1、考研英语(一)-27 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)At work, as in life, attractive women get a lot of good lucks. Studies have shown that they are more likely to be (1) than their plain-Jane colleagues because people tend to project (2) traits (3) them, such as a sensitive
2、heart and a cool head, they may also be at an (4) in job interviews. But research suggests otherwise.Brad Hanks at Georgia State University looked at what happens when job hunters include photos with their resume, as is the (5) in much of Europe and Asia. The pair sent made-up applications to over 2
3、, 500 real-life (6) . For each job, they sent two very similar resume, one with a photo, one without. Subjects had previously been graded for their attractiveness.For men, the results were (7) expected. Hunks were more likely to be called for an interview if they included a photo. Ugly men were bett
4、er off not including one. However, for women this was (8) . Attractive females were less likely to be offered an interview if they included a mugs hot. When applying directly to a company (rather than through an agency) an attractive woman would need to send out 11 CVs on average (9) getting an inte
5、rview; an (10) qualified plain one just seven.At first, Mr. Hanks considered (11) he calls the “dumb-blonde hypothesis“ that people (12) beautiful women to be stupid. (13) , the photos had also been rated on how (14) people thought each subject looked; there was no (15) between perceived intellect a
6、nd beauty.So the cause of the discrimination must (16) elsewhere. Human resources departments tend to be (17) mostly by women. Indeed, in the Israeli study, 93% of those tasked with selecting whom to invite for an interview were female. The researchers unavoidableand unpalatableconclusion is that ol
7、d-fashioned (18) led the women to discriminate (19) pretty candidates.So should attractive women simply attach photos that make them look dowdy? No. Better, says Mr. Ruffle, to discourage the practice of including a photo altogether. Companies might even consider the (20) model used in the Belgian p
8、ublic sector, where CVs do not even include the candidates name.（分数：10.00）(1).A. recruited B. offended C. promoted D. flattered（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. possible B. peculiar C. perfect D. positive（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. with B. to C. in D. on（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. advantage B. benefit C. favor D. edg
9、e（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. standard B. norm C. criterion D. example（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. places B. sites C. spaces D. vacancies（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. as B. below C. beyond D. above（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. diversified B. conversed C. reversed D. reserved（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. unless B. before C. whi
10、le D. when（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. equally B. fully C. suitably D. ideally（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. what B. as C. which D. that（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. assert B. define C. judge D. assume（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. Therefore B. However C. Additionally D. Consequently（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. intellectual
11、 B. intelligent C. intellect D. intelligible（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. conflict B. overlap C. correlation D. alliance（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. locate B. rely C. lay D. lie（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. staffed B. occupied C. populated D. inhabited（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. admiration B. jealousy C. prejudice D
12、. stereotype（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. about B. against C. with D. for（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. analogous B. unanimous C. anonymous D. anecdotal（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A curious phenomenon occurs during every economic crisisthe
13、rich whine that they are the ones who are suffering most. In current context, the wealthy even demands more tax cuts and more cuts in spending for programs aiding the poor, as every Republican presidential candidate promises.I first noticed this woe-is-me attitude among the rich in 1974 when Alan Gr
14、eenspan had just been named chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers. One of his first tasks was to address a conference with emphasis on cutting programs to aid the poor, which brought demonstrators to the event. In an effort to show that everyone was suffering from inflation, Mr. Greenspan sai
15、d, “If you really wanted to examine percentage-wise who was hurt the most on their income, it was Wall Street brokers. “The urge to find ways to pity the well-off is still alive and well. Last week, Bloomberg News reported that declining bonuses are creating severe hardship for many in the top 1 per
16、cent of income distribution. One of them, Andrew Schiff, complained that his $ 350, 000 salary barely covers his expenses. Others lamented that they could no longer go to Aspen to ski and must buy discount salmon.I have to admit that everyones suffering is subjective. But there does seem to be a wid
17、espread view that the poor dont suffer as much from economic downturns because they are used to being at the bottom. As Bob Dylan put it, “When you got nothing, you got nothing to lose. “ Those with expectations of staying on top, who have grown used to living the good life, no doubt do suffer meani
18、ngfully when those expectations are shattered and they must learn to get by on incomes only five or 10 times the poverty-level income rather than 20 or 30 times.Admittedly, there doesnt yet seem to be much downside for Republican candidates pandering to the rich. For one thing, they all have billion
19、aires and other ultra rich people funding super political action committees for them. But one of these days, the Republican nominee will be chosen and will have to compete in the general election against President Obama. And it is unlikely that the Republican nominee can win with only conservative R
20、epublican votes; he will have to reach out to those who dont necessarily believe that cutting taxes for the rich is the one and only policy that will stimulate growth.As a Januarypoll from the Pew Research Center shows, two-thirds of Americans see strong conflict between the rich and the poor, up fr
21、om 47 percent in 2009. And a number of polls show that Americans support higher tax rates on millionaires by a ratio of 2-to-1 or more. I think the Republican nominee is going to have a hard time responding if all he has to say is the rich need more tax cuts to compensate them for all their sufferin
22、g during the economic crisis.（分数：10.00）(1).From the passage, we know that Allan Greenspan _.A. is a successful economic advisor that wins unparallel popularityB. identifies with the Republicans in tax cut for the rich and aid cut for the poorC. backs up the richs claim that they are hardest hit in e
23、conomic crisisD. sympathizes more with the have-nots than with the haves（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The tone the author adopts in describing the sufferings of the rich in Paragraph 3 is _.A. painful B. satirical C. suspicious D. sympathetic（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).In the authors opinion, “when you get nothing,
24、 you get nothing to lose“ is _.A. a prevailing misconception about the poors condition in economic recessionB. a famous saying illustrative of the richs huge loss in economic recessionC. descriptive of the mainstream view that the poor should be given more aidD. indicative of the huge wealth gap bet
25、ween the rich and the poor in America（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The phrase “pandering to“ in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to _.A. adjusting to B. opposing toC. catering to D. attaching to（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).It can be inferred from the last two paragraphs that _.A. there is ulterior political conside
26、rations behind Republicans proposal to cut tax for richB. the Republican will lose its edge over President Obama in next presidential electionC. the Republican bases their political proposals on deep insights into public opinion pollD. the poll shows that preferential policies for the rich deepen mi
27、sunderstanding between classes（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Being good-looking is useful in so many ways. In addition to whatever personal pleasure it gives you, being attractive also helps you earn more money, famd a higher-earning spouse and get better deals on mortgages. Each of these
28、facts has been demonstrated over the past 20 years by many economists and other researchers, The effects are not small: one study showed that an American worker who was among the bottom one-seventh in looks, as assessed by randomly chosen observers, earned 10 to 15 percent less per year than a simil
29、ar worker whose looks were assessed in the top one-third a lifetime difference, in a typical case, of about $ 230, 000.Most of us, regardless of our professed attitudes, prefer as customers to buy from better-looking salespeople, as jurors to listen to better-looking attorneys, as voters to be led b
30、y better-looking politicians, as students to learn from better-looking professors. This is not a matter of evil employers refusing to hire the ugly: in our roles as workers, customers and potential lovers we are all responsible for these effects.How could we remedy this injustice? A radical solution
31、 may be needed: why not offer legal protections to the ugly, as we do with racial, ethnic and religious minorities, women and handicapped individuals? We actually already do offer such protections in a few places, including in some jurisdictions in California, and in the District of Columbia, where
32、discriminatory treatment based on looks in hiring, promotions, housing and other areas is prohibited. The mechanics of legislating this kind of protection are not as difficult as you might think. Ugliness could be protected generally in the United States by small extensions of the Americans With Dis
33、abilities Act. Ugly people could be allowed to seek help from the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and other agencies in overcoming the effects of discrimination.You might argue that people cant be classified by their looks that beauty is in the eye of the beholder. In one study, more than ha
34、lf of a group of people were assessed identically by each of two observers using a five-point scale ; and very few assessments differed by more than one point.There are possible other objections. “Ugliness“ is not a personal trait that many people choose to embrace; those whom we classify as protect
35、ed might not be willing to admit that they are ugly. But with the chance of obtaining extra pay and promotions amounting to $ 230, 000 in lost lifetime earnings, theres a large enough incentive to do so. Bringing antidiscrimination lawsuits is also costly, and few potential plaintiffs could afford t
36、o do so. But many attorneys would be willing to organize classes of plaintiffs to overcome these costs, just as they now do in racial-discrimination and other lawsuits.Economic arguments for protecting the ugly are as strong as those for protecting some groups currently covered by legislation. So wh
37、y not go ahead and expand protection to the looks-challenged? Theres one legitimate concern. With increasingly tight limits on government resources, expanding rights to yet another protected group would reduce protection for groups that have commanded our legislative and other attention for over 50
38、years. You might reasonably disagree and argue for protecting all deserving groups. Either way, you shouldnt be surprised to see the United States heading toward this new legal frontier.（分数：10.00）(1).The main idea of the first paragraph is that _.A. looking has something to do with the economic pros
39、pect of a personB. the discrimination against the bad-looking is prevalent in daily lifeC. the bad looking men earned 10-15 percent less than ordinary men per yearD. the shame of being ugly will go with a person through his life（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to Paragraph 2, who should be responsible
40、 for the discrimination against bad looking people in the workplace?A. The employer. B. Public at large.C. The customers. D. The policy-makers.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).In the authors opinion, to legislate protection for the ugly is _.A. ideologically radicalB. fundamentally unnecessaryC. economically un
41、realisticD. legally feasible（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The result of the study mentioned in Paragraph 4 demonstrates that _.A. peoples judgment on looking varies greatlyB. peoples judgment on looking is generally the sameC. beauty is in the eye of the beholderD. judgment on looking depends on your relatio
42、nship with the person（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).One possible way to reduce discrimination lawsuit cost is _.A. lower compensation claimB. apply for designated attorneyC. classify different prosecution criterionD. organize group lawsuit（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)By now, the 2012 Republican pr
43、esidential contenders have all been tattooed by the opposition, branded as boring, damaged, or even insane. The entire GOP (共和党的别称) is “mad, “ as The New Republic recently put it, and the partys White House hopefuls display what The New Yorker calls “crackles of craziness. “ This kind of talk flows
44、both ways, of course. But what if the big problem with Washingtonisnt nuttiness so much as a lack of it?Thats one takeaway from A First-Rate Madness, a new book of psychiatric case studies by Nassir Ghaemi, director of the Mood Disorders Program at Tufts Medical Center. He argues that what sets apar
45、t the worlds great leaders isnt some splendidly healthy mind but an exceptionally broken one, coupled with the good luck to lead when extremity is needed. “Our greatest crisis leaders toil in sadness when society is happy, “ writes Ghaemi. “Yet when calamity occurs, if they are in a position to act,
46、 they can lift up the rest of us. “If so, then what we need for these calamitous times is a calamitous mind, a madman in chief, someone whose abnormal brain can solve our abnormal problems. Perhaps the nicotione-free, no-drama Obama wont do after all. The good doctor isnt saying that all mental illn
47、ess is a blessing. Only that the common diseases of the mindmania, depression, and related quirksshouldnt disqualify one from the upper stairs of public life, and for a simple reason: they are remarkably consistent predictors of brilliant success.Depression in all its forms (which Ghaemi finds in Ab
48、raham Lincoln and the mildly bipolar Churchill) brings suffering, which makes one more clear-eyed, fit to recognize the worlds problems, and able to face them down like the noonday demon. Madness in all its forms ( which Ghaemi detects in FDR and JFK) brings resilience, which helps one learn from fa
49、ilure, often with enough creativity to make a new start. Most originally, Ghaemi coins “the inverse law of sanity“ : the perils of well-being. Its why the poor, sane Neville Chamberlain chummed around with Nazi leaders while Churchills “black dog“ foresaw a fight.In Ghaemis view, even our supposedly crazy leaders were too sane for their times, and the nation suffered. When Richard Nixon faced the Watergate crisis, “he handled it the way an average normal person would handle it: he lied, and he dug in, an
