1、考研英语-136 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BDirections:/BRead the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. Operating a single currency is not going to be easy. European economic andU (1) /Uunion will not functio
2、nU (2) /Uhitches.U (3) /U, signs ofU (4) /Uhave already appeared. And these political, economic and social pressures will almost certainlyU (5) /Uin the years to come.U (6) /UEMU failure is a topic generallyU (7) /Uin continental Europe. And for good reason. TheU (8) /Uof monetary union would almost
3、 certainly slam the European UnionU (9) /UpoliticalU (10) /Uand the world intoU (11) /Ucrisis. “It would be almost as bad as aU (12) /Uin Europe,“ says Uwe Angenendt, chief economistU (13) /UBHF-Bank in Frankfurt. TheU 14 /Ucontend EMU failure is not possible. TheyU (15) /Uinsist that the politicalU
4、 (16) /Uin Europe for monetary union is simplyU (17) /Ustrong to allowU (18) /Uto fail. But theyU (19) /Ua simple fact: EuropeanU (20) /Uconcocted monetary union, and there- fore they can unconcoct it.（分数：10.00）A.monetaryB.politicalC.culturalD.commercialA.uponB.withoutC.byD.throughA.ThereforeB.Howev
5、erC.ConsequentlyD.IndeedA.stressB.promiseC.prosperityD.reliefA.simplifyB.divertC.transformD.intensifyA.ThusB.As a resultC.ButD.SoA.enlightenedB.avoidedC.highlightedD.surveyedA.survivalB.recoveryC.collapseD.boomA.intoB.withC.offD.onA.chaosB.treatyC.allianceD.zealA.businessB.militaryC.financialD.econo
6、micA.crimeB.warC.harassmentD.hardshipA.nearB.toC.intoD.atA.economistsB.speculatorsC.optimistsD.investorsA.hesitantlyB.constantlyC.ferventlyD.ambiguouslyA.willB.harmC.doubtD.inquiryA.fairlyB.tooC.muchD.enoughA.itsB.themC.itD.theyA.overlookB.confirmC.fabricateD.quoteA.preachersB.scholarsC.custodiansD.
7、politicians二、BSection Readi(总题数：4，分数：40.00)BPart A/BBDirections:/BRead the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.BText 1/B“It is an evil influence on the youth of our country.“ A politician condemning video gaming? Ac
8、tually, a clergyman denouncing rock and roll 50 years ago. But the sentiment could just as easily have been voiced by Hillary Clinton in the past few weeks, as she blamed video games for “a silent epidemic of media desensitisation“ and “stealing the innocence of our children“.The gaming furore cente
9、rs on “Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas“, a popular and notoriously violent cops and robbers game that turned out to contain hidden sex scenes that could be unlocked using a patch downloaded from the Internet. The resulting outcry (mostly from Democratic politicians playing to the centre) caused the ga
10、me s rating in America to be changed from “mature“, which means you have to be 17 to buy it, to “adults only“, which means you have to be 18, but also means that big retailers such as Wal-Mart will not stock it. As a result the game has been banned in Australia; and, this autumn, Americas Federal Tr
11、ade Commission will investigate the complaints. That will give gamings opponents an opportunity to vent their wrath on the industry.Skepticism of new media is a tradition with deep roots, going back at least as far as Socrates objections to written texts, outlined in Platos Phaedrus. Socrates worrie
12、d that relying on written texts, rather than the oral tradition, would “create forgetfulness in the learners souls, because they will not use their memories; they will trust to the external written characters and not remember of themselves.“ ( He also objected that a written version of a speech was
13、no substitute for the ability to interrogate the speaker, since, when questioned, the text “always gives one unvarying answer“. His objection, in short, wasthat books were not interactive. Perhaps Socrates would have thought more highly of video games. )Novels were once considered too low-brow for u
14、niversity literature courses, but eventually the disapproving professors retired. Waltz music and dancing were condemned in the 19th century; all that twirling was thought to be “intoxicating“ and “depraved“, and the music was outlawed in some places. Today it is hard to imagine what the fuss was ab
15、out. And rock and roll was thought to encourage violence, promiscuity and satanism but today even grannies buy Coldplay albums.（分数：10.00）(1).We can learn from the text that human beings have a history of_.（分数：2.00）A.fascination for the academic establishmentB.enthusiasm for juvenile psychologyC.disb
16、elief in the novel mediumD.hatred of political corruption(2).The attitudes of Socrates and Hillary Clinton toward the novel medium are_.（分数：2.00）A.identicalB.optimisticC.panickedD.confused(3).Video games would have been recommended by Socrates due to its_.（分数：2.00）A.text messagesB.oral traditionC.un
17、varying answersD.two-way communication(4).To which of the following statements would the author most likely agree?（分数：2.00）A.The emergence of video games is bound to breed evil.B.There s no legal ruling that video games are bad for people, and they may be positively good.C.University literature cour
18、ses are subject to the harassment of video games.D.There s no sound proof that adults are prone to the moral decline when engaged in video games.(5).When mentioning novels, waltz music and rock and roll, the author is suggesting_.（分数：2.00）A.the mishaps of voguesB.the misfortune of art masterpiecesC.
19、the prospect of video gamesD.the effects of various art formsBText 2/B“You are not here to tell me what to do. You are here to tell me why I have done what I have already decided to do,“ Montagu Norman, the Bank of England s longest- serving governor (1920 -1944), is reputed to have once told his ec
20、onomic adviser. To- day, thankfully, central banks aim to be more transparent in their decision making, as well as more rational. But achieving either of these things is not always easy. With the most laudable of intentions, the Federal Reserve, Americas central bank, may be about to take a step tha
21、t could backfire.Unlike the Fed, many other central banks have long declared explicit inflation tar- gels and then set interest rates to try to meet these. Some economists have argued that the Fed should do the same. With Alan Greenspan, the Fed s much-respected chairman, due to retire next yearafte
22、r a mere 18 years in the jobsome Fed officials want to adopt a target, presumably to maintain the central bank s credibility in the scary new post-Greenspan era. The Fed discussed such a target at its February meeting, according to minutes published this week. This sounds encouraging. However, the F
23、ed is considering the idea just when some other central banks are beginning to question whether strict inflation targeting really works.At present central banks focus almost exclusively on consumer-price indices. On this measure Mr. Greenspan can boast that inflation remains under control. But some
24、central bankers now argue that the prices of assets, such as houses and shares, should also some- how be taken into account. A broad price index for America which includes house prices is currently running at 5.5% , its fastest pace since 1982. Inflation has simply taken a different form.Should cent
25、ral banks also try to curb increases in such asset prices? Mr. Greenspan continues to insist that monetary policy should not be used to prick asset-price bubbles. Identifying bubbles is difficult, except in retrospect, he says, and interest rates are a blunt weapon: an increase big enough to halt ri
26、sing prices could trigger a recession. It is better, he says, to wait for a housing or stockmarket bubble to burst and then to cushion the economy by cutting interest ratesas he did in 2001-2002. And yet the risk is not just that asset prices can go swiftly into reverse. As with traditional inflatio
27、n, surging asset prices also distort price signals and so can cause a misallocation of resourcesencouraging too little saving, for example, or ,too much investment in housing. Surging house prices may therefore argue for higher interest rates than conventional inflation would demand. In other words,
28、 strict inflation targetingthe fad of the 1990sis too crude.（分数：10.00）(1).The word “minutes“ (Line 6, Paragraph 2) most probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.recordB.new-letterC.announcementD.motive(2).According to the text, it is upsetting that the Federal Reserve does not take into ac count inflation target
29、s_.（分数：2.00）A.until what to do is clarifiedB.until explicit inflation targets are declaredC.until increases in asset prices are CurbedD.until its efficiency is cast doubt on(3).We can learn from the third paragraph that_.（分数：2.00）A.increases in asset prices are interfered by the Federal ReservesB.mo
30、re emphasis should be placed on consumer-price indicesC.changes have taken place in the pattern of inflationD.inflation have been brought under federal control(4).It is implied in the fourth paragraph that Mr. Greenspan is skeptical of_.（分数：2.00）A.the stipulation of anti-monopoly rules and regulatio
31、nsB.the intervention by central banks in asset pricesC.the prevention of economic recessionD.the countdown by the Federal Reserve of new economic upheavals(5).Which of the followings would be the best title for the text?（分数：2.00）A.American Monetary Conundrums Are Readily Deciphered.B.American Centra
32、l Banks Are on the Verge of Extinction.C.Conventional Inflation Target Is Best Employed in Transparent Environment.D.Americas Monetary Policy Is off Target.BText 3/BIt may be just as well for Oxford Universitys reputation that this weeks meeting of Congregation, its 3 552-strong governing body, was
33、held in secret, for the air of civilized rationality that is generally supposed to pervade donnish conversation has lately turned fractious. Thats because the vice-chancellor, the nearest thing the place has to a chief executive, has proposed the most fundamental reforms to the university since the
34、establishment of the college system in 1249; and a lot of the dons and colleges don t like it.The trouble with Oxford is that it is unmanageable. Its problemsthe difficulty of recruiting good dons and of getting rid of bad ones, concerns about academic standards, severe money worries at some college
35、sall spring from that. John Hood, who was recruited as vice-chancellor from the University of Auckland and is now probably the most- hated antipodean in British academic life, reckons he knows how to solve this, and has proposed to reduce the power of dons and colleges and increase that of universit
36、y administrators.Mr. Hood is right that the universitys management structure needs an overhaul. But radical though his proposals seem to those involved in the current row, they do not go far enough. The difficulty of managing Oxford stems only partly from the nuttiness of its system of governance; t
37、he more fundamental problem lies in its relationship with the government. Thats why Mr. Hood should adopt an idea that was once regarded as teetering on the lunatic fringe of radicalism, but these days is discussed even in polite circles. The idea is independence.Oxford gets around 5 000 ( $ 9 500)
38、per undergraduate per, year from the government. In return, it accepts that it can charge students only 1 150 (rising to 3 000 next year) on top of that. Since it probably costs at least 10 000 a year to teach an undergraduate, that leaves Oxford with a deficit of 4 000 or so per student to cover fr
39、om its own funds.If Oxford declared independence, it would lose the 52m undergraduate subsidy at least. Could it fill the hole? Certainly. Americas top universities charge around 20,000 per student per year. The difficult issue would not be money alone: it would be balancing numbers of not-so-brilli
40、ant rich people paying top whack with the cleverer poorer ones they were cross subsidising. Americas top universities manage it: high fees mean better teaching, which keeps competition hot and academic standards high, while luring enough donations to provide bursaries for the poor. It should be easi
41、er to extract money from alumni if Oxford were no longer state-funded.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the text, the authors attitude toward John Hood is one of_.（分数：2.00）A.enthusiastic supportB.slight contemptC.strong disapprovalD.reserved consent(2).It is implied in the third paragraph that_.（分数：2.00）A.
42、reliance upon official subsidy has bred the current predicament of OxfordB.an overhaul of Oxford management structure is urgently neededC.the nuttiness of Oxford system of governance may be easily removedD.the current row is essential to many in polite circle(3).The term “bursaries“ (Line 7, Paragra
43、ph 5) most probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.preferential policiesB.scholarship or grantC.free stationery and accommodationD.sheltering and meals(4).We can see from the available statistics that the_.（分数：2.00）A.the current financial status of Oxford results from its being state-fundedB.radical reforms conc
44、entrate on Oxford management structureC.Oxford independence might become a barrier to its recruiting good donsD.notorious reputation results in Oxford meeting of Congregation held this week(5).To which of the following statements would the author most probably agree?（分数：2.00）A.The contribution from
45、alumni wont lure ample donation by the wealthy.B.The civilized rationality is gradually spoiled by fractious nature.C.The row going on in Oxford is passionate but beside the point.D.Americans top universities are somewhat apprehensive of their current status but over-confident of their prospect.BTex
46、t 4/BElections often tell you more about what people are against than what they are for. So it is with the European ones that took place last week in all 25 European Union member countries. These elections, widely trumpeted as the worlds biggest-ever multination- al democratic vote, were fought for
47、the most part as 25 separate national contests, which makes it tricky to pick out many common themes. But the strongest are undoubtedly negative. Europes voters are angry and disillusionedand they have demonstrated their anger and disillusion in three main ways.The most obvious was by abstaining. Th
48、e average overall turnout was just over 45% , by some margin the lowest ever recorded for elections to the European Parliament. And that average disguises some big variations: Italy, for example, notched up over 70%, but Sweden managed only 37%. Most depressing of all, at least to believers in the European project, was the extremely low vote in many of the new member countries from central Eu- rope, which accounted for the whole of the fall in turnout since 1999. In the biggest, Po- land, only just over a fifth of the electorate turned out to vote. Only a yea
