1、考研英语(一)-49 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Euthanasia has been a topic of controversy in Europe since at least 1936. On an average of six times a day, a doctor in Holland practices “active“ euthanasia: 1 administering a lethal drug to a 2 ill patient who has asked to b
2、e relieved 3 suffering. Twenty times a day, life prolonging treatment is withheld or withdrawn 4 there is no hope that it can 5 an ultimate cure. “Active“ euthanasia remains a crime on the Dutch statute books, punishable 6 12 years in prison. But a series of court cases over the past 15 years has ma
3、de it clear that a competent physician who 7 it out will not be prosecuted. Euthanasia, often called “mercy killing“, is a crime everywhere in Western Europe. 8 more and more doctors and nurses in Britain, Germany, Holland and elsewhere readily 9 to practicing it, most often in the “passive“ form of
4、 withholding or withdrawing 10 The long simmering euthanasia issue has lately 11 into a sometimes fierce public debate, 12 both sides claiming the mantle of ultimate righteousness. Those 13 to the practice see themselves 14 sacred principles of respect for life, 15 those in favor raise the banner of
5、 humane treatment. After years 16 the defensive, the advocates now seem to be 17 ground. Recent polls in Britain show that 72 percent of British 18 favor euthanasia in some circumstances. An astonishing 76 percent of 19 to a poll taken late last year in France said they would like the law changed to
6、 20 mercy killings. Obviously, pressure groups favoring euthanasia and “assisted suicide“ have grown steadily in Europe over the years.（分数：10.00）A.incidentallyB.intentionallyC.intermittentlyD.intenselyA.terminallyB.finallyC.eventuallyD.ultimatelyA.againstB.offC.ofD.out ofA.thoughB.whenC.thatD.sinceA
7、.effectB.affectC.resultD.executeA.forB.inC.toD.byA.worksB.savesC.carriesD.rescuesA.BecauseB.HenceC.AndD.ButA.admitB.allegeC.approveD.adoptA.cureB.treatmentC.operationD.remedyA.smoothed overB.boiled overC.broke downD.burst outA.due toB.atC.forD.withA.rejectedB.objectedC.respondedD.opposedA.abandoning
8、B.confirmingC.upholdingD.upgradingA.whileB.whenC.asD.orA.inB.forC.onD.againstA.supportingB.reinforcingC.maintainingD.gainingA.patientsB.subjectsC.residentsD.physiciansA.officialsB.citizensC.respondentsD.interviewersA.refuseB.evaluateC.decriminalizeD.counter二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A
9、(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Henry Kissinger may be the most successful, certainly the most flamboyant, Secretary of State to hold that office in modern times. When he was appointed in the late 1960“s, there were no American ties with Communist China, Vietnam and Berlin seemed ready to dra
10、w the United States into a third world war, and Russia was seen as “the enemy“. But all this has changed, and Henry Kissinger caused much of the change; in 1971, he made his first trip to China, a trip that was the beginning of the current ties between the United States and China. He brought the Uni
11、ted States and Russia closer together on major issues by the policy he called “detente“, literally meaning a relaxation. His philosophy was always to talk and to bring together. With these two policies, Kissinger did much to draw attention away from any possible Russia-American friction. In 1973 he
12、made his first visit to Egypt. Here he was able to begin U.S. relations with Egypt. He used his contact later to begin the sort of talks that the American press called “shuttle diplomacy“. For ninety-nine days, he “shuttled“ back and forth on flights between Cairo and Jerusalem to work out a step-by
13、-step withdrawal of Israeli troops from the Sinai desert. His wit, his careful approach to detail, and his presence made “shuttle diplomacy“ work. It was the only successful approach to Mid-east peace in the thirty years since the state of Israel was founded. Another major work was the Strategic Arm
14、s Limitation Talk. Though his term in office passed with the treaty unsigned, Kissinger left a draft of the treaty to which the Russians had already agreed. The SALT treaty spelled out a one-tenth reduction in nuclear arms, a major accomplishment by any standard, even if one does not consider all th
15、e other conditions and limitations included in the treaty. Even though he successfully helped bring an end to the Vietnam War, Kissinger“s final days in office were affected, as was the entire executive branch in one way or another, by the scandals of the Nixon White House. Kissinger“s critics point
16、 to his role in placing wiretaps on the phones of reporters and officials and to what they consider his “high-handed“ approach to setting foreign policy. But Kissinger, during the last few months of the Nixon presidency, limited the effects of American domestic problems on our foreign policy. He con
17、tinued talks in the Middle East. He continued close contact with the Soviet Union. History will decide in the final view, as Kissinger-and many presidents-often said, on the value of his service. Whatever they decide, whether his actions are finally to be considered wise or foolish, he had a persona
18、l vision that will he difficult to match.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the context, the word “flamboyant“ most likely means（分数：2.00）A.notoriousB.ambiguousC.showyD.arbitrary(2).It can be inferred from the last paragraph of the text that（分数：2.00）A.“shuttle diplomacy“ seriously affected the SALT treatyB.W
19、atergate scandals made Kissinger ineffectiveC.some of the things Kissinger initiated are still being worked outD.Kissinger is an outstanding politician but unable to cope with domestic affairs(3).The text does not directly say, but implies that Kissinger（分数：2.00）A.suffered a series of defeats while
20、being in officeB.significantly altered the direction of international relationshipsC.was unsuccessful in bringing about peace in the Middle EastD.played a more important role than the president during the Nixon administration(4).The main idea of the text is that（分数：2.00）A.Kissinger helped smooth ove
21、r many conflicts in the worldB.as the Secretary of State, Kissinger was very influential in American foreign policyC.a lot of international conflicts would not have been resolved without Kissinger“s effortD.Kissinger did much to end the cold war with the Communist World(5).The author“s tone in the t
22、ext may best be summarized as that of（分数：2.00）A.objectivityB.suspicionC.sympathyD.admiration五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Under pressure from animal welfare groups, two national science teachers associations have adopted guidelines that ban classroom experiments harming animals. The National Association o
23、f Biology Teachers and the National Science Teachers Association hope to end animal abuse in elementary and secondary schools and, in turn, discourage students from mishandling animals in home experiments and science fair projects. Animal welfare groups are apparently most concerned with high school
24、 students experimenting with animals in extracurricular projects. Barbara Orlans, President of the Scientists“ Center for Animal Welfare, said that students have been performing surgery at random, testing known poisonous substances, and running other pathology experiments on animals without even kno
25、wing normal physiology. At one science fair, a student cut off the leg and tail of a lizard to demonstrate that only the tail can regenerate, she said. In another case, a student bound sparrows, starved them and observed their behavior. “The amount of abuse has been quite horrifying,“ Orlans said. A
26、dministrators of major science fairs are short-tempered over the teachers“ policy change and the impression it has created. “The teachers were sold a bill of goods by Barbara Orlans,“ said Thurman Grafton, who heads the rules committee for the International Science and Engineering Fair. “Backyard ta
27、bletop surgery is just nonsense. The new policies throw cold water on students“ inquisitiveness,“ he said. Grafton said he wouldn“t deny that there hasn“t been animal abuse among projects at the international fair, but he added that judges reject contestants who have unnecessarily injured animals. T
28、he judges have a hard time monitoring local and regional fairs that may or may not choose to comply with the international fair“s rules that stress proper care of animals, Grafton said. He said that several years ago, the Westinghouse Science Talent Search banned harmful experiments to animals when
29、sponsors threatened to cancel their support after animal welfare groups lobbied for change. The teachers adopted the new policies also to fend off proposed legislation-in states including Missouri and New York that would restrict or prohibit experiments on animals. Officials of the two teachers orga
30、nizations say that they don“t know how many animals have been abused in the classroom. On the one hand, many biology teachers are not trained in the proper care of animals, said Wayne Moyer, executive director of the biology teachers“ association. On the other, the use of animals in experiments has
31、dropped in recent years because of school budget cuts. The association may set up seminars to teach better animal care to its members.（分数：10.00）(1).The title which best expresses the content of the text is（分数：2.00）A.Science Teachers to Ban Testing Harmful to AnimalsB.Teachers“ Policy Change in Exper
32、iment on AnimalsC.The New Policies of Banning Harmful Experiments to AnimalsD.The Importance of Prohibiting Harmful Experiments on Animals(2).According to the text, animal welfare groups have succeeded in（分数：2.00）A.stopping all animal abuse in schoolsB.establishing guidelines that ban classroom expe
33、riments harming animalsC.protecting animals from being experimented with in extracurricular projectsD.persuading two national science teachers associations to adopt an animal protection policy(3).Thurman Grafton suggests that（分数：2.00）A.animal abuse is horrible and should be terminatedB.the teachers
34、have been compelled to do all animal experimentsC.prohibition of experiments on animals will discourage students from being curiousD.the international science and Engineering Fair will cease to operate because of the new policies(4).It can be learned from the text that the teachers ban harmful exper
35、iments to animals in order to（分数：2.00）A.maintain ecological balanceB.please animal welfare groupsC.get financial support from their sponsorsD.protect necessary harmless experiments on animals(5).It is suggested toward the end of the text that（分数：2.00）A.the seriousness of animal abuse in the classroo
36、m is unknownB.training teachers in animal care may contribute to reducing animal abuseC.fewer animals have been used in experiments in recent yearsD.many biology teachers are not trained in proper care of animal六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)After World War the glorification of an ever-larger GNP formed th
37、e basis of a new materialism, which became a sacred obligation for all Japanese governments, businesses and trade unions. Anyone who mentioned the undesirable by-products of rapid economic growth was treated as a heretic. Consequently, everything possible was done to make conditions easy for the man
38、ufacturers. Few dared question the wisdom of discharging untreated waste into the nearest water body or untreated smoke into the atmosphere. This silence was maintained by union leaders as well as by most of the country“s radicals; except for a few isolated voices, no one protested. An insistence on
39、 treatment of the various effluents would have necessitated expenditures on treatment equipment that in turn would have given rise to higher operating costs. Obviously, this would have meant higher prices for Japanese goods, and ultimately fewer sales and lower industrial growth and GNP. The pursuit
40、 of nothing but economic growth is illustrated by the response of the Japanese government to the American educational mission that visited Japan in 1947. After surveying Japan“s educational program, the Americans suggested that the Japanese fill in their curriculum gap by creating departments in che
41、mical and sanitary engineering. Immediately, chemical engineering departments were established in all the country“s universities and technical institutions. In contrast, the recommendation to form sanitary engineering departments was more or less ignored, because they could bring no profit. By 1960,
42、 only two second-rate universities, Kyoto and Hokkaido, were interested enough to open such departments. The reluctance to divert funds from production to conservation is explanation enough for a certain degree of pollution, but the situation was made worse by the type of technology the Japanese cho
43、se to adopt for their industrial expansion. For the most part, they simply copied American industrial methods. This meant that methods originally designed for use in a country that stretched from the Atlantic to the Pacific with lots of air and water to use as sewage receptacles were adopted for an
44、area a fraction of the size. Moreover, the Japanese diet was much more dependent on water as a source of fish and as an input in the irrigation of rice; consequently discharged wastes built up much more rapidly in the food chain.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the text, no measures were resorted to in en
45、vironmental protection after World War in Japan because（分数：2.00）A.they were reckoned to be unnecessaryB.they would check economic developmentC.no one was much interested in themD.pollution was held as inevitable at that time(2).According to the context, the word “effluents“ in Para. 1 is closest in
46、meaning to（分数：2.00）A.by-effectsB.drainageC.solid wastesD.risks(3).It can be learned from the text that soon after the Second World War（分数：2.00）A.hardly anyone suspected that it was unwise to contaminate the water and airB.people unanimously found it acceptable to damp industrial wastes into the seaC
47、.the government tried to deal with the pollution problem but in vainD.nobody attached great significance to the remedy for public hazards(4).According to the logical clue of the text, the second paragraph is an example to show that（分数：2.00）A.Japan was markedly influenced by the UB.education in Japan
48、 was not so developed as that in the UC.Japanese educational institutions were much the same as those in the UD.the Japanese government concerned itself only about the economic gain(5).Which of the following is not a reason for the rapidity and intensity of pollution in Japan?（分数：2.00）A.The Japanese
49、 were generally modeled on the American pattern of industrial developmentB.Japan was unwilling to allocate funds for the solution to environmental problemsC.No sanitary engineering departments were set up in higher institutions in JapanD.Japan placed too much emphasis on economic growth and neglected environment七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The world is undergoing tremendous changes. The rise of globalization, both an economic and cultural trend that has swept throughout the world, has forged new ground as we enter the 21st century. But are the effects of globalization always positive? S
