1、考研英语(一)-64 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)“What About the Men?“ was the title of a Congressional briefing last week timed to 1 National Work and Family Month. “What about them ?“ you may be 2 to yell. When Ellen Galinsky, president of the Families and Work Institute,
2、first went out on the road to talk about her organization“s research into men“s work-family 3 , she received many such grumpy responses. Work-life experts laughed at her. Men are 4 , they said. They don“t have the right to complain. That was in 2008, before the Great Recession had hit. And this year
3、, when Galinsky went out on the road again to talk about the results of a new study on male work-life conflict, she got a very 5 response. Some men became very 6 . They felt they didn“t have permission to feel 7 . “This is what I think about each and every day, “ “ she recalled another man telling h
4、er. “ “ I didn“t realize that anyone else did, “ “ he said. “He thought he was alone, “ Galinsky told me. 8 men are 9 work-family conflict isn“t new. Indeed, it“s been some time now that theyand younger men in particularhave been complaining of feeling the 10 in even greater numbers of women. Failur
5、e, 11 , uncertainty, the 12 that comes from spending a lifetime playing one game 13 , mid-way through, that the rules have suddenly changed, seem to have 14 the old categories of self, work and meaning for many men. Is this a bad thing? I“d rather see it as a moment ripe 15 possibility. “A new begin
6、ning, “ said Ellen Galinsky. After all, what men are starting to say sounds an awful lot like the conversational stirrings that 16 the way for the modern women“s movement. For some years now, sociologists have been tracking the patterns of what they call 17 in men and women“s lives. Mostly, when we
7、think of this, we tend to focus 18 how they live, what they do, spend their time, whether they do or do not empty the dishwasher or care for their children. But what about how they feel? Now that this final frontier is being breached, I wonder if we aren“t fully prepared to see more meaningful chang
8、e in men“sand women“s and families “ lives than ever before. That is: if we can 19 the change and act 20 it with courage, not fear.（分数：10.00）A.commemorateB.memorizeC.rememberD.memorialA.attemptedB.temptedC.contemptedD.promptedA.balanceB.combinationC.conflictD.separationA.benefitedB.destinedC.privile
9、gedD.favoredA.similarB.differentC.negativeD.positiveA.compassionateB.sensationalC.rationalD.emotionalA.overwhelmedB.stressfulC.lostD.inferiorA.ThatB.WhatC.AsD.WhateverA.strivingB.experiencingC.strugglingD.confrontingA.disasterB.tortureC.painD.squeezeA.indifferenceB.innocenceC.instabilityD.insanityA.
10、self-awarenessB.self-worthC.self-esteemD.self-doubtA.only to findB.seekingC.to findD.to seekA.shatteredB.spoiledC.shedD.shiveredA.beyondB.byC.forD.withA.laidB.clearedC.pavedD.setA.distinctionB.convergenceC.divergenceD.discrepancyA.inB.onC.withD.byA.acquireB.anticipateC.acknowledgeD.appreciateA.forB.
11、toC.withD.upon二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Overall, belief in climate change has declined in the American public from roughly 75 percent to 55 percent between 2008 and 2011, with a recent rebound to 62 percent in the fall of 2011, the Brookings In
12、stitution survey finds. One noted reason for the rebound was personal experiences with warmer fall and winter temperatures. Though this kind of weather disruption is what climate scientists predict, they hesitate to place too much emphasis on one or two unusual seasons as a trend that changes public
13、 opinion. If next winter is more normal, the public may get the wrong impression about the dangers of climate change. Better for science to be more convincing. But there“s the rub . The American public is generally illiterate when it comes to science. And when American scientists complain about publ
14、ic illiteracy and lethargy on the vitally important subject of climate change, they also have themselves to blame. Generally, those who know the most about climateand other important scientific fieldsare locked up in their university ivory towers and conference rooms, speaking a language only they c
15、an understand. And they speak mostly to each other, not to the general public, policymakers, or business peoplenot to those who can actually make things happen. This is dangerous. We live in an age when scientific issues permeate our social, economic, and political culture. People must be educated a
16、bout science and the scientific process if we are to make rational and informed decisions that affect our future. But instead, the relative absence of academics and academic scholarship in the public discourse creates a vacuum into which uninformed, wrong, and downright destructive viewpoints get vo
17、iced and take hold. Here“s a typical example. After the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in 2010, conservative talk show host Rush Limbaugh argued that “The ocean will take care of this on its own if it was left alone. “ In fact, the spill created extensive damage to wide ranging marine habitats as well
18、as the Gulf Coast“s fishing and tourism industries. Long-term impacts are still unclear as scientists continue to monitor underwater plumes of dissolved oil that lie along the bottom. The fact is that today“s scientists are indeed lost to the academy. The failure begins with training in doctoral pro
19、grams and continues through professional development where the constant immersion in academic seminars and journals serves to weaken scientists“ literacy in the language of public, economic, and political discourse. Scientists limit involvement in such “ outside activities “ because tenure and promo
20、tion are based primarily on publication in top-tier academic journals. “In my view, few contemporary issues warrant critical analysis by problem-focused researchers more than environmental sustainability , and particularly climate change. Universities need to train emerging and seasoned scholars in
21、the skills of communicating science to the public and policy makers. We need to develop a new generation of scholars for whom the role of public intellectual is not an anachronism . Without such changes, the climate change debate devolves into a “ logic schism“ where the ideological extremes dominat
22、e the conversation and the space for solutions disappears into a rhetorical shouting match.（分数：10.00）(1).The recent rebound in American“s belief in climate change is _.（分数：2.00）A.the result of a successful environment campaignB.an accurate prediction by scientistsC.a natural response to unusual temp
23、eratureD.a regular cycle in public opinion(2).The problem the author is mostly concerned with in this article is _.（分数：2.00）A.the ignorance of Americans in scientific issuesB.scientists“ obsession with theoretical rather than practical researchesC.the absence of scientists“ voice in the discussion o
24、f public issuesD.the defects in the promotion mechanism of universities(3).Which of the following is not the“ outside activities“ in the eyes of scientists?（分数：2.00）A.Writing scientific columns for the broader mediaB.Churning out books for commercial pressC.Serving as an advisor in government panelD
25、.Travelling to taking part in an scientific seminar(4).The example of oil spill is used to highlight _.（分数：2.00）A.the public“s illiteracy in scientific issuesB.the media“s guilt in misleading the publicC.the danger of the absence of scientists“ voice in public issuesD.the scientists“ slow response t
26、o public events(5).In the author“s opinion, in order to enhance public“s awareness of climate change, the universities should _.（分数：2.00）A.make more videos to popularize scientific findingsB.encourage scientist to communicate more with the publicC.make more public intellectuals of social scientistsD
27、.restrain the time allocated by scientists to unpractical researches五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Why should we bother reading a book? All children say this occasionally. Many among our educated classes are also asking why, in a world of accelerating technology, increasing time poverty and diminishing att
28、ention spans, should they invest precious time sinking into a good book? The beginnings of an answer lie in the same technology that has posed the question. Psychologists from Washington University used brain scans to see what happens inside our heads when we read stories. They found that “readers m
29、entally simulate each new situation encountered in a narrative “. The brain weaves these situations together with experiences from its own life to create a new mental synthesis. Reading a book leaves us with new neural pathways. The discovery that our brains are physically changed by the experience
30、of reading is something many of us will understand instinctively, as we think back to the way an extraordinary book had a transformative effect on the way we viewed the world. This transformation only takes place when we lose ourselves in a book, abandoning the emotional and mental chatter of the re
31、al world. That“s why studies have found this kind of deep reading makes us more empathetic , or as Nicholas Carr puts it in his essay, The Dreams of Readers, “more alert to the inner lives of others“. This is significant because recent scientific research has also found a dramatic fall in empathy am
32、ong teenagers in advanced western cultures. We can“t yet be sure why this is happening, but the best hypothesis is that it is the result of their immersion in the internet. So technology reveals that our brains are being changed by technology, and then offers a potential solutionthe book. Rationally
33、, we know that reading is the foundation stone of all education, and therefore an essential underpinning of the knowledge economy. So reading isor should bean aspect of public policy. But perhaps even more significant is its emotional role as the starting point for individual voyages of personal dev
34、elopment and pleasure. Books can open up emotional and imaginative landscapes that extend the corridors of the web. They can help create and reinforce our sense of self. If reading were to decline significantly, it would change the very nature of our species. If we, in the future, are no longer wire
35、d for solitary reflection and creative thought, we will be diminished. But as a reader and a publisher, I am optimistic. Technology throws up as many solutions as it does challenges: for every door it closes, another opens. So the ability, offered by devices like e-readers, smartphones and tablets,
36、to carry an entire library in your hand is an amazing opportunity. As publishers, we need to use every new piece of technology to embed long-form reading within our culture. We should concentrate on the message, not agonize over the medium.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the psychologists from Washington
37、 University, reading a book will _.（分数：2.00）A.create new mental experience that is totally different from real-life experienceB.make readers simulate what they have read in real lifeC.bring tangible changes to the readers“ brainD.enhance the thinking capability of readers(2).For a teenager who is no
38、t sensitive to others“ inner feelings, the author may suggest him to _.（分数：2.00）A.stay far away from modern technologyB.immerse himself in reading booksC.abandon his old way of viewing the worldD.listen more to the emotional chatter of the real world(3).In the author“s opinion, the most important fu
39、nction of reading is to _.（分数：2.00）A.lay solid foundation for all kinds of formal educationB.equip teenagers with basic skills to survive in knowledge economyC.enrich the emotional experiences of children“s inner worldD.provide a pastime for children in stressful competition(4).The author of this ar
40、ticle views technology as _.（分数：2.00）A.a replacement for booksB.the root of degradationC.a hotbed for innovationD.a double-edge sword(5).The author“s attitude toward the future of books is _.（分数：2.00）A.reasonably confidentB.blind optimisticC.overtly pessimisticD.largely indifferent六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：
41、10.00)Years ago, Charlie, a highly respected orthopedist and a mentor of mine, found a lump in his stomach. He had a surgeon explore the area, and the diagnosis was pancreatic cancer. He went home the next day, closed his practice, and never set foot in a hospital again. He focused on spending time
42、with family and feeling as good as possible. Several months later, he died at home. He got no chemotherapy , radiation , or surgical treatment. Medicare didnt spend much on him. It“s not a frequent topic of discussion, but doctors die, too. And they don“t die like the rest of us. What“s unusual abou
43、t them is not how much treatment they get compared to most Americans, but how little. Of course, doctors don“t want to die ; they want to live. But they know enough about modern medicine to know its limits. Almost all medical professionals have seen what we call “futile care“ being performed on peop
44、le. That“s when doctors bring the cutting edge of technology to bear on a grievously ill person near the end of life. The patient will get cut open, perforated with tubes, hooked up to machines, and assaulted with drugs. I cannot count the number of times fellow physicians have told me, in words tha
45、t vary only slightly, “Promise me if you find me like this that you“ ll kill me. “ How has it come to thisthat doctors administer so much care that they wouldn“t want for themselves? The simple, or not-so-simple, answer is this: patients, doctors, and the system. To see how patients play a role, ima
46、gine a scenario in which someone has lost consciousness and been admitted to an emergency room, and shocked and scared family members find themselves caught up in a maze of choices. When doctors ask if they want “everything“ done, they answer yes. Then the nightmare begins. Feeding into the problem
47、are unrealistic expectations of what doctors can accomplish. For example, many people think of CPR as a reliable lifesaver when, in fact, the results are usually poor. But of course it“s not just patients making these things happen. Doctors play an enabling role, too. The trouble is that even doctor
48、s who hate to administer futile care must find a way to address the wishes of patients and families. Imagine, once again, the emergency room with those grieving family members. They do not know the doctor. Establishing trust and confidence under such circumstances is a very delicate thing. People ar
49、e prepared to think the doctor is acting out of base motives, trying to save time, or money, or effort, especially if the doctor is advising against further treatment . It“s easy to find fault with both doctors and patients in such stories, but in many ways all the parties are simply victims of a larger system that encourages excessive treatment. In some unfortunate cases, doctors use the fee-for-service model to do everything they can, no matter how pointless, to make money. More commonly, though, doctors are fearful of litgation a
