1、考研英语(一)-62 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)At work, as in life, attractive women get a lot of good lucks. Studies have shown that they are more likely to be 1 than their plain-Jane colleagues because people tend to project 2 traits 3 them, such as a sensitive heart and
2、 a cool head, they may also be at an 4 in job interviews. But research suggests otherwise. Brad Hanks at Georgia State University looked at what happens when job hunters include photos with their resume, as is the 5 in much of Europe and Asia. The pair sent made-up applications to over 2, 500 real-l
3、ife 6 . For each job, they sent two very similar resume, one with a photo, one without. Subjects had previously been graded for their attractiveness. For men, the results were 7 expected. Hunks were more likely to be called for an interview if they included a photo. Ugly men were better off not incl
4、uding one. However, for women this was 8 . Attractive females were less likely to be offered an interview if they included a mugs hot. When applying directly to a company (rather than through an agency) an attractive woman would need to send out 11 CVs on average 9 getting an interview; an 10 qualif
5、ied plain one just seven. At first, Mr. Hanks considered 11 he calls the “dumb-blonde hypothesis“ that people 12 beautiful women to be stupid. 13 , the photos had also been rated on how 14 people thought each subject looked; there was no 15 between perceived intellect and beauty. So the cause of the
6、 discrimination must 16 elsewhere. Human resources departments tend to be 17 mostly by women. Indeed, in the Israeli study, 93% of those tasked with selecting whom to invite for an interview were female. The researchers“ unavoidableand unpalatableconclusion is that old-fashioned 18 led the women to
7、discriminate 19 pretty candidates. So should attractive women simply attach photos that make them look dowdy? No. Better, says Mr. Ruffle, to discourage the practice of including a photo altogether. Companies might even consider the 20 model used in the Belgian public sector, where CVs do not even i
8、nclude the candidate“s name.（分数：10.00）A.recruitedB.offendedC.promotedD.flatteredA.possibleB.peculiarC.perfectD.positiveA.withB.toC.inD.onA.advantageB.benefitC.favorD.edgeA.standardB.normC.criterionD.exampleA.placesB.sitesC.spacesD.vacanciesA.asB.belowC.beyondD.aboveA.diversifiedB.conversedC.reversed
9、D.reservedA.unlessB.beforeC.whileD.whenA.equallyB.fullyC.suitablyD.ideallyA.whatB.asC.whichD.thatA.assertB.defineC.judgeD.assumeA.ThereforeB.HoweverC.AdditionallyD.ConsequentlyA.intellectualB.intelligentC.intellectD.intelligibleA.conflictB.overlapC.correlationD.allianceA.locateB.relyC.layD.lieA.staf
10、fedB.occupiedC.populatedD.inhabitedA.admirationB.jealousyC.prejudiceD.stereotypeA.aboutB.againstC.withD.forA.analogousB.unanimousC.anonymousD.anecdotal二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A curious phenomenon occurs during every economic crisisthe rich wh
11、ine that they are the ones who are suffering most. In current context, the wealthy even demands more tax cuts and more cuts in spending for programs aiding the poor, as every Republican presidential candidate promises. I first noticed this woe -is-me attitude among the rich in 1974 when Alan Greensp
12、an had just been named chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers. One of his first tasks was to address a conference with emphasis on cutting programs to aid the poor, which brought demonstrators to the event. In an effort to show that everyone was suffering from inflation, Mr. Greenspan said, “I
13、f you really wanted to examine percentage-wise who was hurt the most on their income, it was Wall Street brokers. “ The urge to find ways to pity the well-off is still alive and well. Last week, Bloomberg News reported that declining bonuses are creating severe hardship for many in the top 1 percent
14、 of income distribution . One of them, Andrew Schiff, complained that his $ 350, 000 salary barely covers his expenses. Others lamented that they could no longer go to Aspen to ski and must buy discount salmon. I have to admit that everyone“s suffering is subjective. But there does seem to be a wide
15、spread view that the poor don“t suffer as much from economic downturns because they are used to being at the bottom . As Bob Dylan put it, “When you got nothing, you got nothing to lose. “ Those with expectations of staying on top, who have grown used to living the good life, no doubt do suffer mean
16、ingfully when those expectations are shattered and they must learn to get by on incomes only five or 10 times the poverty-level income rather than 20 or 30 times . Admittedly, there doesn“t yet seem to be much downside for Republican candidates pandering to the rich. For one thing, they all have bil
17、lionaires and other ultra rich people funding super political action committees for them. But one of these days, the Republican nominee will be chosen and will have to compete in the general election against President Obama. And it is unlikely that the Republican nominee can win with only conservati
18、ve Republican votes; he will have to reach out to those who don“t necessarily believe that cutting taxes for the rich is the one and only policy that will stimulate growth. As a Januarypoll from the Pew Research Center shows, two-thirds of Americans see strong conflict between the rich and the poor,
19、 up from 47 percent in 2009. And a number of polls show that Americans support higher tax rates on millionaires by a ratio of 2-to-1 or more. I think the Republican nominee is going to have a hard time responding if all he has to say is the rich need more tax cuts to compensate them for all their su
20、ffering during the economic crisis.（分数：10.00）(1).From the passage, we know that Allan Greenspan _.（分数：2.00）A.is a successful economic advisor that wins unparallel popularityB.identifies with the Republicans in tax cut for the rich and aid cut for the poorC.backs up the rich“s claim that they are har
21、dest hit in economic crisisD.sympathizes more with the have-nots than with the haves(2).The tone the author adopts in describing the sufferings of the rich in Paragraph 3 is _.（分数：2.00）A.painfulB.satiricalC.suspiciousD.sympathetic(3).In the author“s opinion, “when you get nothing, you get nothing to
22、 lose“ is _.（分数：2.00）A.a prevailing misconception about the poor“s condition in economic recessionB.a famous saying illustrative of the rich“s huge loss in economic recessionC.descriptive of the mainstream view that the poor should be given more aidD.indicative of the huge wealth gap between the ric
23、h and the poor in America(4).The phrase “pandering to“ in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to _. A. adjusting to B. opposing toC. catering to D. attaching to（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).It can be inferred from the last two paragraphs that _.（分数：2.00）A.there is ulterior political considerations behind Repub
24、lican“s proposal to cut tax for richB.the Republican will lose its edge over President Obama in next presidential electionC.the Republican bases their political proposals on deep insights into public opinion pollD.the poll shows that preferential policies for the rich deepen misunderstanding between
25、 classes五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Being good-looking is useful in so many ways. In addition to whatever personal pleasure it gives you, being attractive also helps you earn more money, f“amd a higher-earning spouse and get better deals on mortgages . Each of these facts has been demonstrated over the
26、past 20 years by many economists and other researchers, The effects are not small: one study showed that an American worker who was among the bottom one-seventh in looks, as assessed by randomly chosen observers, earned 10 to 15 percent less per year than a similar worker whose looks were assessed i
27、n the top one-third a lifetime difference, in a typical case, of about $ 230, 000. Most of us, regardless of our professed attitudes, prefer as customers to buy from better-looking salespeople, as jurors to listen to better-looking attorneys , as voters to be led by better-looking politicians, as st
28、udents to learn from better-looking professors. This is not a matter of evil employers“ refusing to hire the ugly: in our roles as workers, customers and potential lovers we are all responsible for these effects. How could we remedy this injustice? A radical solution may be needed: why not offer leg
29、al protections to the ugly, as we do with racial , ethnic and religious minorities, women and handicapped individuals? We actually already do offer such protections in a few places, including in some jurisdictions in California, and in the District of Columbia, where discriminatory treatment based o
30、n looks in hiring, promotions, housing and other areas is prohibited. The mechanics of legislating this kind of protection are not as difficult as you might think. Ugliness could be protected generally in the United States by small extensions of the Americans With Disabilities Act. Ugly people could
31、 be allowed to seek help from the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and other agencies in overcoming the effects of discrimination. You might argue that people can“t be classified by their looks that beauty is in the eye of the beholder . In one study, more than half of a group of people were
32、assessed identically by each of two observers using a five-point scale ; and very few assessments differed by more than one point. There are possible other objections. “Ugliness“ is not a personal trait that many people choose to embrace; those whom we classify as protected might not be willing to a
33、dmit that they are ugly. But with the chance of obtaining extra pay and promotions amounting to $ 230, 000 in lost lifetime earnings, there“s a large enough incentive to do so . Bringing antidiscrimination lawsuits is also costly, and few potential plaintiffs could afford to do so. But many attorney
34、s would be willing to organize classes of plaintiffs to overcome these costs, just as they now do in racial-discrimination and other lawsuits. Economic arguments for protecting the ugly are as strong as those for protecting some groups currently covered by legislation. So why not go ahead and expand
35、 protection to the looks-challenged? There“s one legitimate concern. With increasingly tight limits on government resources, expanding rights to yet another protected group would reduce protection for groups that have commanded our legislative and other attention for over 50 years. You might reasona
36、bly disagree and argue for protecting all deserving groups. Either way, you shouldn“t be surprised to see the United States heading toward this new legal frontier.（分数：10.00）(1).The main idea of the first paragraph is that _.（分数：2.00）A.looking has something to do with the economic prospect of a perso
37、nB.the discrimination against the bad-looking is prevalent in daily lifeC.the bad looking men earned 10-15 percent less than ordinary men per yearD.the shame of being ugly will go with a person through his life(2).According to Paragraph 2, who should be responsible for the discrimination against bad
38、 looking people in the workplace?（分数：2.00）A.The employerB.Public at largeC.The customersD.The policy-makers(3).In the author“s opinion, to legislate protection for the ugly is _.（分数：2.00）A.ideologically radicalB.fundamentally unnecessaryC.economically unrealisticD.legally feasible(4).The result of t
39、he study mentioned in Paragraph 4 demonstrates that _.（分数：2.00）A.people“s judgment on looking varies greatlyB.people“s judgment on looking is generally the sameC.beauty is in the eye of the beholderD.judgment on looking depends on your relationship with the person(5).One possible way to reduce discr
40、imination lawsuit cost is _.（分数：2.00）A.lower compensation claimB.apply for designated attorneyC.classify different prosecution criterionD.organize group lawsuit六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)By now, the 2012 Republican presidential contenders have all been tattooed by the opposition, branded as boring, dam
41、aged, or even insane . The entire GOP (共和党的别称) is “mad, “ as The New Republic recently put it, and the party“s White House hopefuls display what The New Yorker calls “ crackles of craziness. “ This kind of talk flows both ways, of course. But what if the big problem with Washingtonisn“t nuttiness so
42、 much as a lack of it? That“s one takeaway from A First-Rate Madness, a new book of psychiatric case studies by Nassir Ghaemi, director of the Mood Disorders Program at Tufts Medical Center. He argues that what sets apart the world“s great leaders isn“t some splendidly healthy mind but an exceptiona
43、lly broken one, coupled with the good luck to lead when extremity is needed. “Our greatest crisis leaders toil in sadness when society is happy, “ writes Ghaemi. “Yet when calamity occurs, if they are in a position to act, they can lift up the rest of us. “ If so, then what we need for these calamit
44、ous times is a calamitous mind, a madman in chief, someone whose abnormal brain can solve our abnormal problems. Perhaps the nicotione -free, no-drama Obama won“t do after all. The good doctor isn“t saying that all mental illness is a blessing. Only that the common diseases of the mindmania, depress
45、ion, and related quirksshouldn“t disqualify one from the upper stairs of public life, and for a simple reason: they are remarkably consistent predictors of brilliant success. Depression in all its forms (which Ghaemi finds in Abraham Lincoln and the mildly bipolar Churchill) brings suffering, which
46、makes one more clear-eyed, fit to recognize the world“s problems, and able to face them down like the noonday demon . Madness in all its forms ( which Ghaemi detects in FDR and JFK) brings resilience , which helps one learn from failure, often with enough creativity to make a new start. Most origina
47、lly, Ghaemi coins “the inverse law of sanity“ : the perils of well-being. It“s why the poor, sane Neville Chamberlain chummed around with Nazi leaders while Churchill“s “black dog“ foresaw a fight. In Ghaemi“s view, even our supposedly crazy leaders were too sane for their times, and the nation suff
48、ered. When Richard Nixon faced the Watergate crisis, “he handled it the way an average normal person would handle it: he lied, and he dug in, and he fought. “ Similarly, George W. Bush was “ middle of the road in his personality traits , “ which is why his response to the September 11 attacks was si
49、mplistic, unwavering , and, above all, “normal. “ So should we bring on the crazy in 2012? At the very least, we should rethink our definitions and stop assuming that normality is always good, and abnormality always bad. If Ghaemi is right, that is far too simplistic and stigmatizing, akin to excluding people by race or religiononly possibly worse because excellence can clearly spring from the unwell, and mediocrity from the healthy . The challenge is getting voters to think this way, too. It won“t do to have candidates shaking Prozac
