1、考研英语-16 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BDirections:/BRead the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.Like many other aspects of the computer age, Yahoo began as an idea,U (1) /Uinto a hobby and lately hasU (
2、2) /Uinto a full-time passion. The two developers of Yahoo, David Filo and Jerry Yang, Ph. D candidatesU (3) /UElectrical Engineering at Stanford University, started their guide in April 1994 as a way to keepU (4) /Uof their personal interest on the Internet. Before long theyU (5) /Uthat their homeb
3、rewed lists were becoming too long andU (6) /U. Gradually they began to spend more and more time on Yahoo.During 1994, theyU (7) /Uyahoo into a customized database designed toU (8) /Uthe needs of the thousands of usersU (9) /Ubegan to use the service through the closelyU (10) /UInternet community. T
4、hey developed customized software to help themU (11) /Ulocate, identify and edit materialU (12) /Uon the Internet. The name Yahoo isU (13) /Uto stand for “Yet Another Hierarchical Officious Orale“, but Filo and Yang insist they selected theU (14) /Ubecause they considered themselves yahoos. Yahoo it
5、self firstU (15) /Uon Yangs workstation, “akebono“, while the search engine wasU (16) /Uon Filos computer, “Konishiki“.In early 1995 Marc Andersen, co-founder of Netscape Communication in Mountain View, California, invited Filo and Yang to move their filesU (17) /Uto larger computersU (18) /Uat Nets
6、cape. As a result Stanfords computer network returned toU (19) /U, and both parties benefited. Today, YahooU (20) /Uorganized information on tens of thousands of computers linked to the web.（分数：10.00）A.becameB.grewC.turnD.intendA.madeB.sawC.lookedD.turnedA.inB.onC.aboutD.forA.touchB.contactC.trackD.
7、recordA.foundedB.foundC.arguedD.reportedA.unwieldyB.toughC.tamableD.invaluableA.exchangedB.shankC.soldD.convertedA.explainB.serveC.discoverD.evaluateA.whichB.thatC.actuallyD.eagerlyA.relativeB.interactiveC.boundD.contactedA.fluentlyB.efficientlyC.exactlyD.actuallyA.transmittedB.purchasedC.soldD.stor
8、edA.aboutB.boundC.goingD.supposedA.fableB.modelC.nameD.brandA.supportedB.residedC.livedD.launchedA.connectedB.lodgedC.introducedD.linkedA.overB.awayC.insideD.beneathA.housedB.caughtC.hosedD.hiddenA.averageB.normalC.ordinaryD.equalA.attainsB.detainsC.maintainsD.contains二、BSection Readi(总题数：4，分数：40.00
9、)BPart A/BBDirections:/BRead the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.BText 1/BMore surprising, perhaps, than the current difficulties of traditional marriage is the fact that marriage itself is alive and thriving. A
10、s Skolnick notes, Americans are a marrying people: Relative to Europeans, more of us marry and we marry at a younger age. Moreover, aster a decline in the early 1970s, the rate of marriage in the United States is now increasing. Even the divorce rate needs to be taken in this pro-marriage context: s
11、ome 80 percent of divorced individuals remarry. Thus, marriage remains, by far, the preferred way of life for the vast majority of people in our society.What has changed more than marriage is the nuclear family. Twenty-five years ago, the typical American family consisted of a husband, a wife, and t
12、wo or three children. Now, there are many marriages in which couples have decided not to have any children. And there are many marriages where at least some of the children are from the wifes previous marriage, or the husbands, or both. Sometimes these children spend all of their time with one paren
13、t from the former marriage; sometimes they are shared between the two former spouses.Thus, one can find the very type of family arrangement. There are marriages without children; marriages with children from only the present marriage; marriages with “full-time“ children from the present marriage and
14、 “part-time“ children from former marriages. There are step-fathers, step-mothers, half-brothers, and half-sisters. It is not all that unusual for a child to have four parents and eight grandparents! These are enormous changes from the traditional nuclear family. But even so, even in the midst of al
15、l this, there remains one constant: Most Americans spend most of their adult lives married.（分数：10.00）(1).By calling Americans marrying people the author means that_.（分数：2.00）A.Americans are more traditional than EuropeansB.Americans expect more out of marriage than EuropeansC.there are more married
16、couples in U. S. A than in EuropeD.more of Americans, as compared with Europeans, prefer marriage and they accept it at a younger age(2).Divorced Americans_.（分数：2.00）A.will most likely remarryB.prefer the way they liveC.have lost faith in marriageD.are the vast majority of people in the society(3).W
17、hich of the following can be presented as the picture of todays American families?（分数：2.00）A.A typical American family consists of only a husband and a wife.B.Many types of family arrangements have become socially acceptable.C.Americans prefer to have more kids than before.D.There are no nuclear fam
18、ilies any more.(4).“Part-time“ children_.（分数：2.00）A.spend some of their time with their half-brothers and some of their time with their half-sistersB.spend all of their time with one parent from the previous marriageC.are shared between the two former spousesD.cannot stay with “full-time“ children(5
19、).Even though great changes have taken place in the structure of American families, _.（分数：2.00）A.the functions of marriage remain unchangedB.most Americans prefer a second marriageC.the vast majority of Americans still have faith in marriageD.all of the aboveBText 2/BLateral thinking, first describe
20、d by Edward de Bono in 1967, is just a few years older than Edwards son. You might imagine that Caspar was raised to be an adventurous thinker, but the de Bono name was so famous, Caspars parents worried that any time he would say something bright at school, his teachers might snap, “Where do you ge
21、t that idea from?“We had to be careful and not overdo it,“ Edward admits. Now Caspar is at Oxfordwhich once looked unlikely because he is also slightly dyslexic. In fact, when he was applying to Oxford, none of his school teachers thought he had a chance. “So then we did several thinking sessions,“
22、his father says, “using my techniques and, when he went up for the exam, he did extremely well.“ Soon after, Edward de Bono decided to write his latest book, “Teach Your Child How to Think“, in which he transforms the thinking skills he developed for brain-storming businessmen into informal exercise
23、s for parents and children to share.Thinking is traditionally regarded as something executed in a logical sequence, and everybody knows that children arent very logical. So isnt it an uphill battle, trying to teach them to think? “You know,“ Edward de Bono says, “if you examine peoples thinking, it
24、is quite unusual to find faults of logic. But the faults of perception are huge! Often we think ineffectively because we take too limited a view.“Teach Your Child How to Think“ offers lessons in perception improvement, of clearly seeing the implications of something you are saying and of exploring t
25、he alternatives.（分数：10.00）(1).What is TRUE about Caspar?（分数：2.00）A.He is Edwards son.B.He is an adventurous thinker.C.He first described lateral thinking.D.He is often scolded by his teacher.(2).Caspar succeeded in applying to Oxford because_.（分数：2.00）A.he was careful and often overworkedB.all of hi
26、s school teachers thought he had a chanceC.he used in the exam the techniques provided by his fatherD.he read the book “Teach Your Child How to Think“ before the exam(3).It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that Edward_.（分数：2.00）A.was likely to improve childrens logic with his bookB.gave a descriptio
27、n of lateral thinking several years after his son was bornC.was prompted to study lateral thinking because his son was slightly dyslexicD.once taught businessmen how to think before he wrote for parents and children(4).According to Paragraph 3, which of the following statements expresses Edward de B
28、onos view?（分数：2.00）A.Everybody knows that children arent very logical.B.It is an uphill battle trying to teach children to think.C.We often think ineffectively because we take too limited a view.D.Thinking is traditionally regarded as something executed in a logical sequence.(5).Lateral thinking ref
29、ers to the following EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.improving ones logic in thinkingB.inproving ones perception in thinkingC.seeing the implications of what you are sayingD.exploring the alternatives for what you are sayingBText 3/BThere are a number of formats for reporting research, such as articles to appear
30、 in journals, reports addressed to funding agencies, theses or dissertations as part of the requirements for university degrees, and papers to be presented at conferences. These formats differ from one another mostly in their purposes and the audiences whom they address. We will now briefly describe
31、 them.The journal article is a way of reporting research for professional journals or edited collections. The research is reporting in a brief, yet informative way, focusing mostly on the main features of the research such as the purpose, review of the literature (often referred to as “background“),
32、 procedures used for carrying out the research accompanied by tables, charts, and graphs, and interpretations of the results (often referred to as discussion).The content and emphasis of the journal article will vary according to the intended readers (research or practitioners) and it is important f
33、or the researcher to be aware of the background and interest of the readers of the journal. Articles intended to be read by practitioners will emphasize the practical implications and recommendations of the research, while articles intended to be read by researchers will describe in detail the metho
34、d used to collect data, the construction of data collection procedures, and the techniques used for analyzing the data It is important for the novice researcher to be aware of the fact that articles submitted to journals go through a process of evaluation by experts who make a judgment and recommend
35、 whether they should be published or not.The thesis or dissertation is a format for reporting research which graduate students write as part of fulfilling the requirements for an advanced academic degree. The student is expected to describe in great detail all the phases of the research so it can be
36、 examined and evaluated carefully by the reader. Thus the thesis or dissertation includes the purpose and significance of the study, the rationale, a thorough review of the literature, detailed information as to the research tools and the procedures involved in their development, a description of da
37、ta analysis and the results, and an interpretation of the results in the form of conclusions, implications, and recommendation. This detailed description of the process of the research is needed to provide the professors with an indication of the students ability to carry out research.The conference
38、 paper is a way of reporting research at conferences, seminars and colloquia. At such meetings research papers are usually presented orally. They are similar to the research article since research is reported in a concise, yet informative way, focusing on the most essential elements of the research.
39、 Handouts and transparencies can also accompany the presentations. As with the research article, here too, the content and emphasis of the oral report will depend to a large extent on the type of audience present at the meeting, and whether they are researchers or practitioners.（分数：10.00）(1).The bes
40、t title for this passage could be_.（分数：2.00）A.Types of Research ReportsB.Types of Journal ArticlesC.Writing of research ReportsD.Writing of Different Articles(2).The common aspect for the journal articles, these and conference papers lies in that_.（分数：2.00）A.they are all for the practitionersB.they
41、are all to be read by researchersC.they are all for being publishedD.they are all forms of reporting research(3).We can distinguish those research reports from each other mainly through_.（分数：2.00）A.their writing style and lengthB.their aims and possible audiencesC.their presented places and timeD.th
42、eir content and purposes(4).Which of the following statements is not mentioned in this passage?（分数：2.00）A.Both journal articles and conference papers are reported in a brief and informative way.B.All the theses or dissertations and conference papers are reported in spoken languages.C.Both the journa
43、l articles and conference papers are influenced greatly by the intended receivers.D.The various formats of research reports may be presented in different ways.(5).How can a professor evaluate a students capability of implementing the research?（分数：2.00）A.By concentrating on the main factors like the
44、purpose, background, procedures and disscussion.B.By emphasizing the practical implications and recommendations of the research.C.By focusing on the detailed description of the process of the research such as the tools, procedures, the process of data analysis, the results, and conclusions etc.D.By
45、noticing the detailed method used to collect the data, the construction of the data collection procedures, the techniques for analyzing the date and results etc.BText 4/BIn 1998 consumers could purchase virtually anything over the Internet. Books, compact discs, and even stocks were available from W
46、orld Wide Web Sites that seemed to spring up almost daily. A few years earlier, some people had predicted that consumers accustomed to shopping in stores would be reluctant to buy things that they could not see or touch in person. For a growing number of time-starved consumers, however, shopping fro
47、m their home computer was proving to be a convenient alternative to driving to the store.A research estimated that in 1998 US consumers would purchase $ 7.3 billion of goods over the Internet, double the 1997 total. Finding a bargain was getting easier, owing to the rise of online auctions and Web s
48、ites that did comparison shopping on the Internet for the best deal.For all the consumer interest, retailing in cyberspace was still a largely unprofitable business, however. Internet pioneer Amazon. com, which began selling books in 1995 and later branched into recorded music and videos, posted revenue of $153.7 million in the third quarter, up from $37.9 minion in the same period of 1997. Overall, however, the companys loss widened to $45.2 million from $9.6 million, and analysts did not expect the company to turn a profit until 2001. Despite the great loss, Amazon. com had a stock market v
