1、考研英语(二)-26 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Marriage, and its many ups and downs, still often 1 the headlines on newspapers, magazines and the airwaves. Nearly 23m Americans watched Prince William being joined in holy marriage to Kate Middleton. Millions more have 2 in
2、the break-up of Arnold Schwarzenegger“s marriage after revelations that he fathered a son with a maid. Less 3 are revelations about the sorry state of marriage across the United States. Data from the Census Bureau show that married couples, for the first time, now make up 4 than half (45%) of all ho
3、useholds. The 5 American family, with morn, dad and kids under one roof, is 6 . In every state the numbers of unmarried couples, childless households and single-person households are growing faster than 7 comprised of married people with children, finds the 2010 8 . The latter accounted 9 43% of hou
4、seholds in 1950, but now just 20%. And the trend has a distinct 10 dimension. Traditional marriage has 11 from a universal rite to a luxury for the educated and the 12 There 13 was a marriage gap in 1960: only four percentage points separated the wedded ways of college and high-school graduates (76%
5、 versus 72%). The gap has since 14 to 16 percentage points, according to the Pew Research Centre. A Census Bureau analysis released this spring found that brides are significantly more 15 to have a college degree than they were in the mid-1990s. “Marriage has become much more 16 , and that“s why the
6、 divorce rate has come down,“ said Bradford Wilcox, director of the National Marriage Project at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville. The project found that divorce rates for couples with college degrees are only a third as high as for those with a high-school degree. “Less marriage means
7、less income and more poverty,“ reckons Isabel Sawhill, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution. She and other researchers have 17 as much as half of the inequality of wealth 18 in America to changes in family 19 : single-parent families (mostly those with a high-school degree or less) are getti
8、ng poorer while married couples (with educations and dual incomes) are increasingly 20 . “This is a striking gap that is not well understood by the public,“ she says.（分数：10.00）A.hitsB.missesC.occupiesD.attractsA.relievedB.defendedC.indulgedD.obsessedA.sensitiveB.sentimentalC.sensationalD.sensibleA.l
9、essB.moreC.ratherD.otherA.unusualB.commonplaceC.conservativeD.characteristicA.evaporatingB.disappearingC.vanishingD.fadingA.thatB.itC.thoseD.themA.censusB.consentC.consensusD.censorA.onB.withC.forD.atA.raceB.faithC.classD.genderA.revolvedB.devolvedC.involvedD.evolvedA.eliteB.superiorC.nobleD.eligibl
10、eA.apparentlyB.nearlyC.onlyD.barelyA.widenedB.narrowedC.closedD.bridgedA.probableB.likelyC.liableD.possibleA.unpopularB.sophisticatedC.selectiveD.diversifiedA.contributedB.tributeC.attributedD.distributedA.arrangementB.distributionC.classificationD.layoutA.foundationB.compositionC.constructionD.comb
11、inationA.influentialB.abundantC.plentifulD.affluent二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Of all the cuts to public services, few have provoked such loud protests as proposals to close libraries. Petitions and curses have been followed by legal challenges.
12、On November 16th a judge in London rifled against plans to close 21 libraries in Gloucestershire and Somerset. Campaigners in Brent, in north-west London, have taken their fight against closures to the Court of Appeal. Local politicians are startled. Keith Mitchell, leader of Oxfordshire county coun
13、cil, which was forced by public pressure to abandon plans to close many libraries, complained that protesters seemed much less upset by cuts to social care and rubbish collection. Visits to libraries have declined by 6.7% in the past five years, according to the Chartered Institute of Public Finance
14、 and Accountancy (CIPFA). But this is to underestimate the symbolic role libraries play as a visible public good. A 2010 poll found that 69% of people had been to a library in the past year. More than 80% view libraries as “essential“ or “very important“. Yet savings have to be made somewhere. If li
15、brary closures cause protests, cuts must be done stealthily. In the 2010-11 fiscal year libraries acquired 7.4% fewer adult fiction books and 13.7% fewer non-fiction books than they had the year before. An older, less appealing stock could speed the decline in library visits. Yet hard times are also
16、 forcing innovations that may help libraries in the long run. In a quiet success for David Cameron“s “Big Society“, the number of volunteer librarians has risen from 12,708 to 21,642 in the past five years. That trend has its critics, especially among professional librarians. But staff account for a
17、t least half the cost of running a library. Other savings could probably be made by consolidating England“s 151 library authorities, and by making better use of technology. “London has 32 library authorities but just one police authority,“ marvels Desmond Clarke, a library campaigner. An entirely di
18、fferent option is to pour money into a single edifice in the hope that it will have a benign effect on the neighborhood. England“s most popular library is the Norfolk in Indonesia their share is exactly half.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.
19、The number of females having higher education in rich countries is larger than that in developing countries.B.The number of women with doctor degrees is smaller than that of men.C.The illiteracy rate of world population has remained unchanged for the past two decades.D.In emerging countries, girls h
20、ave almost equal access to elementary and secondary education as boys.(2).One recent decision made by America“s National Science Foundation may change the unfavorable situation for females in academic promotion because _.（分数：2.00）A.it allocates more funds to the research field predominated by female
21、sB.it radically changes the academic promotion mechanism in universitiesC.it eases the restrictions on the age of candidates applying for senior postsD.it allows researchers to finish the project on a more flexible schedule(3).By comparing education parity to a “cheque in the marl“, Ina Ganguli mean
22、s that _.（分数：2.00）A.education parity will not have an immediate financial paybackB.education parity does not necessarily guarantee more women join the workforceC.education parity does not mean male and female stand an equal chance for jobD.the benefits of education parity always come in disguised fo
23、rms(4).The article mentions the following gaps between male and female in education over rich countries except that _.（分数：2.00）A.less females receive PhD degrees than malesB.female scholars are promoted more slowly than their male colleaguesC.men and woman are not equally paid for the same jobD.wome
24、n tend to focus on majors with less appealing payment prospects(5).The contrast between Japanese women and Indonesian women in the last paragraph suggests that _.（分数：2.00）A.women in different countries vary widely in their mathematic abilityB.the different preference for subjects between male and fe
25、male is a phenomenon specific to some countriesC.culture will have some effect on girls“ performance in majors closely linked with mathematicsD.girls“ preference to choose health and humanities as majors is largely influenced by cultural stereotype七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Imagine a Briton“s new year
26、resolutions: he vows to stop smoking 20 cigarettes a day, and abandon his daily bottle of claret and nightly whisky. Confronting his enlarging gut, he may even promise to make his ten-mile round-trip commute by bike, not car. What admirable goals. And since this gentleman“s annual vice bill comes to
27、 around 7,500 pounds, he will be well-rewarded for his virtue even before considering the effect on his health. But the Treasury might rejoice a little less. In the fiscal year 2010-11 nearly 10% of all taxes collected came from duty on alcohol, tobacco, and fuel as well as from vehicle excise duty,
28、 a tax that falls most heavily on the least efficient cars. You may say that New Year resolutions are notoriously short-lived, but the longer-run trend still looks bad for the exchequer. Because many vices are in constant decline, so are receipts, predicts the Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR).
29、 Smoking rates have been falling for decades, attributed partly to high taxes, and partly to public health campaigns changing social mores and a smoking ban in workplaces introduced across Britain in 2007. The government could respond by increasing sin tax rates. But when duties rise, so do the ince
30、ntives to get around them, by buying abroad or on the black market. This is particularly common with cigarettes, which are easy for individual smokers to import. In 2000 non-duty consumption reached a peak of 78%, a consequence of the weak euro as well as a sudden increase in taxes of inflation plus
31、 5%. Petrol taxes are leaking more quickly. As with smoking, behavior is changing: car and van mileage has fallen for four consecutive years, partly because petrol is so expensive and new vehicles have better engines. These trends, as well as the rise of electric and hybrid cars, are forecast to com
32、press receipts from 1.8% of GDP in 2010 to just 1.1% in 2030. There are, of course, advantages to Britons giving up their filthy habits. Smoking is the leading cause of preventable illness and premature death in Britain. It cost the National Health Service more than 5 billion pounds a year in 2005-0
33、6, some 5.5% of its budget at the time, according to an Oxford University study. But any benefit to the NHS may be short-lived. Those who do not perish from diseases associated with smoking are likely to die more slowly of age-related illnesses. In moral terms, a decline in sin tax receipts suggests
34、 a job well done. But in fiscal terms, a hole is a hole. As the OBR sees it, falling Treasury income means Britons will be getting, in effect, an unannounced tax cut. Other taxes could therefore rise without leaving people worse off in aggregate. The maths makes sense. For the virtuous, though, bein
35、g clobbered with new taxes may seem a rather poor reward.（分数：10.00）(1).An ordinary Britain“s New Year resolution is mentioned in Paragraph 1 to _.（分数：2.00）A.indicate the significant role played by tax in changing the lifestyleB.illustrate that the decline of tax revenue is only short-livedC.stress t
36、he benefits of leading a healthy lifestyleD.demonstrate how a healthy lifestyle may affect the fiscal revenue(2).It can be inferred from the passage that the sin tax is _.（分数：2.00）A.a tax levied to curb unhealthy consumptionB.the most important source of revenue of British governmentC.a tax levied o
37、n the basis of personal incomeD.a tax borne by enterprises rather than consumers(3).According to Paragraph 3, increasing tax rates on cigarettes is not a reasonable way for government to counteract effects of less people smoking because _.（分数：2.00）A.it will force more people to give up smokingB.it w
38、ill stimulate people to access cigarettes from alternative channelsC.it can not counter the effects of weak euroD.it can not counter the effects of inflation(4).According to the last paragraph, in moral terms, a decline in sin tax receipts suggests that _.（分数：2.00）A.government“s job to curb unhealth
39、y consumption is fulfilledB.government“s job to relieve the tax burden of British people is fulfilledC.government“s job to advocate public health campaign is fulfilledD.government“s job to elevate the moral level of British people is fulfilled(5).The lost revenue from sin taxes may be balanced by _.
40、（分数：2.00）A.raising sin tax ratesB.the money saved from curbing disease linked to smoking or drinkingC.imposing new taxes or increasing rates of other taxesD.collecting more personal income tax八、Part B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A. Not giving bonus to employees who deserve it B. Not giving positive information C
41、. Not linking individual jobs to the big picture D. Not recognizing and rewarding great performance E. Failure to get employees obsessive about winning F. Not giving feedback G. Failure to give a clear vision of winning Over the years, Gallup has surveyed millions of employees and customers on a var
42、iety of workplace issues. One very interesting fact emerges from all their research. Of all the employees Gallup has surveyed, just over half have a clear understanding of what“s expected of them when they show up to work every day. And we wonder why excellence is such a rare commodity in the corpor
43、ate world! As leaders, the things we don“t do or say often have more of an impact than those that we do. So I took my own informal poll and came up with the top five things managers don“t do that undermine excellence in organizations. 1 Nothing is more important to creating a culture of excellence t
44、han defining what winning looks like for your organization, for teams and for individuals. Having a clear definition of winning provides focus and clarity at every level. It gets everyone aligned and moving in the same direction. It motivates and inspires people to perform at their best. And when un
45、expected adversity occurs, it gives people an anchor to rally around and keep their energy and spirits high. 2 It“s not enough just todefine winning. To keep employees focused on winning, you have to infuse it into your employees“ minds! Otherwise, people get so distracted by everything they have on
46、 their plates that they lose sight of the big picture. 3 Today“s employees want feedback, and lots of it! Without it, people don“t know where they stand in regards to performance expectations. More important, when you don“t tell employees how they“re doing, it sends the message that you don“t care.
47、Without feedback, people make up information to fill the void. This made-up information is almost always negative. Giving regular feedback helps to prevent destructive “information gaps,“ and strengthens relationships between employees and their supervisors. It also leads to improved work quality, i
48、ncreased accountability, and a higher-performing work environment. 4 Most employees want to feel like they“re doing more than just earning a paycheck. Start by making sure every individual job actually supports getting to your destination. Then let people knowspecificallyhow their jobs contribute to
49、 winning and why it“s so important for them to perform at a high level. This makes it easier to set priorities, make decisions that support reaching your destination, and eliminate activities that get in the way of achieving the goal. 5 As leaders, we all know we need to acknowledge and reward employees for top performance. And I“m not talking about an automatic 1% bonus at the end of the year. I“m talking about small, ongoing, personalized rewards that show employees you really appreciate the effort they put in. Nothing lets the air out of th
