1、考研英语-132 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BDirections:/BRead the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.Its all annual back-to-school routine. One morning you wave goodbye, and thatU (1) /Uevening youre burnin
2、g the late-night oil in sympathy. In the race to improve educational standards,U (2) /Uare throwing the books at kids.U (3) /Uelementary school students are complaining of homeworkU (4) /UWhats a well-meaning parent to do?As hard asU (5) /Umay he, sit back and chill, experts advise. Though youve got
3、 to get them to do it,U (6) /Uhelping too much, or even examiningU (7) /Utoo carefully, you may keep themU (8) /Udoing it by themselves. “I wouldnt advise a parent to check everyU (9) /Uassignment,“ says psychologist John Rosemond, author of Ending the Tough Homework. “Theres aU (10) /Uof appreciati
4、on for trial and error. Let your childrenU (11) /Uthe grade they deserve. “ Many experts believe parents should gently look over the work of younger children and ask them to rethink theirU (12) /U. But “you dont want them to feel it has to beU (13) /U,“ she says.Thats not to say parents shouldU (14)
5、 /Uhomework-first, they should monitor how much homework their kidsU (15) /U. Thirty minutes a day in the early elementary years and an hour inU (16) /Ufour, five, and six is standard, says Rosemond. For junior-high students it should be “U (17) /Umore than an hour and a half,“ and two for high scho
6、ol students. If your childU (18) /Uhas more homework than this, you may want to checkU (19) /Uother parents and then talk to the teacher aboutU (20) /Uassignments.（分数：10.00）A.veryB.exactC.rightD.usualA.officialsB.parentsC.expertsD.schoolsA.AlsoB.EvenC.ThenD.HoweverA.fatigueB.confusionC.dutyD.puzzleA
7、.thereB.weC.theyD.itA.viaB.underC.byD.forA.questionsB.answersC.standardsD.rulesA.offB.withoutC.beyondD.fromA.singleB.pieceC.pageD.otherA.dropB.shortC.cutD.lackA.acquireB.earnC.gatherD.reachA.exercisesB.defectsC.mistakesD.testsA.perfectB.betterC.unusualD.completeA.forgetB.refuseC.missD.ignoreA.haveB.
8、prepareC.makeD.performA.classesB.groupsC.gradesD.termsA.aboutB.noC.muchD.fewA.previouslyB.rarelyC.merelyD.consistentlyA.withB.inC.outD.upA.finishingB.loweringC.reducingD.declining二、BSection Readi(总题数：4，分数：40.00)BPart A/BBDirections:/BRead the following four texts. Answer the questions below each tex
9、t by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.BText 1/BFrom the health point of view we are living in a marvelous age. We are immunized from birth against many of the most dangerous disease. A large number of once fatal illness can now be found for the most stubborn remaining disea
10、se. The expectation of life has increased enormously. But though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we witness the incredible slaughter of them, women and children on the roads Man versus the motor-car! It is a never-ending battle which man is losi
11、ng Thousand of people the world over are killed or horribly killed each year and we are quietly sitting back and letting it happen. It has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering wheel, his ear becomes the extension of his personality. There is no doubt that the motor-car ofte
12、n brings out a mans very worst qualities. People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind steering wheel. They swear, they are ill-mannered and aggressive, willful as two-year-olds and utterly selfish. All their hidden frustrations, disappointments and jealo
13、usies seem to be brought to the surface by the act of driving.The surprising thing is that the society smiles so gently on the motorist and seems to forgive his convenience. Cities are allowed to become almost uninhabitable because of heavy traffic; towns are made ugly by huge car parks; the country
14、side is desecrated by road networks; and the mass annual slaughter becomes nothing more than a statistic, to be conveniently forgotten It is high time a world code were created to reduce this senseless waste of human life. With regard to driving, the laws of some countries are notoriously lax and ev
15、en the strictest are not strict enough. A code which was universally accepted could only have a dramatically beneficial effect on the accident rate. Here are a few examples of some of the things that might be done. The driving test should be standardized and made for more difficult than it is; all t
16、he drivers should be made to take a test every three years or so; the age at which young people are allowed to drive any vehicle should be raised to at least 21; all vehicles should be put through strict annual tests for safety. Even the smallest amount of alcohol in the blood can impair a persons d
17、riving ability. Present drinking and driving laws (where they exist) should be made much stricter. Maximum and minimum speed limits should be imposed on all roads. Governments should lay down safety specifications for manufacturers, as has been done in the USA. All advertising stressing power and pe
18、rformance should he banned. These measures may sound inordinately harsh. But surely nothing should be considered as too severe if it results in reducing the annual toll of human life. After all, the world is for human beings not for motor-cars.（分数：10.00）(1).The main idea of this passage is_.（分数：2.00
19、）A.traffic accidents are mainly caused by motoristsB.thousands of people the world over are killed each yearC.the laws of some countries about driving are too laxD.only stricter traffic laws can prevent accidents(2).What does the author think of society toward motorists?（分数：2.00）A.Society criticizes
20、 the motorists severely.B.Huge car parks are built in the cities and towns.C.Society overlooks their rude driving.D.Victims of accidents are nothing.(3).Why does the author say: “his car becomes the extension of his personality“?（分数：2.00）A.Driving can show his real self.B.Driving can show the other
21、part of his personality.C.Driving can bring out his character.D.His car embodies his temper.(4).Which of the followings is NOT mentioned as a way against traffic accidents?（分数：2.00）A.Build more highways.B.Stricter driving tests.C.Test drivers every three year.D.Raise age limit and lay down safety sp
22、ecifications.(5).The attitude of the author is_.（分数：2.00）A.ironicalB.criticalC.appealingD.militantBText 2/BA proven method for effective textbook reading is the SQ3R method developed by Francis Robinson. The first step is to survey (the S step) the chapter by reading the title, introduction, section
23、 headings, summary and by studying any graphs, tables, illustrations or charts. The purpose of this step is to get an overview of the chapter so that you will know before you read what it will be about. In the second step (the Q step), for each section you ask yourself questions such as “What do I a
24、lready know about this topic?“ and “What do I want to know?“ In this step you also take the section heading and turn it into a question. This step gives you a purpose for reading the section. The third step (the first of the 3 Rs) is to read to find the answer to your questions. Then at the end of e
25、ach section, before going on to the next section, you recite (the second of the 3 Rs) the answers to the questions that you formed in the question step. When you recite you should say the information you want to learn out loud in your own words. The fifth step is done after you have completed steps
26、2, 3 and 4 for each section. You review (the last of the 3 Rs) the entire chapter. The review is done much as the survey was in the first step. As you review, hold a mental conversation with yourself as you recite the information you selected as important to learn. The mental conversation could take
27、 the form of asking and answering the questions fromed from the headings or reading the summary, which lists the main ideas in the chapter, and trying to fill in the details for each main idea.（分数：10.00）(1).The passage implies that the SQ3R method_.（分数：2.00）A.needs to be provenB.leaves much to he de
28、siredC.turns out to be practicableD.cannot be used by every reader(2).The SQ3R method consists of_steps.（分数：2.00）A.threeB.fourC.fiveD.seven(3).According to the passage, the first step helps the readers_.（分数：2.00）A.read first several paragraphsB.scan the whole chapterC.study the graphsD.get the theme
29、 of the chapter(4).Which of the following is the fourth step?（分数：2.00）A.To question yourself.B.To read for information.C.To utter your answers.D.To draw a conclusion.(5).Which of the following statements is true?（分数：2.00）A.In the last step, you should remember all the information.B.When you finish t
30、he last step, you will get both the main idea and the details.C.The mental conversation involves answering the questions asked by the author.D.While you are holding a mental conversation you select the important information.BText 3/BAll animals must rest, but do they really sleep as we know it? The
31、answer to this question seems obvious. If an animal regularly stops its activities and stays quiet and unmovingif it looks as though it is sleepingthen why not simply assume that it is in fact sleeping? But how can observers be sure that an animal is sleeping?They can watch the animal and notice whe
32、ther its eyes are open or closed, whether it is active or lying quietly, and whether it responds to light or sound. These factors are important clues, but they often are not enough. Horses and cows, for example, rarely close their eyes, and fish and snakes cannot close them. Yet this does not necess
33、arily mean that they do not sleep. Have you ever seen a cat dozing with an eye partly open? Even humans have occasionally been observed to sleep with one or both eyes partially open. Animals do not necessarily lie down to sleep either. Elephants, for example, often sleep standing up, with their tusk
34、s resting in the fork of a tree. Finally, while “sleeping“ animals often seem unaware of changes in the sounds and light and other stimuli around them, that does not really prove they are sleeping either.Observations of animal behavior alone cannot fully answer the question of whether or not animals
35、 sleep. The answers come from doing experiments in “sleep laboratories“ using a machine called the electroencephalograph (EEC). The machine is connected to animals and measures their brain signals, breathing, heartbeat, and muscle activity. The measurements are different when the animals appear to b
36、e sleeping than when they appear to be awake. Using the EEC, scientists have confirmed that all birds and mammals studied in laboratories do sleep. There is some evidence that reptiles, such as snakes and turtles, do not truly sleep, although they do have periods of rest each day, in which they are
37、quiet and unmoving. They also have discovered that some animals, like chimpanzees, cats, and moles (who live underground), are good sleepers while others, like sheep, goats, and donkeys, are poor sleepers. Interestingly, the good sleepers are nearly all hunters with resting places that are safe from
38、 their enemies. Nearly all the poor sleepers are animals hunted by other animals: they must always be watching for enemies, even when they are resting. （分数：10.00）(1).According to the author, all animals_.（分数：2.00）A.spend some time restingB.close their eyes when sleepingC.are good sleepersD.are poor
39、sleepers(2).The statement, “Horses and cows, for example, rarely close their eyes“ aims to show that_.（分数：2.00）A.these animals rarely need any restB.they almost always keep alert to dangerC.they often stay awakeD.their eyes are rarely closed even when they are asleep(3).How can researchers in “sleep
40、 laboratories“ tell that the animals they are observing are asleep or not?（分数：2.00）A.They see if the animals respond to light and sound.B.They do this by observing changes in the animals brain signals, breathing, heartbeat, and muscle activity.C.They see if the animals eyes are closed.D.They can tel
41、l this by seeing if the animals lie down or not.(4).According to the research findings mentioned in the passage, reptiles_.（分数：2.00）A.such as turtles and snakes cannot close their eyesB.cannot be studied with an EECC.do not sleep in the true sense of the wordD.do not need to rest(5).Animals that are
42、 good sleepers_.（分数：2.00）A.need to have a good sleep after they have exhausted themselves by getting rid of hunting animalsB.need to have a good sleep after they get tired from hunting other animalsC.are all mammalsD.almost always have a safe resting placeBText 4/BAstronaut Jim Voss has enjoyed many
43、 memorable moments in his career, including three space flights and one space walk. But he recalls with special fondness a decidedly earthbound experience in the summer of 1980, when he participated in the NASA-AS-EE Summer Faculty Fellowship Program. Voss, then a science teacher at West Point, was
44、assigned to the Marshall Space Flight Centers propulsion lab in Alabama to analyze why a hydraulic fuel pump seal on the space shuttle was working so well when previous seals had failed. It was a seemingly tiny problem among the vast complexities of running the space program. Yet it was important to
45、 NASA because any crack in the seals could have led to destructive results for the astronauts who relied on them.“I worked a bit with NASA engineers,“ says Voss, “but I did it mostly by analysis. I used a handheld calculator, not a computer, to do a thermodynamic analysis. “At the end of the summer,
46、 he, like the other NASA-ASEE fellows working at Marshall, summarized his findings in a formal presentation and detailed paper. It was a valuable moment for Voss because the ASEE program gave him added understanding of NASA, deepened his desire to fly in space, and intensified his application for as
47、tronaut status.It was not an easy process. Voss was actually passed over when he first applied for the astronaut program in 1978. Over the next nine years he reapplied repeatedly, and was finally accepted in 1987. Since then he has participated in three space missions. The 50-year-old Army officer,
48、who lives in Houston, is now in training for a four-month mission as a crew member on the International Space Station starting in July 2000.Voss says the ASEE program is wonderful for all involved. “It brings in people from the academic world and gives NASA a special property for a particular period
49、 of time. It brings some fresh eyes and fresh ideas to NASA, and establishes link with our colleges and universities,“ Voss explains. “Theres an exchange of information and an exchange of perspectives that is very important.“For the academic side, Voss says, the ASEE program also “brings institutions of hig
