1、考研英语(一)-21 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The Bible is the great work of the religious literature and was in process of formation for about twelve hundred years. The Bible is composed of (1) , legend, biography, genealogies, ethics, law, proverbial wisdom, sermons,
2、 prophesy, lyric poetry, hymns and theology. It is not only (2) a book but a (3) of books. The Bible (4) two major (5) , the Old Testament and the NewTestament. The Old Testament was written originally almost entirely (6) Hebrew with a little Aramaic, from the eleventh to the second century BC. It i
3、s the national (7) literature of the people of Israel. The New Testament was written in Greek from about 40 AD to 150. It 8 the earliest documents (9) the life, teaching, crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus and the establishment of the (10) church. The (11) work is from the first book Genesis, to
4、the last,Revelations. The (12) and richness of the Bible (13) literature (14) the Old Testament are unparalleled. In the literary (15) , poetry, The Bible is 16 . The Bible is an assemblage of literature. It is in a unique (17) among the worlds books (18) the richness of its (19) and spiritual value
5、s. It can be called the (20) of books.（分数：10.00）(1).A. fiction B. history C. novel D. drama（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. presumably B. shortly C. presently D. simply（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. collection B. constitution C. criticism D. contradiction（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. makes B. moderates C. comprises D. co
6、mposes（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. diversion B. distinction C. divisions D. discrepancy（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. on B. by C. with D. in（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. permanent B. religious C. identical D. theoretical（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. contains B. contaminates C. commends D. commences（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. t
7、hrough B. on C. within D. by（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. Catholic B. contemporary C. Christian D. confidential（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. vast B. valid C. verbal D. virtual（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. divorce B. distress C. dismay D. diversity（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. as B. for C. of D. by（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).
8、A. traditionally B. conversely C. especially D. practically（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. standard B. form C. stand D. formation（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. cunning B. promising C. underlying D. surpassing（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. place B. venue C. position D. site（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. for B. on C. in D. to
9、（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. greedy B. artistic C. practical D. absurd（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. chapter B. poem C. romance D. book（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)People have good reason to care about the welfare of animals. Ever since the
10、 Enlightenment, their treatment has been seen as a measure of mankinds humanity. It is no coincidence that William Wilberforce and Sir Thomas Foxwell Buxton, two leaders of the movement to abolish the slave trade, helped found the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals in the 1820s.
11、An increasing number of people go further: mankind has a duty not to cause pain to animals that have the capacity to suffer. Both views have led people gradually to extend treatment once reserved for mankind to other species. But when everyday lives are measured against such principles, they are fra
12、ught with contradictions. Those who would never dream of caging their cats and dogs guzzle bacon and eggs from ghastly factory farms. The abattoir and the cattle truck are secret places safely hidden from the meat-eaters gaze and the childs story book. Plenty of people who denounce the fur-trade (mu
13、ch of which is from farmed animals) quite happily wear leather (also from farmed animals). Perhaps the inconsistency is understandable. After hundreds of years of thinking about it, people cannot agree on a system of rights for each other, so the ground is bound to get shakier still when animals are
14、 included. The trouble is that confusion and contradiction open the way to the extremist. And because scientific research is remote from most peoples lives, it is particularly vulnerable to their campaigns. In fact, science should be the last target, wherever you draw the boundaries of animal welfar
15、e. For one thing, there is rarely an alternative to using animals in research. If there were, scientists would grasp it, because animal research is expensive and encircled by regulations. Animal research is also for a higher purpose than a full belly or an elegant outfit. The world needs new medicin
16、es and surgical procedures just as it needs the unknowable fruits of pure research. And science is, by and large, kind to its animals. The couple of million (mainly rats and mice) that die in Britains laboratories are far better looked- after and far more humanely killed than the billion or so (main
17、ly chickens ) on Britains farms. Indeed, if Darley Oaks makes up its loss of guinea pigs with turkeys or dairy cows, you can be fairly sure animal welfare in Britain has just taken a step backwards.（分数：10.00）(1).The first paragraph is written to_. A. put forward sound reason to care about the welfar
18、e of animals B. emphasize the glory of the Enlightenment C. introduce the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals D. provide background knowledge for the discussion to be expanded（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The inconsistency in our routine lives is defined by enumerating_. A. the deeds condu
19、cted by Sir Thomas Foxwell Buxton B. the people who condemn the fur-trade but merrily wear leather C. the understanding of the ancient times concerning a system of rights D. the comprehension of the way to the extremist（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).It can be inferred from the third paragraph that_. A. the pu
20、blics ignorance of scientific research results in attacks on science B. a measure of mankinds humanity is taken into account C. confusion and contradiction result from vulnerable campaigns D. the debate is bound to aggravate in the next decade（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).With which of the following statemen
21、ts would the author most probably agree? A. Even if they deplore the activitists use of intimidation and violence, animal lovers everywhere can sure rejoice today. B. Science does not deserve to be the target of protests, whatever you think of animal rights. C. Over the years something good has come
22、 from the campaign against the animal industry. D. It is a sensible move that Darley Oaks makes up its loss of guinea pigs with turkeys or dairy cows.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).In the text, a comparison is made so as to_. A. abolish the slave trade B. elaborate a higher purpose of animal research C. warn
23、that mankind has a duty not to cause pain to animals D. assert that science is, by and large, kind to its animals（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Tuning in round the clock, via satellite or internet blog, to any bout of mayhem anywhere, you might not think the world was becoming a more peace
24、able place. But in some ways it is, and measurably so. A recent Human Security Report released by the Liu Institute at the University of British Columbia registers a 40% drop in the number of armed conflicts between 1992 and 2003, with the worst wars, those claiming more than a thousand lives in bat
25、tle, down by 80%. While 28 armed struggles for self-determination ignited or reignited between 1991 and 2004, an encouraging 43 others were contained or doused. Yet measured in a different way, from the point of view of the half of the worlds population that is female, argues the Geneva Centre for t
26、he Democratic Control of the Armed Forces, the world is an awfully violent place, and not just in its war zones. Men still fill most of the body bags in wartime, including in civil wars, even on DCAFs figures, but their sisters, mothers, wives and daughters, it argues in a new report entitled “Women
27、 in an Insecure World“, face nothing short of a “hidden gendercide“. Violence against women is nothing new. DCAFs contribution is to collate the many figures and estimatesnot all of them easily verifiable, it has to be saidon everything from infanticide to rape (in both war and peace), dowry deaths,
28、 sex trafficking and domestic violence (in richer countries as well as poorer ones). According to one UN estimate cited by DCAF, between 113m and 200m women are now demographically “missing“. This gender gap is a result of the aborting of girl foetuses and infanticide in countries where boys are pre
29、ferred; lack of food and medical attention that goes instead to brothers, fathers, husbands and sons; so-called “honour killings“ and dowry deaths; and other sorts of domestic violence. It implies that each year between 1.5m and 3m women and girls are lost to gender-based violence. In other words, e
30、very two to four years the world looks away from a victim count on the scale of Hitlers Holocaust. Women between the ages of 15 and 44 are more likely to be maimed or die from violence inflicted one way or another by their menfolk than through cancer, malaria, traffic accidents or war combined. Poor
31、 health care means that 600,000 women are lost each year to childbirth (a toll roughly equal annually to that of the Rwandan genocide). The World Health Organisation estimates that 6,000 girls a day (more than 2m a year), mostly in the poor world, undergo genital mutilation. Other WHO figures sugges
32、t that, around the world, one woman in five is likely to be a victim of rape or attempted rape in her lifetime.（分数：10.00）(1).In the narration of the first two paragraphs, the author employs the device of_. A. comparison B. inversionC. contrast D. omission（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The word “contained“ in
33、the last sentence of the first paragraph most probably means_. A. involved B. checked C. embraced D. included（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).It can be inferred from the third paragraph of the text that_. A. violence against women has been ignored since the 1960s B. many figures and estimates can not stand scru
34、tiny concerned C. DCAF has long contributed to the infanticide and rape in richer nations D. the examining work conducted by DCAF has been demanding（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Hitlers Holocaust and the Rwandan genocide are mentioned in the text with the aim to_. A. provide a concrete concept of the statist
35、ics related to gender-based violence and poor health care B. exemplify the inhumane action conducted by German Nazi during World War C. count the victims who are now demographically “missing“ D. take into the account women who are more liable to be maimed or die from violence（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Whi
36、ch of the followings could be the best title for the text? A. Women in a Poverty-stricken Area B. Gender Gap in the Emerging Economies C. Women in a Hazardous World D. Gendercide in the Western Countries（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)If you leave a loaded weapon lying around, it is bound t
37、o go off sooner or later. Snow-covered northern Europe heard the gunshot loud and clear when Russia cut supplies to Ukraine this week as part of a row about money and power, the two eternal battlegrounds of global energy. From central Europe right across to France on the Atlantic seaboard, gas suppl
38、ies fell by more than one-third. For years Europeans had been telling themselves that a cold-war enemy which had supplied them without fail could still be depended on now it was an ally ( of sorts). Suddenly, nobody was quite so sure. Fearing the threat to its reputation as a supplier, Russia rapidl
39、y restored the gas and settled its differences with Ukraine. But it was an uncomfortable glimpse of the dangers for a continent that imports roughly half its gas and that Grard Mestrallet, boss of Suez, a French water and power company, expects to be importing 80% of its gas by 2030-much of it from
40、Russia. It was scarcely more welcome for America, which condemned Russias tactics. And no wonder: it consumes one-quarter of the worlds oil, but produces only 3% of the stuff. Over the coming years, the worlds dependence on oil looks likely to concentrate on the Middle East, particularly Saudi Arabi
41、a. Russian oil had seemed a useful alternative. Fear of the energy weapon has a long history. When producers had the upper hand in the oil embargo of 1973-74, Arab members of the Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) cut supply, sowing turmoil and a global recession. When consumer
42、s had the upper hand in the early 1990s, the embargo cut the other way. After Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait in 1990, the world shut in 5m barrels a day (b/d) of production from the two countries in an attempt to force him out. With oil costing $ 60 a barrel, five times more than the nominal price in
43、 1999, and spot prices for natural gas in some European and American markets at or near record levels, power has swung back to the producers for the first time since the early 1980s. Nobody knows how long todays tight markets will last. “It took us a long time to get there and it will take us a long
44、 time to get back,“ says Robin West, chairman of PFC Energy in Washington. A clutch of alarmist books with titles such as “The Death of Oil“ predict that so little oil is left in the ground that producers will always have pricing power. The question is how worried consumers should be. What are the t
45、hreats to energy security and what should the world do about them? The answers suggest a need for planning and a certain amount of grim realism, but not for outright panic.（分数：10.00）(1).The word “now“ of the first paragraph denotes_. A. because of the fact (that) B. for the time being C. currently D
46、. at present（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following can be inferred from the text? A. Worry of the energy weapon is of a long history in the snow-covered northern Europe. B. The dispute with Ukraine was resolved without any delay and gas supply was restored. C. The risks for a gas-importing cont
47、inent were exposed in the recent Russian-Ukrainian incident. D. Russian gas had long appeared to be a beneficial alternative.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).USA, according to the text, disapproved of Russian expedient in that_. A. most often it works wonder B. Americans never welcome Europeans C. Russians hard
48、ly produce consuming stuff D. it depends heavily on oil import（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the last paragraph, since the early 1980s consumers_. A. can not afford gas and oil B. have encountered grim situation C. can avoid outright panic D. have had the upper hand（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Based on t
49、he remarks made by Robin West, the current situation will_. A. vanish B. linger C. aggravate D. rebound（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)“The impulse to excess among young Britons remains as powerful as ever, but the force that used to keep the impulse in check has all but disappeared,“ claimed a newspaper. Legislation that made it easier to get hold of a drink was “an Act for the increase of drunkenness and immorality“, asserted a politician. The first statement comes from 2005, the second from 183
