1、考研英语-108 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Alan “Ace“ Greenberg chose his nickname to improve his chances with girls at the University of Missouri. But it is an aptU (1) /Uof his wading skills on Wall Street. This week, as the 73-year-oldU (2) /UdownU (3) /Uchairman of Bear
2、Stearns, the investment bank where he has worked since 1949 is in a high. ItU (4) /Uan increase in post-tax profits in the second quarter of 43% on a year earlier,U (5) /Ua time when many of its Wall Street rivals haveU (6) /U. On June 26th Merrill LynchU (7) /Ua warning that its profits in the seco
3、nd quarter would fall by half, farU (8) /Uof expectations. Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley have also reported lower profits.Strange that this surprised.U (9) /UAlan Greenspans frenetic cutsU (10) /Uinterest rates, times are good for underwriters and waders of bonds, core activities for Bear Stearns
4、 and Lehman Brothers,U (11) /Ualso recorded a sharp increase in profits. It has been a terribleU (12) /Ufor equity underwriters and for advisers on the small amounts of mergers and acquisitions (MA) this year.Merrill, Goldman and Morgan Stanley are three of the investment banks that gainedU (13) /Ud
5、uring the boom in equity and MA business, and they are nowU (14) /Uthe most. Of the three, Merrill is weakest in bonds. It cutU (15) /Uits fixed-income activities after the collapse of Lung-Term Capital Management (LTCM) in 1998. As it happens, both Bear Stearns and Lehman have long been criticised
6、for their weakness in equities.Mr Greenberg is famous for worrying about even the price of a paper-clip at Bear Stearns. This used to seem terriblyU (16) /U,but these days other Wall Street firms areU (17) /Uabout costs. Lay-offs areU (18) /Uthough not yet alarmingly-not least, because banks saw how
7、 Merrill Lynch lostU (19) /Uwhen the markets rebounded quickly after the LTCM crisis. Still, if fewU (20) /Uof improvement show soon, expect real blood-letting on Wall Street.（分数：10.00）A.coverB.encapsulationC.jacketD.shellA.goesB.comesC.stridesD.stepsA.beB.beingC.asD.to beA.recordedB.loggedC.chronic
8、ledD.notedA.duringB.atC.onD.inA.stumbledB.slipC.blunderedD.creptA.deliveredB.distributedC.conveyedD.issuedA.outB.lackingC.lackD.shortA.Because ofB.BecauseC.SinceD.ForA.atB.inC.onD.uponA.whoB.whatC.whomD.whichA.timeB.ageC.epochD.eraA.mostB.muchC.a lotD.a great dealA.lostB.losingC.sufferingD.sufferedA
9、.downB.backC.offD.outA.unnecessaryB.unreasonableC.unpopularD.unfashionableA.obsessedB.worriedC.sufferedD.tormentedA.decreasedB.increasedC.increasingD.decreasingA.fieldB.groundC.futureD.hopeA.signalsB.symbolC.signsD.symptom二、BSection Readi(总题数：4，分数：40.00)BText 1/B“The news hit the British High Commis
10、sion in Nairobi at nine-thirty on a Monday morning. Sandy Woodrow took it like a bullet, jaw rigid, chest out, smack through his divided English heart.“ Crikey. So thats how you take a bullet. Poor old Sandy. His English heart must be really divided now. This deliriously hardboiled opening sets the
11、tone for whats to come. White mischief? Pshaw! White plague, more like it.Sandy Woodrow is head of chancery at the British High Commission in Nairobi. The news that neatly subdivides his heart as the novel opens is the death of a young, beautiful and idealistic lawyer turned aid worker named Tessa Q
12、uayle. Tessa has been murdered for learning too much about the dishonest practices of a large pharmaceutical company operating in Africa. Her body is found at Lake Turkana, in northern Kenya near the border with Sudan. Tessas husband. Justin, is also a British diplomat stationed in Nairobi. Until no
13、w Justin has been an obedient civil servant, content to toe the official linein short, a hard worker. But all that changes in the aftermath of his wifes murder. Full of righteous anger, he resolves to get to the bottom of it, come what may.“The Constant Gardener“ has got plenty of tense moments and
14、sudden twists and comes completely with shadowy figures lurking in the bush. There is a familiar tone of gentlemanly world- weariness to it all, which should keep Mr. le Carres fans happy. But the novel is also an impassioned attack on the corruption which allows Africa to be used as a sort of labor
15、atory for the testing of new medicines. Elsewhere, Mr. le Carte has denounced the “corporate cam, hypocrisy, corruption and greed“ of the pharmaceutical industry. This position is excitingly dramatized in his book, even if the abuses he rails against are not exactly breaking news.In other respects “
16、The Constant Gardener“ is less satisfactory. Mr. le Carte cant seem to make up his mind whether hes writing a thriller or an expose. Ina recent article for the New Yorker he described his creative process as “a kind of deliberately twisted journalism, where nothing is quite what it is“ and where any
17、 encounter may be “freely recast for its dramatic possibilities“. Such is the method employed in “The Constant Gardener“, whose heroine. Mr. le Carte says, was inspired by an old friend of his. One or two prominent real-life Kenyan politicians are mentioned often enough to become, in effect. “charac
18、ters“ in the story. And in a note at the end of the book Mr. le Cane thanks the various diplomats, doctors, pharmaceutical experts and old Africa hands who gave him advice and assistance, though in the same breath he insists that the staff of the British mission in Nairobi are no doubt all jolly goo
19、d eggs who bear no resemblance whatsoever to the heartless scoundrels in his story.Theres nothing wrong with a bit of artistic license, Of course. But Mr. le Carres equivocation about the novels relation to fact undermines its effectiveness as a work of social criticism, which is pretty clearly what
20、 it aspires to be. “The Constant Gardener“ is a cracking thriller but a flawed exploration of a complicated set of political issues.（分数：10.00）(1).“The Constant Gardener“ is a _.（分数：2.00）A.filmB.comedyC.novelD.document(2).The thriller is always full of the following features EXCEPT _.（分数：2.00）A.tense
21、 instantsB.truth-exposureC.frightening backgroundD.sudden twists(3).The characters in “The Constant Gardener“ are NOT _.（分数：2.00）A.connected with the authors friendsB.based on real-life peopleC.similar to the Staff of the British MissionD.outside to the real life(4).“Equivocation“( Line 1, Last para
22、graph ) means（分数：2.00）A.clear attitudeB.effectivenessC.ambiguous wordsD.determination(5).Which is the authors attitude to Mr. Le Carte?（分数：2.00）A.disappointedB.indifferentC.criticalD.appreciativeBText 2/BOne of the comical moments in the early history of printing occurred in 1631, when the English p
23、rinter Robert Barker produced an edition of the scriptures which became known as the “Wicked Bible.“ This edition contained a misprint of the seventh commandmem. One thousand copies were printed and ready for publication before someone noticed that the commandment had been changed to “Thou shalt com
24、mit adultery.“ Nothing much came of it. The printer was fined, the copies destroyed and the moral fiber of the nation remained intact.But what happens when the verse at issue is not merely a printers error but an ancient Uinterpolation/U into an even more ancient text? Such was the case with 1 John
25、5:7, the biblical proof-text for the doctrine of the Trinity. Erasmus, Sir Isaac Newton and John Locke, among others, challenged the texts authenticity. When Erasmus left the verse out of the first edition of his monumental Greek New Testament (1516), he was roundly criticized for encouraging heresi
26、es, schisms and conflicts. Erasmuss critics knew that approaching the Bible in a scholarly fashion was dangerous: even the most pious attempts at rational understanding of scripture could result in skepticism or atheism. How can one appraise the Bible critically and still maintain its authority?.In
27、his engaging and very thorough book, David Katz explores the ways this question was addressed in England from the Reformation onward. A professor at Tel Aviv University, Katz is the author of The Jews in the History of England, 1485-1850 and a host of books and articles on early- modem skepticism an
28、d religion. In Gods Last Words, Katz maintains that every era responds to the Bible differently based on shifting cultural assumptions, and he examines the “lens through which the Bible was read“ in various historical moments. While Reformation leaders accepted the transparency of the Bibles message
29、, by the late 17th century, this view could no longer be maintained, Katz states. During the 18th century the Bible came to be regarded as just another literary text-one which increasingly had to conform to contemporary standards of realism. As Darwins theories became widely known, 19th-century read
30、ers applied an evolutionary model to the Bible and began m see it as the product of a primitive mentality very different from their own. These new ways of reading the Bible seemed to destroy its authority completely until the fundamentalist movement reasserted the old Protestant belief in the Bibles
31、 sole authority.（分数：10.00）(1).Why was the edition printed by Robert Barker called the “Wicked Bible“?（分数：2.00）A.Because it contained a mistake.B.Because it allowed people to commit adultery.C.Because the original content of Bible was changed a lot in this edition.D.Because a misprint of this edition
32、 affected the original meaning.(2).What is the meaning of “interpolation“ (Line 2, Para. 2)?（分数：2.00）A.misinterpretationB.interpretationC.translationD.explanation(3).Erasmuss work was criticized as heresies because_.（分数：2.00）A.he adapted the BibleB.he approached the scripture in a scholarly fashionC
33、.he appraised the scripture criticallyD.he understood the scripture rationally(4).Katzs attitude to the adaptation of Bible is（分数：2.00）A.positiveB.negativeC.skepticalD.indifferent(5).Which of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：2.00）A.Reformation leaders thought all the messages in Bible were o
34、riginal.B.People in 18th century can adapt Bible to their wills.C.Bible was looked upon as the primitive peoples thoughts in 19th century.D.Bibles authority was reassumed through the fundamentalist movement.BText 3/BEnough is never enough, not when the government believes that it can invade your pri
35、vacy without repercussions. The Justice Department wants a federal judge to force Google to turn over millions of private Internet searches. Google is rightly fighting the demand, but the government says America Online, Yahoo and MSN, Microsofts Online Service. have already complied with similar req
36、uests.This is not about national security. The Justice Department is making this baldfaced grab to try to support an online pornography law that has been blocked once by the Supreme Court. And its not the first time weve seen this sort of behavior. The government has zealously protected the Patriot
37、Acts power to examine library records. It sought the private medical histories of a selected group of women, saying it needed the information to defend the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act in the federal courts.The furor is still raging over President Bushs decision m permit spying on Americans withou
38、t warrants. And the government now wants what could be billions of search terms entered into Googles web pages and possibly a million website addresses to go along with them.Protecting minors from the nastier material on the Internet is a valid goal: the courts have asked the government to test whet
39、her technologies for filtering out the bad stuff are effective. And the government hasnt asked for users personal data this time around. Whats frightening is that the Justice Department is trying once again to dig up information first and answer questions later, if at all. Had Google not resisted th
40、e governments attempt to seize records, would the public have ever found about the request?The battle raises the question of how much. of our personal information companies should be allowed to hold onto in the first place. Without much thought, Internet users have handed over vast quantities of pri
41、vate information to corporations. Many people dont realize that some harmlessly named “cookies“ in personal computers allow companies to track visits to various websites.Internet users permit their e-mail to be read by people and machines in ways they would never tolerate for their old-fashioned mai
42、l. And much of that information is now collected and stored by companies like Google. When pressed on privacy issues, Google whose informal motto is “Dont be evil“ says it can be trusted with this information. But profiling consumers behavior is potentially profitable for companies. And once catalog
43、ued, information can be abused by the government as well. Either way, the individual citizen loses.（分数：10.00）(1).In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by_.（分数：2.00）A.posing a contrastB.justifying an assumptionC.making a comparisonD.presenting a phenomenon(2).The Justice Departmen
44、t made such a decision in order to_.（分数：2.00）A.ensure the national securityB.get some private personal dataC.fight against pornographyD.defend the womens fights(3).By introducing the example of government seeking private medical information, the author intends to show _.（分数：2.00）A.this kind of. beha
45、vior is very commonB.the government did so for public goodC.it is reasonable for the government to take such actionD.the government made great efforts in protecting the Patriot Act power(4).What does the last sentence of the fourth paragraph imply?（分数：2.00）A.Google shouldnt resist the governments at
46、tempt.B.The public didnt know the request.C.The government had successfully seized records.D.The public knew the truth thanks to Google.(5).What can be inferred from the last paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Internet users dont allow their personal information known by others.B.Google will ensure customers pers
47、onal information be protected.C.Internet users interests will be affected ultimately.D.The government may make profits by seizing the records.BText 4/BEven for overachievers who are used to multitasking, the idea of watching two versions of the same television show at the same time-one on television
48、 and one on a computeris something that is probably foreign to most people over the age of 30. To the eternally young brains that nm MTV, however, it is the next step in reshaping their business.Beginning this summer with the MTV Video Music Awards and continuing in the fall with the cable channels
49、live afternoon program, “Total Request Live,“ MTV will offer two simultaneous versions of each show, one on television and another, focusing on a behind-the-scenes narrative, on its broadband channel, MTV Overdrive.“We do tons of research on our audience, and it shows that they are instant messaging
