1、考研英语(二)-2 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.Many foreigners who have not visited Britain call all the inhabitants English, for they are used to thi
2、nking of the British Isles as England. U U 1 /U /U, the British Isles contain a variety of peoples, and only the people of England call themselves English. The others U U 2 /U /Uto themselves as Welsh, Scottish, or Irish, U U 3 /U /Uthe case may be; they are often slightly annoyed U U 4 /U /Ubeing c
3、lassified as “English“.Even in England there are many U U 5 /U /Uin regional character and speech. The chief U U 6 /U /Uis between southern England and northern England. South of a U U 7 /U /Ugoing from Bristol to London, people speak the type of English usually learnt by foreign students, U U 8 /U
4、/Uthere are local variations.Further north regional speech is usually “broader“ than U U 9 /U /Uof southern Britain. Northerners are U U 10 /U /Uto claim that they work harder than Southerners, and are more U U 11 /U /UThey are open-hearted and hospitable; foreigners often find that they make friend
5、s with them U U 12 /U /U. Northerners generally have hearty U U 13 /U /U: the visitor to Lancashire or Yorkshire, for instance, may look forward to receiving U U 14 /U /Uhelpings at meal times.In accent and character the people of the Midlands U U 15 /U /Ua gradual change from the southern to the no
6、rthern type of Englishman.In Scotland the sound U U 16 /U /Uby the letter “R“ is generally a strong sound, and “R“ is often pronounced in words in which it would be U U 17 /U /Uin southern English. The Scots are said to be a serious, cautious, thrifty people, U U 18 /U /Uinventive and somewhat mysti
7、cal. All the Celtic people of Britain (the Welsh, the Irish, the Scots) are frequently U U 19 /U /Uas being more “fiery“ than the English. They are U U 20 /U /Ua race that is quite distinct from the English.（分数：10.00）(1). A. In consequence B. In brief C. In general D. In fact（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2). A.
8、 confine B. attach C. refer D. add（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3). A. as B. which C. for D. so（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4). A. with B. by C. as D. at（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5). A. similarities B. differences C. certainties D. features（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6). A. factor B. virtue C. privilege D. division（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7). A.
9、line B. row C. border D. scale（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8). A. who B. when C. though D. for（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9). A. that B. those C. the area D. the region（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10). A. used B. apt C. possible D. probable（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11). A. perfect B. notorious C. superior D. thorough（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).
10、 A. swiftly B. promptly C. immediately D. quickly（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13). A. appetites B. tastes C. interests D. senses（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14). A. genuine B. generous C. general D. sincere（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15). A. designate B. demonstrate C. represent D. reckon（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16). A. delivered B. deno
11、ted C. depicted D. defined（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17). A. quiet B. obscure C. silent D. faint（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18). A. rather B. still C. somehow D. even（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19). A. rendered B. thought C. impressed D. described（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20). A. with B. of C. among D. against（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、BSectio
12、n Readi(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、BPart A/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、BText 1/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Manners nowadays in metropolitan cities like London are practically non-existent. It is nothing for a big, strong schoolboy to elbow an elderly woman aside in the dash for the last remaining seat on the tube or bus, much less
13、 stand up and offer his seat to her, as he ought to. In fact, it is saddening to note that if a man does offer his seat to an older woman, it is nearly always a Continental man or one from the older generation.This question of giving up seats in public transport is much argued about by young men, wh
14、o say that, since women have claimed equality, they no longer deserve to be treated with courtesy, and that those who go out to work should take their turn in the rat race like anyone else. Women have never claimed to be physically as strong as men. Even if it is not agreed, however, that young men
15、should stand up for younger women, the fact remains that courtesy should be shown to the old, the sick and the burdened.Conditions in travel are really very hard on everyone, we know, but hardship is surely no excuse. Sometimes one wonders what would have been the behavior of these stout young men i
16、n a packed refugee train or a train on its way to a prisoner-camp during the war. Would they have considered it only right and their proper due to keep the best places for themselves then?Older people, tired and irritable from a days work, are not angels, either far from it. Many a brisk argument or
17、 an insulting quarrel breaks out as the weary queues push and shove each other to get on buses and tubes. One cannot commend this, of course, but one does feel there is just a little more excuse.If cities are to remain pleasant places to live in at all, however, it seems urgent, not only that commun
18、ications in transport should be improved, but also that communication between human beings should be kept smooth and polite. All over cities, it seems that people are too tired and rushed to be polite. Shop assistants wont bother to assist, taxi drivers shout at each other as they dash dangerously r
19、ound corners, bus conductors pull the bell before their desperate passengers have had time to get on or off the bus, and so on and so on. It seems to us that it is up to the young and strong to do their small part to stop such deterioration.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the author, seeing a Continental
20、 man offer his seat to a grandmotherly woman is _. A. comforting B. praiseworthy C. grieving D. shocking（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the text, all of the followings are tree EXCEPT _. A. senior citizens, though exhausted and irritable, behave rather politely B. hard conditions in travel is no e
21、xcuse for young men to refuse giving up seats C. in the eyes of young men, courtesy shouldnt be shown to women in transport D. to improve the quality of city life, communications in transport and between people must be improved as soon as possible（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Shop assistants, taxi drivers an
22、d bus conductors are mentioned in the last paragraph so as to _. A. reveal the chaos of cities B. show the importance of improving communications in transport C. illustrate their tiredness and busy state D. manifest the necessity of improving communications between human beings（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).J
23、udging from the context, the word “deterioration“ in the last paragraph most probably means _. A. worsening of bad manners B. aggravating of the environment C. declining of the youngs moral sense D. lowering of citizens living standards（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Judging from the content, this passage is p
24、robably written for _. A. older people B. stout young men C. transport system D. Continental men（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、BText 2/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)When, in the age of automation, man searches for a worker to do the tedious, unpleasant jobs that are more or less impossible to mechanize, he may very profitab
25、ly consider the ape.If we tackled the problem of breeding for brains with as much enthusiasm as we devote to breeding dogs of surrealistic shapes, we could eventually produce assorted models of useful primates, ranging in size from the gorilla down to the baboon (狒狒), each adapted to a special kind
26、of work. It is not putting too much strain on the imagination to assume that geneticists could produce a super-ape, which is able to understand some scores of words, and capable of being trained for such jobs as picking fruit, cleaning up the litter in parks, shining shoes, collecting garage, doing
27、household chores, and even baby-sitting, although I have known some babies I would not care to trust with a valuable ape.Apes could do many jobs, such as cleaning streets and the more repetitive types of agricultural work, without supervision, though they might need protection from those Uegregious/
28、U specimens of human beings who think it amusing to tease or bully anything they consider lower on the evolutionary ladder. For other tasks, such as delivering papers and laboring on the docks, our man-ape would have to work under human overseers; and, incidentally, I would love to see the ending of
29、 the twenty-first century version of On the Waterfront in which Uthe honest but hairy hero/U will drum on his chest afterliterallytaking the wicked labor leader apart.Once a supply of nonhuman workers becomes available, a whole range of low IQ jobs could be thankfully given up by mankind, to its gre
30、at mental and physical advantage. What is more, one of the problems which has plagued so many fictional Utopias would be avoided: there would be none of the degradingly subhuman Epsilons of Huxleys Brave New World to act as a permanent reproach to society, for there is a profound moral difference be
31、tween breeding sub-men and super-apes, though the end products are much the same. The first would introduce a form of slavery, but the second would be a biological triumph which could benefit both men and animals.（分数：10.00）(1).Certain jobs can be considered for apes when _. A. the jobs are monotonou
32、s and impossible to be handled by mechanic equipment B. we evolve into the stage of automation C. we devote much enthusiasm to breeding apes D. the jobs are as simple as picking fruit and shining shoes（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the text, which of the following statements is NOT true? A. Human
33、 beings devote much enthusiasm to breeding dogs of surrealistic shapes. B. With enough dedication, mankind could cultivate useful apes adapted to special kinds of work. C. Its imaginable that super-apes could be created which can even be trained for babysitting. D. To some babies the author knows, t
34、he ape is not capable enough to look after.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The word “egregious“ (Line 2, Para.3) could best be replaced by _. A. social B. hospitable C. wicked D. hostile（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Judging from the context, “the honest but hairy hero“ (Line 6, Para.3) most probably means _. A. the hum
35、an overseer B. the ape worker C. the keeper of the ape D. a heroic ape（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The authors attitude toward breeding super-apes can be summarized as _. A. neutral B. negative C. positive D. prejudiced（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、BText 3/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The differences in living standards around th
36、e world are vast. In 1993, the average American had an income of about 25,000. In the same year, the average Mexican earned 7,000, and the average Nigerian earned 1,500. Not surprisingly, this large variation in average income is reflected in various measures of the quality of life. Changes in livin
37、g standards over time are also large. In the United States, incomes have historically grown about 2 percent per year (after adjusting for changes in the cost of living). At this rate, average income doubles every 35 years. In some countries, economic growth has been even more rapid. In Japan, for in
38、stance, average income has doubled in the past 20 years, and in South Korea it has doubled in the past 10 years.What explains these large differences in living standards among countries and over time? The answer is surprisingly simple. Almost all variation in living standards is attributable to diff
39、erences in countries productivitythat is, the amount of goods and services produced from each hour of a workers time. In nations where workers can produce a large quantity of goods and services per unit of time, most people enjoy a high standard of living; in nations where workers are less productiv
40、e, most people must endure a more meager existence. Similarly, the growth rate of a nations productivity determines the growth rate of its average income.The fundamental relationship between productivity and living standards is simple, but its implications are far-reaching. If productivity is the pr
41、imary determinant of living standards, other explanations must be of secondary importance. For example, people might think that labor unions or minimum-wage laws contributed to the rise in living standards of American workers over the past century. Yet the real hero of American workers is their risi
42、ng productivity.The relationship between productivity and living standards also has great implications for public policy. When thinking about how any policy will affect living standards, the key question is how it will affect our ability to produce goods and services. To improve living standards, po
43、licymakers need to raise productivity by ensuring that workers are well educated, have the tools needed to produce goods and services, and have access to the best available technology.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following countries has enjoyed the fastest economic growth in history? A. Mexico B. The
44、United States C. Japan D. South Korea（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The Word “meager“ in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to “_“. A. modest B. poor C. meaningless D. plentiful（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What is the most important factor that leads to the rise in living standards of average people? A. labor
45、 unions B. minimum-wage laws C. rising productivity D. favorable public policy（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The study of the relationship between productivity and living standards is significant because _. A. it calls policy makers attention to a qualified work force B. it encourages workers to get better ed
46、ucation C. it helps improve the workers ability to produce goods and services D. it enables policy makers to access the latest technology（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text? A. The differences in average income among countries B. The relationship
47、 between productivity and living standards C. The causes of the rise in living standards D. The importance of raising productivity（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.七、BText 4/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Education is one of the key words of our time. A man, without an education, many of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced of the importance of education, modem states “invest“ in institutions of learning
