, ha
44、s dropped to 83 on a scale of 100 from 88 in December 2007, its lowest point since 2003. Rev. Cecil Williams noticed that donations to Glide Memorial United Methodist Church in San Francisco began falling off earlier this year, forcing him to cut meals, child care, and health care to the poor by up
45、to 15 percent. Meanwhile, the lines for help grow longer.Melissa Perez of La Habra, California, hosted a Brazilian student last year under the auspices of the Center for Cultural Interchange, a Chicago-based nonprofit that arranges for families to house and feed foreign students. “Everythings hard.
46、Were very much pinched,“ said Perez, who cannot afford to do it again this year because her familys manufacturing business is in trouble. Such experiences mean the Center for Cultural Interchange has not been able to find enough volunteers.“Business is not as good and they feel the pressure and that
47、 leads to a decline in giving,“ said Bridges board member Inayat Malik. “How much people give depends on how secure they feel,“ Berman said. “I think well see an impact on personal giving this fall and winter, which is when most charitable organizations depend on generosity. “（分数：10.00）(1).We can infer from paragraph 1 that the passage will focus on_. A. the problem of unemployment worsened in U. S. B. U. S. charities are affected by weak economy C. gender discrimination is still a big issue in U. S. job market D. the fut
