1、考研英语(一)-94 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In the rarefied world of the corporate board, a good network matters. 1 often involves word-of-mouth recommendations: getting on a 2 is easier if you have the right connections. New research suggests men use 3 better than wome
2、n. Marie Lalanne and Paul Seabright of the Toulouse School of Economics 4 the effect of a network on 5 using a database of board members in Europe and America. They find that if you were to compare two executive directors, 6 in every way except that one had 200 ex-colleagues now 7 boards and the oth
3、er 400, the latter, 8 , would be paid 6% more. For non-executives the gap is 14%. The really 9 finding concerns the difference between the sexes. Among executive-board members, women earn 17% less than their male 10 . There are plenty of plausible explanations for this 11 , from interruptions to wom
4、en“s careers to old-fashioned 12 . But the authors find that this pay gap can be fully 13 by the effect of executives“ networks. Men can leverage a large network into more senior positions or a seat on a more 14 board; women don“t seem to be able to. Women could just have 15 connections with members
5、 of their networks. “Women seem more inclined to build and rely on only a few strong relationships,“ says Mr. Seabright. Men are better at developing 16 acquaintances into a network, and better at maintaining a high personal 17 through these contacts. Women may, of course, also be hurt by the existi
6、ng 18 of men on boards and a male 19 for filling executive positions with other men. But a tendency to think of other men first will be 20 if talented women don“t stay on the radar.（分数：10.00）A.EmploymentB.ApplicationC.OptionD.RecruitmentA.shortlistB.checklistC.pamphletD.leafletA.commissionsB.tactics
7、C.contactsD.techniquesA.documentB.measureC.superviseD.prospectA.claimB.reparationC.remunerationD.allowanceA.identicalB.similarC.differentialD.distinctiveA.sitting byB.sitting onC.sitting forD.sitting inA.in commonB.by contrastC.at handD.on averageA.confidentialB.juicyC.lucidD.scandalousA.associatesB
8、.equivalenceC.counterpartsD.companionsA.disparityB.divergenceC.similarityD.analogyA.discourtesyB.disturbanceC.disputeD.discriminationA.explainedB.compensatedC.eliminatedD.inducedA.industriousB.ludicrousC.lucrativeD.economicalA.weakerB.strongerC.promisingD.fabulousA.transientB.temperateC.imminentD.pa
9、ssingA.resumeB.qualificationC.outlineD.profileA.monopolyB.transactionC.dominanceD.surveillanceA.perspirationB.substituteC.prerequisiteD.preferenceA.amplifiedB.aggravatedC.popularizedD.increased二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The film-awards season, w
10、hich reaches its tearful climax with the Oscars next week, has long been only loosely related to the film business. Hollywood is dedicated to the art of funneling teenagers past popcorn stands, not art itself. But this year“s awards are less relevant than ever. The true worth of a film is no longer
11、decided by the crowd that assembles in the Kodak Theatreor, indeed, by any American. It is decided by youngsters in countries such as Russia, China and Brazil. Hollywood has always been an international business, but it is becoming dramatically more so. In the past decade total box-office spending h
12、as risen by about one-third in North America while more than doubling elsewhere. Thanks to Harry Potter, Sherlock Holmes and “Inception“, Warner Bros made $2.93 billion outside North America last year, smashing the studio“s previous record of $2.24 billion. Falling DVD sales in America, by far the w
13、orld“s biggest home-entertainment market, mean Hollywood is even more dependent on foreign punters. The rising foreign tide has lifted films that were virtually written off in America, such as “Prince of Persia“ and “The Chronicles of Narnia: the Voyage of the Dawn Treader“. Despite starring the pop
14、ular Jack Black, “Gulliver“s Travels“ had a disappointing run in North America, taking $42m at the box office so far. But strong turnout in Russia and South Korea helped it reach almost $150m in sales elsewhere. As a result, it should turn a profit, says John Davis, the film“s producer. The growth o
15、f the international box office is partly a result of the dollar“s weakness. It was also helped by “Avatar“, and eco-fantasy that made a startling $2 billion outside North America. But three things are particularly important: a cinema boom in the emerging world, a concerted effort by the major studio
16、s to make films that might play well outside America and a global marketing push to make sure they do. Russia, with its shrinking teenage population, is an unlikely spot for a box-office boom. Yet cinema-building is proceeding apace, and supply has created demand. Last year 160m cinema tickets were
17、sold in Russiathe first time in recent years that sales have exceeded the country“s population. Ticket prices have risen, in part because the new cinemas are superior, with digital projectors that can show 3D films. The big Hollywood studios are muscling domestic film-makers aside. In 2007 American
18、films made almost twice as much at the Russian box office as domestic films8.3 billion roubles ($325m) compared with 4.5 billion. Last year the imported stuff made some 16.4 billion roubles: more than five times as much as the home-grown product, estimates Movie Research, a Moscow outfit. Earlier th
19、is month Vladimir Putin, Russia“s Prime Minister, said the government would spend less money supporting Russian film-makers and more on expanding the number of screens.（分数：10.00）(1).We can learn from Paragraph 1 that _.（分数：2.00）A.film awards are not relevant to the film businessB.Hollywood tries its
20、 best to attract teenagers to pass popcorn standsC.the true worth of a film is decided by Russia, China and BrazilD.Oscar will reach its tearful climax next week(2).The word “punter“ (Line 6, Para. 2) most probably means _（分数：2.00）A.movieB.businessC.studioD.customer(3).How much did “Gulliver“s Trave
21、ls“ take at the box office outside North America?（分数：2.00）A.$42m.B.$180m.C.Almost $192m.D.Almost $150m.(4).Which of the following may NOT be the reason for the growth of the international box office?（分数：2.00）A.Major studios employ global marketing to make films.B.Cinema is developing rapidly in the
22、emerging world.C.“Avatar“ made great profit outside North America.D.The dollar is devaluated.(5).What is the main idea of Paragraph 5?（分数：2.00）A.Cinema develops rapidly in Russia while American films impact Russian domestic films greatly.B.American films are more successful at the Russian box office
23、 than domestic films.C.Cinema-building creates demand so that more Russian teenagers go to cinema.D.Russian government would spend more on expanding the number of cinemas.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)For the moment, mind-reading is still science fiction. But that may not be true for much longer. Several
24、lines of inquiry are converging on the idea that the neurological activity of the brain can be decoded directly, and people“s thoughts revealed without being spoken. Just imagine the potential benefits. Such a development would allow both the fit and the disabled to operate machines merely by choosi
25、ng what they want those machines to do. It would permit the profoundly handicapped to communicate more easily than is now possible even with the text-based speech engines used by the likes of Stephen Hawking. It might unlock the mental prisons of people apparently in comas, who nevertheless show som
26、e signs of neural activity. For the able-bodied, it could allow workers to dictate documents silently to computers simply by thinking about what they want to say. The most profound implication, however, is that it would abolish the ability to lie. Who could object to that? You will not bear false wi
27、tness. Tell the truth, and shame the Devil. Transparency, which speaks for honesty in management, is put forward as the answer to most of today“s evils. But honestly speaking, the truth of the matter is that this would lead to disaster, for lying is at the heart of civilization. People are not the o
28、nly creatures who lie. Species from squids to chimpanzees have been caught doing it from time to time. But only human beings have turned lying into an art. Call it diplomacy, public relations or simple good manners: lying is one of the things that make the world go round. The occasional untruth make
29、s domestic life possible, is essential in the office and forms a crucial part of parenting. Politics might be more entertaining without lies“The prime minister has my full support“ would be translated as, “If that half-wit persists in this insane course we“ll all be out on our ears“but a party syste
30、m would be hard to sustain without the semblance of loyalty that dishonesty permits. The truly scary prospect, however, is the effect mind-reading would have on relations between the state and the individual. In a world in which the authorities could peep at people“s thoughts, speaking truth to powe
31、r would no longer be brave: it would be unavoidable. Information technology already means that physical privacy has become a scarce commodity. Websites track your interests and purchases. Mobile phones give away your location. Video cameras record what you are up to. Lose mental privacy as well, and
32、 there really will be nowhere.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 1?（分数：2.00）A.Nowadays mind-reading is no longer a science fiction.B.Scientists have directly decoded the neurological activity of the brain.C.Mind-reading will be as simple as book-reading.D.The dream o
33、f mind-reading will be realized in the future.(2).Which of the following is NOT true according to Paragraph 2?（分数：2.00）A.Mind-reading would help the profoundly handicapped to communicate more easily.B.Mind-reading would help both the able-bodied and disabled to operate machines simply through though
34、ts.C.Mind-reading would help to prevent people from telling lies.D.Mind-reading would help to keep the mental prisons of people locked tightly.(3).It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that _.（分数：2.00）A.only human beings can tell a lieB.lying means diplomacy and public relationsC.telling lies is the e
35、ssential thing in the civilized societyD.without lying, the world could not go round(4).From Paragraph 4 we can draw the conclusion that _.（分数：2.00）A.a party system would maintain itself more easily without liesB.friendly untruth is necessary in both home and officeC.untruth is prohibited in the cou
36、rse of caring for childrenD.without lies the state would become more prosperous(5).What“s the author“s attitude toward the use of mind-reading?（分数：2.00）A.It has both positive and negative effects.B.It“s quite helpful only for the disabled.C.It can improve the relations between the state and the indi
37、viduals.D.The authorities have the right to peep at people“s thoughts through mind-reading.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)This year has turned out to be a surprisingly good one for the world economy. Global output has probably risen by close to 5%, well above its trend rate and a lot faster than forecaster
38、s were expecting 12 months ago. Most of the dangers that frightened financial markets during the year have failed to materialize. China“s economy has not suffered a hard landing. America“s mid-year slowdown did not become a double-dip recession. Granted, the troubles of the euro area“s peripheral ec
39、onomies have proved all too real. Yet the euro zone as a whole has grown at a decent rate for an ageing continent, thanks to oomph from Germany, the fastest-growing big rich economy in 2010. The question now is whether 2011 will follow the same pattern. Many people seem to think so. Consumer and bus
40、iness confidence is rising in most parts of the world; global manufacturing is accelerating; and financial markets are buoyant. The MSCI index of global share prices has climbed by 20% since early July. Investors today are shrugging off news far more ominous than that which rattled them earlier this
41、 year, from the soaring debt yields in the euro zone“s periphery to news of rising inflation in China. Earlier this year investors were too pessimistic. Now their breezy confidence seems misplaced. To oversimplify a little, the performance of the world economy in 2011 depends on what happens in thre
42、e places: the big emerging markets, the euro area and America. These big three are heading in very different directions, with very different growth prospects and contradictory policy choices. Some of this divergence is inevitable: even to the casual observer, India“s economy has always been rather d
43、ifferent from America“s. But new splits are opening up, especially in the rich world, and with them come ever more chances for friction. Begin with the big emerging markets, by far the biggest contributors to global growth this year. Where it can, foreign capital is pouring in. Isolated worries abou
44、t asset bubbles have been replaced by a fear of broader overheating. With Brazilian shops packed with shoppers, inflation there has surged above 5% and imports in November were 44% higher than the previous year. Cheap money is often the problem. Though the slump of 2009 is a distant memory, monetary
45、 conditions are still extraordinarily loose, thanks, in many places, to efforts to hold down currencies. This combination is unsustainable. To stop prices accelerating, most emerging economies will need tighter policies next year. If they do too much, their growth could slow sharply. If they do too
46、little, they invite higher inflation and a bigger tightening later. Either way, the chances of a macroeconomic shock coming from the emerging world are rising steeply.（分数：10.00）(1).What is the economic situation of the euro zone in 2010?（分数：2.00）A.It is surprisingly good.B.It is confronted with many
47、 problems.C.It is energetic and fast-growing.D.It has grown at a reasonable rate.(2).It can be inferred from the second paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.investors are not rattled by some bad newsB.financial markets are in downtrendC.the year 2011 will be a good one for the world economyD.investors are in
48、different to the soaring debt in the euro zone(3).By saying “now their breezy confidence seems misplaced“, the author means that _.（分数：2.00）A.investors are too activeB.investors are too optimisticC.investors are too relaxedD.investors are too pessimistic(4).According to Para. 4 and Para. 5, which of
49、 the following is true of the emerging markets?（分数：2.00）A.Many people worry about asset bubbles and broader overheating.B.Loose monetary conditions are helpful to hold down currencies.C.Tighter polices are called for in order to stop prices rising.D.They need tighter polices so that their economy could grow rapidly.(5).Which of the following best states the central idea of the text?（分数：2.00）A.performance of the world economy in 2011B.performance of the economy in the emerging marketC.economic problems which will be dealt with in the year 2011D.review of w
