1、考研英语(一)-25 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Millennials were (1) to be the next golden ticket for retailers. A 70 million consumers (2) between the ages of 18 and 34, this was the first generation of Americans to grow up with cell phones and the Web. Marketers could
2、(3) them in numerous waystweets, Facebook pagesthat were (4) when their boomer parents started out. “ Marketers thought, Here come the Millennials, were going to have an awesome time selling to them, “ says Max Lenderman, a director at ad agency Crispin Porter it makes them confident about their ide
3、ntity. Children ought to be allowed to mature slowly and naturally. As adults we can choose to expand and change our gender identities. “Last fall, nearly 200 teachers gathered in Stockholm to discuss how to avoid “traditional gender patterns“ in schools. The conference was part of a research projec
4、t run by the National Agency for Education and supported by the Delegation for Equality in Schools. “I work with these issues in Finland and Norway and it is clear to me that they have been inspired by the Swedish preschool and school curricula, “ says Ms. Henkel, the gender expert. But Henkel also
5、insists that gender equality is a rights issue that cannot simply be left to the state to handle. Instead, she says, it requires the active involvement of citizens. “Rights are not something we receive and then dont have to fight for. This is about a redistribution of power, and for that initiative
6、and action are needed, not just fancy legislation. /（分数：10.00）(1).The problem that bothers Swedes most nowadays is _.A. the controversy about gender pedagogy in schoolB. the attempt to experiment gender neutrality in schoolC. the slow progress of gender equality in schoolD. the stubbornly serious ge
7、nder stereotype in school（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following statements about Paragraph 1 is true?A. The credit for the narrow gender gap in Sweden goes to the success of gender pedagogy.B. Gender pedagogy mainly focuses on avoiding the hidden discrimination against women in childrens learni
8、ng material.C. Gender neutrality can be interpreted as an initiative to avoid teaching children in a gender stereotypical manner.D. Sweden has made great efforts to counter gender stereotypes in schools,（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).In paragraph 3, Elise Claeson mainly refutes the idea that _.A. school shoul
9、d incorporate the concept of gender neutrality into daily classesB. writers should use gender-neutral pronouns rather than gender denoting pronounsC. gender pedagogy and gender neutrality are supported by the wide public in SwedenD. only under the leadership of elites can the gender equality campaig
10、n achieve success（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to Elise Claeson, gender identity _.A. is crucial for childrens developmentB. ties children to stereotypical expectationsC. may confuse childrens understanding about themselvesD. should be confirmed at early age and fixed throughout life（分数：2.00）A.B.C.
11、D.(5).It seems that Ms. Henkel _ the gender equality situation in Sweden.A. basically approves ofB. is strongly dissatisfied withC. is deeply concerned withD. is blindly optimistic about（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.八、Part B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Even if we could make it impossible for people to commit crimes, should w
12、e? Or would doing so improperly deprive people of their freedom?This may sound like a fanciful concern, but it is an increasingly real one. The new federal transportation bill, for example, authorized funding for a program that seeks to prevent the crime of drunken driving not by raising public cons
13、ciousness or issuing stiffer punishments but by making the crime practically impossible to commit. (41)_The Dadss program is part of a trend toward what I call the “perfect prevention“ of crime: depriving people of the choice to commit an offense in the first place. The federal governments Intellige
14、nt Transportation Systems program, which is creating technology to share data among vehicles and road infrastructure like traffic lights, could make it impossible for a driver to speed or run a red light. (42)_Such technologies force us to reconcile two important interests. On one hand is societys d
15、esire for safety and security. On the other hand is the individuals right to act freely. Conventional crime prevention balances these interests by allowing individuals the freedom to commit crime, but punishing them if they do.The perfect prevention of crime asks us to consider exactly how far indiv
16、idual freedom extends. Does freedom include a “right“ to drive drunk, for instance? It is hard to imagine that it does. (43)_For most familiar crimes (murder, robbery, rape, arson), the law requires that the actor have some guilty state of mind, whether it is intent, recklessness or negligence.(44)_
17、In such cases, using technology to prevent the crime entirely would not unduly burden individual freedom ; it would simply be effective enforcement of the statute. Because there is no mental state required to be guilty of the offense, the government could require, for instance, that drug manufacture
18、rs apply a special tamper-proof coating to all pills, thus making the sale of tainted drugs practically impossible, without intruding on the thoughts of any future seller.But because the government must not intrude on peoples thoughts, perfect prevention is a bad fit for most offenses. (45)_ Even if
19、 this could be known, perhaps with the help of some sort of neurological scan, collecting such knowledge would violate an individuals freedom of thought.Perfect prevention is a politically attractive approach to crime prevention, and for strict liability crimes it is permissible and may be good poli
20、cy if implemented properly. But for most offenses, the threat to individual freedom is too great to justify this approach. This is not because people have a right to commit crimes; they do not. Rather, perfect prevention threatens our right to be free in our thoughts, even when those thoughts turn t
21、o crime.A But there is a category of crimes that are forbidden regardless of the actors state of mind: so-called strict-liability offenses. One example is the sale of tainted drugs. Another is drunken driving.B The Dadss program, despite its effectiveness in preventing drunk driving, is criticized a
22、s a violation of human rights because it monitors drivers behavior and controls individuals free will.C And the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998 has already criminalized the development of technologies that can be used to avoid copyright restrictions, making it effectively impossible for mos
23、t people to illegally share certain copyrighted materials, including video games.D If the actor doesnt have the guilty state of mind, and he commits crime involuntarily, in this case, the actor will be convicted as innocent.E Perfect prevention of a crime like murder would require the ability to kno
24、w what a person was thinking in order to determine whether he possessed the relevant culpable mental state.F The program, the Driver Alcohol Detection System for Safety (Dadss), is developing in vehicle technology that automatically checks a drivers blood-alcohol level and, if that level is above th
25、e legal limit, prevents the car from starting.G But what if the government were to add a drug to the water supply that suppressed antisocial urges and thereby reduced the murder rate? This would seem like an obvious violation of our freedom. We need a clear method of distinguishing such cases.（分数：10
26、.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_九、Part C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Annual check-ups and company “wellness programmes“ have become a familiar part of the corporate landscape. (46) Companies are now also starting to touch on a potentially troubling area: their employees mental health. Companies as diverse
27、 as BT, Rolls Royce and Grant Thornton have introduced mental health programmes ranging from training managers to spot problems to rehabilitating those suffering breakdowns.The Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health estimates that a sixth of the British workforce suffers from depression or stress. That
28、mental ill health costs British employers almost $ 26 billion a year and American research suggests that “presenteeism“ costs twice as much as absenteeism. Recently Grant Thornton sends its managers on a two day program put on by Positive Health Strategies, a London company. (47) Its program screens
29、 people for psychological well being, and offers advice on “ optimizing performance“ and “ staying. positive under pressure“. Focusing on the upper ranks makes sense for companies. The stars not only represent huge profits. They are also most likely to live under stress while maintaining a stiff upp
30、er lip. But focusing on stars also makes sense for the mental wellness movement itself: the best way to insert yourself into a companys DNA is to seduce its leadership.(48) What should one make of the corporate worlds new found interest in promoting mental health? For sure, depression and anxiety ca
31、n take a serious toll on productivity, and companies bear their share of the blame for promoting stress in the first place. And catching psychological problems early can prevent them from escalating. This all sounds promising. But there are nevertheless several troubling aspects.The first worry is t
32、hat promoting psychological wellness crosses an important line between the public and the private, raising awkward questions. Should companies pry into peoples emotional lives? Can they be trusted with the information they gather? And should psychologically frail workers put their faith in people wh
33、o work primarily for their employers rather than in their personal doctors? Workers rightly worry that companies will use psychological information in their annual appraisals. (49) And that bosses will see the trend as an excuse for extending their power over staffusing the veiled threat of somehow
34、being classified as mentally impaired to make them obey, and conform.A second worry is about the scientific foundations of the mental wellness movement. A phrase like “mental fitness“ is bound to attract chalants and salesmen. Warren Bennis of the University of Southern California has noted that the
35、 new “science“ of neuroleadership is “filled with banalities“. Other people are less complimentary. The biggest problem with the movement lies in the assumption that promoting psychological wellness is as good as encouraging the physical sort. (50) Few would doubt that good physical health makes for
36、 good productivity; but it is not self-evident that a positive mental attitude is good for a worker or his output: history shows that misfits have contributed far more to creativity than perky optimists. Besides, curmudgeonliness is arguably a rational way to cope with an imperfect world, rather tha
37、n a sign of mental maladjustment. Companies that chase the elusive “positive attitudes“ may end up damaging themselves as well as sticking their noses where they have no business.（分数：10.00）_十、Section Writing(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十一、Part A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)1.Directions :You live in a room in college which you
38、 share with another student. You find it very difficult to work there because your roommate always has friends visiting. He/She has parties in the room and sometimes borrows your things without asking you.Write a letter to the Accommodation Officer at the college and:1) ask for a new room next term,
39、 2) you would prefer a single room, 3) explain your reasons.Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei“instead.Dont write the address.（分数：10.00）_十二、Part B(总题数：1，分数：20.00)2.Directions :Write an essa
40、y of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly.2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. （分数：20.00）_考研英语(一)-25 (1)答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00
41、)Millennials were (1) to be the next golden ticket for retailers. A 70 million consumers (2) between the ages of 18 and 34, this was the first generation of Americans to grow up with cell phones and the Web. Marketers could (3) them in numerous waystweets, Facebook pagesthat were (4) when their boom
42、er parents started out. “ Marketers thought, Here come the Millennials, were going to have an awesome time selling to them, “ says Max Lenderman, a director at ad agency Crispin Porter it makes them confident about their identity. Children ought to be allowed to mature slowly and naturally. As adult
43、s we can choose to expand and change our gender identities. “Last fall, nearly 200 teachers gathered in Stockholm to discuss how to avoid “traditional gender patterns“ in schools. The conference was part of a research project run by the National Agency for Education and supported by the Delegation f
44、or Equality in Schools. “I work with these issues in Finland and Norway and it is clear to me that they have been inspired by the Swedish preschool and school curricula, “ says Ms. Henkel, the gender expert. But Henkel also insists that gender equality is a rights issue that cannot simply be left to
45、 the state to handle. Instead, she says, it requires the active involvement of citizens. “Rights are not something we receive and then dont have to fight for. This is about a redistribution of power, and for that initiative and action are needed, not just fancy legislation. /（分数：10.00）(1).The proble
46、m that bothers Swedes most nowadays is _.A. the controversy about gender pedagogy in schoolB. the attempt to experiment gender neutrality in schoolC. the slow progress of gender equality in schoolD. the stubbornly serious gender stereotype in school（分数：2.00）A.B. C.D.解析：细节事实题解析 文章第一段开门见山引出话题。瑞典国内现在对于
47、性别平等问题最大的争议是关于性别教学法的问题(gender pedagogy)。所谓的性别教学法指的是消除教材中隐藏的性别成见，避免因循守旧对男生和女生区别对待。而在性别教学法施行的过程中，最引起争议的问题莫过于这样一种观点，那就是 gender neutrality，要求学校不仅仅应该停留在不强化性别歧视的层面上，而且应该保持性别中立，孩子们可以自己按照自己的理解定义自己的性别。因为题干中问的是最近最困扰瑞典人的问题，故应该选择B，关于 gender neutrality在学校内部的施行。(2).Which of the following statements about Paragraph 1 is true?A. The credit for the narrow gender gap in Sweden goes to the suc
