1、考研英语-12 及答案解析(总分：104.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Whats your earliest childhood memory? Can you remember learning to walk? Or talk? The first time you heard thunder or watched a television program? Adults seldomU U 1 /U /Uevents much earlier than the year or so before entering schoo
2、l,U U 2 /U /Uchildren younger than three or fourU U 3 /U /Uretain any specific, personal experiences.A variety of explanations have beenU U 4 /U /Uby psychologists for this “childhood amnesia“. One argues that the hippo-campus, the region of the brain which isU U 5 /U /Ufor forming memories, does no
3、t mature until about the age of two. But the most popular theoryU U 6 /U /Uthat, since adults dont think like children, they cannotU U 7 /U /Uchildhood memories. Adults think in words, and their life memories are like stories orU U 8 /U /Uone event followsU U 9 /U /Uas in a novel or film. But when t
4、hey search through their mentalU U 10 /U /Ufor early childhood memories to add to this verbal life story. they dont find any that fit theU U 11 /U /UIts like trying to find a Chinese word in an English dictionary.Now psychologist Annette Simms of the New York State University offers a newU U 12 /U /
5、Ufor childhood amnesia. She argues that there simply arent any early childhood memories to (13) . According to Dr. Simms, children need to learn to use someone elses spoken description of their personalU U 13 /U /Uin order to turn their own short-term, quickly forgotten UU 14 /U /Uof them into long-
6、term memories. In otherU U 15 /U /U, children have to talk about their experiences and hear others talk aboutU U 16 /U /UMother talking about the afternoon UU 17 /U /Ulooking for seashells at the beach or Dad asking them about their day at Ocean Park. Without thisU U 18 /U /Ureinforcement, says Dr.
7、Simms, children cannot formU U 19 /U /Umemories of their personal experiences.BNotes:/B childhood amnesia 儿童失忆症。（分数：20.00）(1). A. figure B. interpret C. recall D. affirm（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. largely B. rarely C. merely D. really（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. refuted B. defied C. proposed D. witnessed（分
8、数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4). A. responsible B. suitable C. favorable D. available（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5). A. declines B. assesses C. estimates D. maintains（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6). A. reflect B. attain C. access D. acquire（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7). A. narratives B. forecasts C. communications D. descriptions（分数：1.00）A.B
9、.C.D.(8). A. the rest B. another C. the other D. others（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(9). A. deposits B. dreams C. flashes D. files（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(10). A. model B. pattern C. frame D. formula（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(11). A. emphasis B. assertion C. explanation D. assumption（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(12). A. recall B. remember
10、 C. reflect D. respond（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(13). A. instincts B. feelings C. sensations D. experiences（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(14). A. impressions B. beliefs C. minds D. insights（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(15). A. senses B. cases C. words D. aspects（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(16). A. him B. their C. it D. them（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(17
11、). A. taken B. utilized C. applied D. spent（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(18). A. habitual B. verbal C. unique D. particular（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(19). A. permanent B. mental C. spiritual D. conscious（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(20). A. now that B. even if C. as though D. just as（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、BSection Readi(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三
12、、BPart A/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、BText 1/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In the last ten years, the Internet has opened up incredible amounts of information to ordinary citizens. But using the Internet can he like walking into a library where the books are all lying on the floor in piles. While tools like Google allow s
13、ome structured search, much of the data from such searches is outdated or of questionable value. Some web enthusiasts have taken up the task of organizing information through a democratic means that only the Internet allows: an encyclopedia of the people, by the people, and completely free to copy a
14、nd distribute.This peoples encyclopedia of the Web a free site called Wikipedia has provided a unique solution by inviting individuals to participate in the process of rationalizing and updating web content. At the heart of this movement are wikis, web sites that allow users to directly edit any web
15、 page with one click of the mouse.Wikipedia the largest example of these collaborative efforts is a functioning, user-contributed online encyclopedia that has become a popular and highly regarded reference in just three years of existence. The goal of Wikipedia was to create an encyclopedia that cou
16、ld he shared and copied freely while encouraging people to change and improve the content. Each and every article has an “Edit this page” button, allowing anyone, even anonymous passersby, to add or delete any content on the page. It seems like a recipe for disaster and chaos, but it has produced su
17、rprisingly credible content that has been evaluated and revised by the thousands of international visitors to the site. For many, it finally realizes the original concept of World Wide Web creator Tim Berners-Lee an online environment where people not only browse content, but freely and actively exc
18、hange information.The Wikipedia project was started by Jimmy Wales, head of Internet startup B, after his original project for a volunteer, hut strictly controlled, free encyclopedia ran out of money and resources after two years. Editors with PhD degrees were at the helm of the project then, but it
19、 produced only a few hundred articles. Not wanting the content to languish, Wales placed the pages on a wiki website in January 2001 and invited any Internet visitors to edit or add to the collection.The site became a runaway success in the first year and gained a loyal following, generating over 20
20、,000 articles and spawning over a dozen language translations. After two years, it had 100,000 articles, and in April 2004, it exceeded 250,000 articles in English and 600,000 articles in 50 other languages. Over 2,000 new articles are added each day across all the various languages. And according t
21、o website rankings at A, it has become more popular than traditional online encyclopedias such as B and is one of the top 600 most heavily visited websites on the internet.（分数：10.00）(1).The author called Wikipedia peoples encyclopedia because A. it is accessible to all the passersby. B. it can be ed
22、ited by everyone. C. it is run by ordinary people. D. it is built to the taste of common citizens.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Whats the goal of Wikipedia according to the passage? A. To create a peoples encyclopedia that is free to share and copy. B. To produce a credible and authoritative reference tool.
23、C. To create an online environment where people freely exchange information. D. To create a volunteer, but strictly controlled, free encyclopedia.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The word “languish” (Line 4, Para. 4) is closest in meaning to A. wither. B. abort. C. lose vigor. D. lose appeal.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4
24、).According to the text, Jimmy Wales initiated Wikipedia project in order to A. create a peoples encyclopedia, B. produce huge amounts of articles. C. make available resources useful again, D. promote a wiki website.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following is true about Wikipedia? A. It has once
25、run into trouble. B. There existed disaster and chaos in the beginning. C. Many articles of it are outdated or of questionable value. D. It has been a great success from the beginning.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、BText 2/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)“You are not here to tell me what to do. You are here to tell me why I h
26、ave done what I have already decided to do,“ Montagu Norman, the Bank of Englands longest-serving governor (1920-1944), is reputed to have once told his economic adviser. Today, thankfully, central banks aim to be more transparent in their decision making, as well as more rational. But achieving eit
27、her of these things is not always easy. With the most laudable of intentions, the Federal Reserve, Americas central bank, may be about to take a step that could backfire. Unlike the Fed, many other central banks have long declared explicit inflation targets and then set interest rates to try to meet
28、 these. Some economists have argued that the Fed should do the same. With Alan Greenspan, the Feds much-respected chairman, due to retire next year-after a mere 18 years in the job-some Fed officials want to adopt a target, presumably to maintain the central banks credibility in the scary new post-G
29、reenspan era. The Fed discussed such a target at its February meeting, according to minutes published this week. This sounds encouraging. However, the Fed is considering the idea just when some other central banks are beginning to question whether strict inflation targeting really works. At present
30、centra1 banks focus almost exclusively on consumer-price indices. On this measure Mr. Greenspan can boast that inflation remains under control. But some central bankers now argue that the prices of assets, such as houses and shares, should also somehow be taken into account. A broad price index for
31、America which includes house prices is currently running at 5.5%, its fastest pace since 1982. Inflation has simply taken a different form. Should central banks also try to curb increases in such asset prices? Mr. Greenspan continues to insist that monetary policy should not be used to prick asset-p
32、rice bubbles. Identifying bubbles is difficult, except in retrospect, he says, and interest rates are a blunt weapon: an increase big enough to halt rising prices could trigger a recession. It is better, he says, to wait for a housing or stockmarket bubble to burst and then to cushion the economy by
33、 cutting interest rates-as he did in 2001-2002. And yet the risk is not just that asset prices can go swiftly into reverse. As with traditional inflation, surging asset prices also distort price signals and so can cause a misallocation of resources-encouraging too little saving, for example, or too
34、much investment in housing. Surging house prices may therefore argue for higher interest rates than conventional inflation would demand. In other words, strict inflation targeting-the fad of the 1990s-is too crude.（分数：10.00）(1).The word “minutes“ (Line 6, Paragraph 2) most probably means _. A. recor
35、d B. new-letter C. announcement D. motive（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the text, it is upsetting that the Federal Reserve does not take into account inflation targets _. A. until what to do is clarified B. until explicit inflation targets are declared C. until increases in asset prices are curbe
36、d D. until its efficiency is cast doubt on（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).We can learn from the third paragraph that _. A. increases in asset prices are interfered by the Federal Reserves B. more emphasis should be placed on consumer-price indices C. changes have taken place in the pattern of inflation D. infl
37、ation have been brought under federal control（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).It is implied in the fourth paragraph that Mr. Greenspan is skeptical of _. A. the stipulation of anti-monopoly rules and regulations B. the intervention by central banks in asset prices C. the prevention of economic recession D. the
38、countdown by the Federal Reserve of new economic upheavals（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the followings would be the best title for the text? A. American Monetary Conundrums Are Readily Deciphered. B. American Central Banks Are on the Verge of Extinction. C. Conventional Inflation Target Is Best Empl
39、oyed in Transparent Environment. D. Americas Monetary Policy Is off Target.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、BText 3/B(总题数：1，分数：4.00)After their 20-year-old son hanged himself during his winter break from the University of Arizona five years ago, Donna and Phil Satow wondered what signs they had overlooked, and st
40、arted asking other students for answers.What grew from this soul searching was Ulifeline (www. ulifeline, org), a website where students can get answers to questions about depression by logging on through their universities. The site has been adopted as a resource by over 120 colleges, which can cus
41、tomize it with local information, and over 1.3 million students have logged on with their college IDs.“Its a very, solid website that raises awareness of suicide, de-stigmatizes mental illness and encourages people to seek the help they need,“ said Paul Grayson, the director of counseling services a
42、t New York University, which started using the service nearly a year ago.The main component of the website is the Self-E-Valuator, a self-screening program developed by Duke University Medical Center that tests students to determine whether they areat risk for depression, suicide and disorders like
43、anorexia and drug dependence. Besides helping students, the service compiles anonymous student data, offering administrators an important window onto the mental health of its campus.The site provides university users with links to local mental health services, a catalog of information on prescriptio
44、n drugs and side effects, and access to Go Ask Alice, a vast archive developed by Columbia University with hundreds of responses to anonymously posted inquiries from college students worldwide. For students concerned about their friends, there is a section that describes warning signs for suicidal b
45、ehavior and depression.Yet it is hard to determine how effective the service is. The anonymity of the online service can even play out as a negative. “There is no substitute for personal interaction(个人互动才能解决)“, said Dr. Lanny Berman, executive director of the American Association of Suicidology, bas
46、ed in Washington.Ulifeline would be the first to say that its service is no replacement for an actual therapist. “The purpose is to find out if there are signs of depression and then direct people to the right places,“ said Ron Gibori, executive director of Ulifeline.Mrs. Satow, who is still involve
47、d with Ulifeline, called it “a knowledge base“ that might have prevented the death of her son, Jed. “If Jeds friends had known the signs of depression, they might have seen something,“ she said.（分数：4.00）(1).Mrs. Satow would probably agree that_. A. Jeds friends can prevent her sons death B. her sons suicide is unavoidable C. Ulifeline is a worthwhile website D. depression is the final cause of suicides（分数：0.80）A.B.C.D.(2).The first paragraph is written to_. A. report the suicide of a young man B. show the suffe
