1、考研英语(一)-1 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Whats your earliest childhood memory? Can you remember learning to walk? Or talk? The first time you heard thunder or watched a television program? Adults seldom (1) events much earlier than the year or so before entering schoo
2、l, (2) children younger than three or four (3) retain any specific, personal experiences.A variety of explanations have been (4) by psychologists for this “childhood amnesia“. One argues that the hippo-campus, the region of the brain which is (5) for forming memories, does not mature until about the
3、 age of two. But the most popular theory (6) that, since adults dont think like children, they cannot (7) childhood memories. Adults think in words, and their life memories are like stories or (8) one event follows (9) as in a novel or film. But when they search through their mental (10) for early c
4、hildhood memories to add to this verbal life story, they dont find any that fit the (11) Its like trying to find a Chinese word in an English dictionary.Now psychologist Annette Simms of the New York State University offers a new (12) for childhood amnesia. She argues that there simply arent any ear
5、ly childhood memories to (13) . According to Dr. Simms, children need to learn to use someone elses spoken description of their personal (14) in order to turn their own short-term, quickly forgotten (15) of them into long term memories. In other (16) , children have to talk about their experiences a
6、nd hear others talk about (17) Mother talking about the afternoon (18) looking for seashells at the beach or Dad asking them about their day at Ocean Park. Without this (19) reinforcement, says Dr. Simms, children cannot form (20) memories of their personal experiences.（分数：10.00）A.figureB.interpretC
7、.recallD.affirmA.now thatB.even ifC.as thoughD.just asA.largelyB.rarelyC.merelyD.reallyA.refutedB.defiedC.proposedD.witnessedA.responsibleB.suitableC.favorableD.availableA.declinesB.assessesC.estimatesD.maintainsA.reflectB.attainC.accessD.acquireA.narrativesB.forecastsC.communicationsD.descriptionsA
8、.the restB.anotherC.the otherD.othersA.depositsB.dreamsC.flashesD.filesA.modelB.patternC.frameD.formulaA.emphasisB.assertionC.explanationD.assumptionA.recallB.rememberC.reflectD.respondA.instinctsB.feelingsC.sensationsD.experiencesA.impressionsB.beliefsC.mindsD.insightsA.sensesB.casesC.wordsD.aspect
9、sA.himB.theirC.itD.themA.takenB.utilizedC.appliedD.spentA.habitualB.verbalC.uniqueD.particularA.permanentB.mentalC.spiritualD.conscious二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)However important we may regard school life to be, there is no denying the fact tha
10、t children spend more time at home than in the classroom. Therefore, the great influence of parents cannot be ignored or discounted by the teacher. They can become strong allies of the school personnel or they can consciously or unconsciously hinder and frustrate curricular objectives.Administrators
11、 have been aware of the need to keep parents informed of the newer methods used in schools. Many principals have conducted workshops explaining such matters as the reading readiness program, manuscript writing and developmental mathematics.Moreover, the classroom teacher, with the permission of the
12、supervisors, can also play an important role in enlightening parents. The informal tea and the many interviews carried on during the year, as well as new ways of reporting pupils progress, can significantly aid in achieving a harmonious interplay between school and home.To illustrate, suppose that a
13、 father has been drilling Junior in arithmetic processes night after night. In a friendly interview, the teacher can help the parent sublimate his natural paternal interest into productive channels. He might be persuaded to let Junior participate in discussing the family budget, buying the food, usi
14、ng a yardstick or measuring cup at home, setting the clock, calculating mileage on a trip and engaging in scores of other activities that have a mathematical basis.If the father follows the advice, it is reasonable to assume that he will soon realize his son is making satisfactory progress in mathem
15、atics, and at the same time, enjoying the work.Too often, however, teachers conferences with parents are devoted to petty accounts of childrens misdemeanors, complaints about laziness and poor work habits, and suggestion for penalties and rewards at home.What is needed is a more creative approach in
16、 which the teacher, as a professional adviser, plants ideas in parents minds for the best utilization of the many hours that the child spends out of the classroom. In this way, the school and the home join forces in fostering the fullest development of youngsters capacities.（分数：10.00）(1).The central
17、 idea conveyed in the above text is that（分数：2.00）A.home training is more important than school training because a child spends so many hours with his parents.B.teachers can and should help parents to understand and further the objectives of the school.C.there are many ways in which the mathematics p
18、rogram can be implemented at home.D.parents have a responsibility to help students in doing homework.(2).The author directly discusses the fact that（分数：2.00）A.parents drill their children too much in arithmetic.B.principals have explained the new art programs to parents.C.a parents misguided efforts
19、 can be properly directed.D.a father can have his son help him construct articles at home.(3).It can reasonably be inferred that the author（分数：2.00）A.is satisfied with present relationships between home and school.B.feels that the traditional program in mathematics is slightly superior to the develo
20、pmental program.C.believes that schools are woefully lacking in guidance personnel.D.feels that parent-teacher interviews can be made much more constructive than they are at present.(4).We may infer that the writer of the article does not favor（分数：2.00）A.suggestions by the teacher to a parent in reg
21、ard to improving the students scholastic average.B.written communications to the parent from the teacher.C.having the parent observe lessons which the children are being taught.D.principal-parent conferences rather than teacher-parent conferences.(5).The author does not directly state, but implies t
22、hat（分数：2.00）A.participation in interesting activities relating to a subject improves ones achievement in that area.B.too many children are lazy and have poor work habits.C.school principals do more than their share in interpreting the curriculum to the parents.D.teachers should occasionally make hom
23、e visits to parents.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In 1575-over 400 years ago the French scholar Louis Le Roy published a learned book in which he voiced despair over the changes caused by the social and technological innovations of his time, what we now call the Renaissance. We, also, feel that our times
24、are out of joint; we even have reason to believe that our descendants will be worse off than we are.The earth will soon be overcrowded and its resources exhausted. Pollution will ruin the environment, upset the climate and endanger human health. The gap in living standards between the rich and the p
25、oor will widen and lead the angry, hungry people of the world to acts of desperation including the use of nuclear weapons as blackmail. Such are the inevitable consequences of population and technological growth if present trends continue.The future is never a projection of the past. Animals probabl
26、y have no chance to escape from the tyranny of biological evolution, but human beings are blessed with the freedom of social evolution. For us, trend is not destiny (fate). The escape from existing trends is now facilitated by the fact that societies anticipate future dangers and take preventive ste
27、ps against expected changes.Despite the widespread belief that the world has become too complex for comprehension by the human brain, modern societies have often responded effectively to critical situations. The decrease in birth rates, the partial prohibition of pesticides and the rethinking of tec
28、hnologies for the production and use of energy are but a few examples illustrating a sudden reversal of trends caused not by political upsets or scientific breakthroughs, but by public awareness of consequences.Even more striking are the situations in which social attitudes concerning future difficu
29、lties undergo rapid changes before the problems have come to pass - witness the heated arguments about the problems of behavior control and of genetic engineering even though there is as yet no proof that effective methods can be developed to manipulate behavior and genes on a population scale.One o
30、f the characteristics of our times is thus the rapidity with which steps can be taken to change the orientation of certain trends and even to reverse them. Such changes usually emerge from grass root movements rather than from official directives.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the first two paragraphs,
31、if present trends continue, which one of the following situations will not occur?（分数：2.00）A.An overpopulated earth will be unable to sustain its inhabitants.B.The rich will become richer and the poor will become poorer.C.New sources of energy will be substituted for oil and natural gas.D.The effects
32、 of pollution will pose a dreadful threat to mankind.(2).The best illustration of the meaning of “trend is not destiny“ in paragraph 3 is that（分数：2.00）A.human beings are blessed with the freedom of social evolution.B.the world has become too complex for human beings to modify.C.preventive steps agai
33、nst catastrophes are difficult to be adopted.D.the earth will soon be overcrowded and its resources exhausted.(3).According to the text, evidences of the insight of the public into the dangers which surround us can be found in all of the following EXCEPT（分数：2.00）A.a decline in birth rates.B.oppositi
34、on to the use of pesticides.C.pressing for better power production and energy use.D.a rapid increase in the funding of environment research.(4).The author is in favor of the opinion that（分数：2.00）A.the reversal of trend caused by scientific advances is out of the question.B.nuclear weapons wont play
35、a prominent role in dealings among peoples.C.the public is aware of the future dangers and ready to take immediate action.D.the trend of rapid development of science and technology seems irresistible.(5).The logical organization of the text is that（分数：2.00）A.an assertion is made, followed by a few e
36、xamples to illustrate it.B.future dangers are stated and relative measures are to be adopted.C.a historical trend is stated and evidence is then provided to prove it.D.examples of risks are given and reasons are then advanced to clarify them.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Within 80 years, some scientists e
37、stimate, the world must produce more than eight times the present world food supply. The productiveness of the sea raises our hopes for an adequate food supply in the future. Aided by men of science, we have set forth to find out that 70 percent of the earth remains unexplored-the ocean depths. Thus
38、, we may better discover and utilize the seas natural products for the worlds hungry.It is fish protein concentrate that is sought from the seas. By utilizing the unharvested fish in United States waters alone, enough fish protein concentrate can be obtained to provide supplemental animal protein fo
39、r more than one billion people for one year at the cost of less than half a cent per day per person. The malnutrition of children is terribly tragic. But the crime lies in societys unrestrained breeding, not in its negligence in producing fish powder. But wherever the population projects are careful
40、ly considered, the answer to the problem is something like this: There are few projects that could do more to raise the nutritional level of mankind than a full-scale scientific effort to develop the resources of the sea. Each year some thirty million tons of food products are taken from the sea, wh
41、ich account for 12 percent of the worlds animal proteins. Nations with their swelling populations must push forward into the sea frontiers for food supplies. Private industry must step up its marine research and the federal government must make new attacks on the problems of marine research developm
42、ent. There is a tone of desperateness in all these designs on the sea.But what is most startling is the assumption that the seas are an untouched resource. The fact is that the seas have been, and are being, hurt directly and indirectly, by the same forces that have abused the land. In the broad pat
43、tern of ecological relationships the seas are not separable from what happens on the land. The poisons that pollute the soil and the air bring in massive doses into the “continental shelf“ waters. The dirt and pollution that spills from our urban sewers and industrial out falls despoil our bays and
44、coastal waters. All the border seas are already heavily polluted by the same exploitation drives that have undermined the quality of life on land.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the text, which of the following statements is true?（分数：2.00）A.Though the situation is not urgent, we should press forward with
45、 our marine research.B.Nations throughout the world must be provided with fish, fresh or frozen, for needed protein.C.There are enough fish in the U. S. seas to allow for the annual protein needs of a quarter of the worlds 5 billion people.D.The oceans are the major source of the worlds protein supp
46、ly.(2).The authors primary concern is that（分数：2.00）A.the oceans will help to provide enough food for the world in the future.B.thirty million tons of food products are taken from the sea every year.C.city sewers are pouring forth polluted matter into bays and coastal waters.D.a steady increase in po
47、pulation will result in more hungry mouths to feed.(3).The author of the text is most probably of the opinion that（分数：2.00）A.the sea is an inexhaustible resource of food supply.B.the shortage o food supply mainly results from unrestricted population growth.C.the inadequate food supply is chiefly cau
48、sed by the negligence in exploration of the sea.D.it is the population projects, rather than the development of sea resources, that can improve the nutritional conditions of mankind.(4).From the last paragraph we learn that（分数：2.00）A.the seas we will depend on for future food have been more or less
49、contaminated.B.the marine resources are directly bound up with our future life.C.the exploitation drives are essential for us to improve the quality of life on the earth.D.the ecological balance in the seas has nothing to do with that on the land.(5).The most appropriate title for this text is（分数：2.00）A.The Role of Science in Fighting Hunger.B.Scientific Efforts to Develop Sea Resources.C.The Importance of Fish Protein in Our Diets.D.The Sea and Our Future Food Supply.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Most economists in the United States seem excited by the spell of the f
