1、考研英语(一)-26 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)With the increasing pace of economic globalization and competition among various countries in the market, information, technology, professionals, capital and other types of economic resources is becoming increasingly eviden
2、t. International (1) is becoming progressively (2) . Previously (3) competition among enterprises in different countries is growing gradually into competition among governments that finds expression in a concentrated form. Previous (4) contention for enterprises interests in the world market now evi
3、dences itself in the contention for (5) interests. In this new situation, to (6) national interests and to enable a country to be constantly in a favorable position in the international market, the most important thing is to have a highly (7) government that (8) the full trust of citizens.The basic
4、objective of the study of the “government administration“ is to (9) the competitive edge of a government in the international market, to (10) the efficiency and quality of government administrative behaviors, and to enhance the skills and the efficiency of government policy operations. The evident (
5、11) between government administration and enterprise management lies in the fact (12) the former is a macro-activity and represents the overall national interests. Considering this from the (13) of the theory of behavioral efficiency function, the degree of the efficiency and quality of government a
6、dministrative behaviors and the standard of the skills and the efficiency of government policy operations have a direct (14) on the amount of national interests and the degree of security and happiness of its people. Thus, to (15) the level of overall national interests requires a highly efficient e
7、nterprise management and a high-quality enterprise group with significant core competitiveness. More importantly, it requires highly efficient government administration and the governments international competitiveness to have a (16) advantage. For China, a country that is still in the (17) of “shif
8、t in the mode of growth“ and “transformation in the system“, the fundamental (18) to turn this objective into a (19) is to make innovations in government administration.So, against the (20) backgrounds of economic globalization and the domestic economic transformation, how should we make innovations
9、 in government administration? I think many things can be done in this regard. Yet the most important thing is to effect the change of the concept, functions, forms and the institution of government administration.（分数：10.00）(1).A. information B. identification C. competition D. imagination（分数：0.50）A
10、.B.C.D.(2).A. fiercer B. easier C. crueller D. cruder（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. concentrated B. scattered C. complicated D. concerned（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. unique B. universal C. united D. unitary（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. national B. international C. internal D. external（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. generaliz
11、e B. maximize C. mobilize D. moralize（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. sufficient B. deficient C. efficient D. inefficient（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. pants B. curves C. dazzles D. enjoys（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. array B. contrive C. corrode D. enhance（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. impress B. prove C. improve D. preach（分数
12、：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. difference B. indifference C. fluence D. influence（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. which B. that C. what D. who（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. cradle B. angle C. eagle D. stable（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. hearing B. sharing C. bearing D. caring（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. uplift B. maintain C. draw
13、D. reach（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. manageable B. liable C. movable D. notable（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. phase B. phrase C. pulse D. impulse（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. impurity B. approach C. obstacle D. shriek（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. locality B. publicity C. reality D. dynasty（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. durab
14、le B. due C. dull D. dual（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The relentless march of technology into everyday life has always given rise to debate about whether it is a good or a bad thing. Some believe that the Internet and computer sof
15、tware are making humans more stupid or shallow. But others argue that computer programs in the form of video games can make people smarter or improve specific skills, such as spatial awareness.Shawn Green and Alexandre Pouget, from the University of Rochester, in New York state, set out to find an a
16、nswer. Their study, reported in Current Biology, involved a number of experiments. In one, the participants had to watch 12 dots moving randomly on a screen and quickly assess their aggregate direction of movement. Another test asked participants to work out the direction of specific sounds embedded
17、 within stereo white noise. In both tests the video-garners did better. However, the scientists were aware that gamers could have been born with improved abilities to perform such tasks, which were possibly what attracted them to gaming in the first place. Consequently, a third test was necessary to
18、 see if these abilities could have been learnt.The non-gaming volunteers were put through 50 hours of video-game training. For some this involved playing fast-action shoot-em-up games such as “Call of Duty 2“ and “Unreal Tournament“, but others were given a slow-moving life-strategy game, “ The Sims
19、 2“. The researchers found that those trained with action games raised their performance to the level of the experienced garners. Moreover, they were more efficient in their use of visual or auditory evidence than those playing with the Sims.The researchers conclude that fast action video-games play
20、ers develop an enhanced sensitivity to what is going on around them and that this may help with activities such as multitasking, driving, reading small print, navigation and keeping track of friends or children in a crowd. The precise neural mechanism for this effect, however, is still unknown.What
21、is known is that people make decisions based on probabilities that are constantly being calculated and refined in their headssomething called “probabilistic inference“. The brain collects small pieces of information, eventually gathering enough to make an accurate decision. When driving a car, for e
22、xample, many probabilities will be collated to make decisions such as whether or not to brake. The more efficient someone is at collecting visual and auditory information, the faster he can reach the threshold needed to make a decision.Shawn Green, Alexandre Pouget suggest that reaction times in the
23、 population will probably improve with the rise of fast-action video-games. There are a lot of players : last year a report estimated that 67% of American households contained at least one video-gamer. And if video-gamers are really better equipped to make quick decisions, they might also turn out t
24、o be better drivers and end up in fewer accidents. However, the notion that gamers acquire some minor physical skills may not pacify concerned parents. What, after all, of the skills they are not acquiring when shooting virtual cops instead of reading or talking?（分数：10.00）(1).The problem of first tw
25、o experiments lies in that _.A. they are too simple to support researchers assumptionB. they do lead to unambiguous conclusionC. they focus on irrelevant skills of participantsD. they do not seperate video-garners from non-gamers（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The conclusion drawn by researchers is that _.A. t
26、he skills of playing video games can be perfected by practiceB. playing video games make people smarterC. those who play action video games are more efficient in collecting sensory information around themD. video-gamers performance in fulfilling specific tasks is better than non-gamers（分数：2.00）A.B.C
27、.D.(3).According to Paragraph 5, people make decisions based on _.A. visual and auditory information in the surroundingsB. meaningful processing of relevant informationC. rapid calculating of the possibility of an eventD. quickly reaching the threshold of decision-making（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).It is su
28、ggested in the last paragragh that viedo-gamers parents will _ Shawn Green and Alexandre Pougets findings.A. sniff atB. applaud atC. take a relief withD. give a cold shoulder to（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).It can be inferred from the text that _.A. the improvement of average reaction time of American is owe
29、ing to fast-action video game playingB. accute perception of surrounding information is essential to human beings survival in this societyC. more and more Americans will be advocated to play fast-action video games because it can help to reduce accidents on roadsD. not all video games will lead to b
30、etter perceptual skills（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The average American drinks a gallon of soda a week, which delivers roughly 1, 000 calories and no nutrition. The average American is also overweight or obese. Could changing one of those things help change the other?A growing number of
31、 officials think so, which accounts for a spate of proposed new taxes on soda as a way to discourage consumption while at the same time raising money to fund other obesity-fighting initiatives. Some 20 states and cities, from New Mexico to Baltimore, contemplated soda taxes this spring.The reaction
32、against them has been swift and fierce. In March, scores of soda-company employees sporting Pepsi, Coke and 7-Up gear swarmed the Kansas state senate to fight a proposal that would have added a penny in tax for each teaspoon of sugar in a nonjuice drink. That would have increased the price of a 12-o
33、z. soda by about 10 （分数：10.00）(1).The officials proposed new taxes on soda for all these purposes Except _.A. reducing citizens calorie intakeB. increasing government revenueC. bridging the gap between the rich and the poorD. raising money for public-health programs（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which proverb
34、 can best illustrate the attempt of senator John Vratil?A. Kill the goose that laid the golden egg.B. You cannot eat your cake and have it.C. Beating the grass and startling the snake.D. Killing two birds with one stone.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to Paragraph 4, scientists chose soda for taxatio
35、n because _.A. they find no correlation between other food and obesityB. soda tax is much easier to implement than other food taxC. too much soda has been consumed in the past three decadesD. the correlation between soda and obesity is most distinct（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Soda tax will lead to decrease
36、 in _.A. soda drinkingB. calorie in-takeC. children obesity rateD. employment rate（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the poll in the last paragraph, citizens attitude toward soda tax is _.A. dividedB. uncertainC. positiveD. contradictory（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)This fall the Pew Resea
37、rch Center, in association with TIME, conducted a nationwide poll exploring the contours of modern marriage and the new American family. And of all the transformations our family structures have undergone in the past 50 years, perhaps the most profound is the marriage differential that has opened be
38、tween the rich and the poor. In 1960 the median household income of married adults was 12% higher than that of single adults, after adjusting for household size. By 2008 this gap had grown to 41%. In other words, the richer and more educated you are, the more likely you are to marry, or to be marrie
39、d or, conversely, if youre married, youre more likely to be well off.To begin the question of why the wealth disparity between the married and the unmarried has grown so much, it might be useful to take a look at the brief but illustrative marriage of golfer Greg Norman and tennis star Chris Evert,
40、who married in June 2008 and divorced 15 months later. From all reports, their union had many of the classic hallmarks of modern partnerships. The bride and groom had roughly equal success in their careers. Being wealthy, sporty and blond, they had similar interests.This is typical of the way many m
41、arriages start. Americans are increasingly marrying people who are on the same socioeconomic and educational level. Since more women than men have graduated from college for several decades, its more likely than it used to be that a male college graduate will meet, fall in love with, wed and share t
42、he salary of a woman with a degree. Womens advances in education have roughly paralleled the growth of the knowledge economy, so the slice of the family bacon she brings home will be substantial.On the face of it, this might explain why fewer people are married. They want to finish college first. In
43、 2010 the median age of men getting hitched for the first time is 28.2, and for women its 26.1. Its gone up about a year every decade since the 60s.But heres the rub. In the past two decades, people with only a high school education started to get married even later than college graduates. In 1990 m
44、ore high-school-educated couples than college graduates had made it to the altar by age 30. By 2007 it was the other way around. What has brought about the switch? Its not any disparity in desire. According to the Pew survey, 46% of college graduates want to get married, and 44% of the less educated
45、 do.Promising publicly to be someones partner for life used to be something people did to lay the foundation of their independent life. It was the declaration of adulthood. Now its more of a finishing touch, the last brick in the edifice, sociologists believe. Marriage is the capstone for both the c
46、ollege-educated and the less well educated, “ says Johns Hopkins Cherlin. “The college-educated wait until theyre finished with their education and their careers are launched. The less educated wait until they feel comfortable financially. “ But that comfort keeps getting more elusive. “The loss of
47、decent-paying jobs that a high-school-educated man or woman could get makes it difficult for them to get and stay married, “ says Cherlin. As the knowledge economy has overtaken the manufacturing economy, couples in which both partners job opportunities are disappearing are doubly disadvantaged. So
48、they wait to get married.（分数：10.00）(1).The marriage between Greg Norman and Chris Evert is used to illustrate _.A. the rise of women in socioeconomic statusB. the typical features of modern marriageC. the example of happy marriageD. the fragility of modern marriage（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the f
49、ollowing phrases is NOT the synonym of “get married“ ?A. Get hitched.B. Go to the altar.C. Touch the finishing line.D. Get united.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The less-educated tend to marry later than the well-educated due to the changes of _.A. economic structureB. social structureC. political structureD. educational structure（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following may be agreed both by the well-educated and less-educated nowadays?A. One should not get married until he is fully prepared, economically or psycholo
