1、考研英语(一)-16 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Many foreigners who have not visited Britain call all the inhabitants English, for they are used to thinking of the British Isles as England. (1) , the British Isles contain a variety of people, and only the people of England
2、call themselves,English. The others (2) to themselves as Welsh, Scottish, or Irish, (3) the case may be; they are often slightly annoyed at being (4) as “English“. Even in England there are many differences in (5) character and speech. The chief (6) is between southern England and northern England.
3、South of a line going from Bristol to London, people speak the type of English usually (7) by toreign students, (8) there are local variations.Further north, regional (9) is usually “broader“ than that of southern Britain. Northerners are (10) to claim that they work harder than Southerners, and are
4、 more (11) . They are openhearted and hospitable; foreigners often find that they make friends with them (12) . Northerners generally have hearty (13) : the visitor to Lancashire or Yorkshire, for instance, may look forward to receiving generous (14) at meal times. In accent and character the people
5、 of the Midlands (15) a gradual change from the southern to the northern type of Englishman.In Scotland the sound (16) by the letter “ R“ is generally a strong sound, and “ R“ is often pronounced in words in which it would be (17) in southern English, The Scots are said to be a serious, cautious, th
6、rifty people, (18) inventive and somewhat mystical. All the Celtic peoples of Britain (the Welsh, the Irish, the Scots) are frequently (19) as being more “ fiery“ than the English. They are of a race that is quite (20) from the English.（分数：10.00）A.In essenceB.In briefC.In factD.As a consequenceA.con
7、fineB.referC.attachD.addA.asB.inC.forD.soA.calledB.classifiedC.spokenD.specifiedA.personalB.regionalC.respectiveD.nationalA.factorB.elementsC.privilegesD.divisionA.acquiredB.obtainedC.gainedD.requiredA.as thoughB.if onlyC.thoughD.in spite ofA.competitionB.speechC.advanceD.balanceA.accustomedB.boundC
8、.inclinedD.possibleA.hostileB.notoriousC.superiorD.thoroughA.swiftlyB.promptlyC.immediatelyD.quicklyA.appetitesB.tastesC.interestsD.sensesA.helpingsB.offeringsC.fillingsD.findingsA.demonstrateB.designateC.representD.reckonA.deliveredB.denotedC.depictedD.definedA.quietB.obscureC.faintD.silentA.rather
9、B.stillC.somehowD.evenA.renderedB.thoughtC.impressedD.describedA.distinctB.extinctC.instinctiveD.definite二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Historians have only recently begun to note the increase in demand for luxury goods and services that took place
10、in eighteenth-century England. MeKendrick has explored the Wedgewood Firms remarkable success in marketing luxury pottery. Plumb has written about the proliferation of provincial theaters, musical festivals and children s toys and books. While the feat of this consumer revolution is hardly in doubt,
11、 three key questions remain : Who were the consumers? What were their motives? And what were the effects of the new demand for luxuries?An answer to the first of these has been difficult to obtain. Although it has been possible to infer from the goods and service actually produced what manufacturers
12、 and servicing trades thought their customers wanted, only a study of relevant personal documents written by actual consumers will provide a precise picture of who wanted what. We still need to know how large this consumer market was and how far down the social scale the consumer demand for luxury g
13、oods penetrated. With regard to this last question, we might note in passing that Thompson, while rightly restoring laboring people to the stage of eighteenth-century English history, has probably exaggerated the opposition of these people to the inroads of capitalist consumerism in general: for exa
14、mple, laboring people in eighteenth-century England readily shifted from home-brewed beer to standardized beer produced by huge, heavily capitalized urban breweries.To answer the question of why consumers became so eager to buy, some historians have pointed to the ability of manufacturers to adverti
15、se in a relatively uncensored press. This, however, hardly seems a sufficient answer. MeKendriek favors a Viable model of conspicuous consumption stimulated by competition for status. The “ middling sort“ bought goods and services because they wanted to follow fashions set by the rich. Again, we may
16、 wonder whether this explanation is sufficient. Do not people enjoy buying things as a form of self-gratification? If so, consumerism could be seen as a product of the rise of new concepts of individualism and materialism, but not necessarily of the frenzy for conspicuous competition.Finally, what w
17、ere the consequences of this consumer demand for luxuries? MeKendriek claims that it goes a long way toward explaining the coming of the Industrial Revolution. But does it? What, for example, does the production of high-quality potteries and toys have to do with the development of iron manufacture o
18、r textile mills? I t is perfectly possiMe Go have the psychology and reality of consumer society without a heavy industrial sector.That future exploration of these key questions is undoubtedly necessary should not, however, diminish the force of the conclusion of recent studies: the insatiable deman
19、d in the tenth-century England for frivolous as well as useful goods and services foreshadows our own world.（分数：10.00）(1).Plumb mentioned “theaters, musical festivals and childrens toys and books“(Para. 1) to_.（分数：2.00）A.show the high economic power in England in the 18th centuryB.tell us people of
20、different ages need different goods or servicesC.illustrate that luxury consumption was in a high point in England in the 18th centuryD.doubt the historians research result(2).The author uses the example in the end of Paragraph 2 to_.（分数：2.00）A.illustrate that laboring people were ignoredB.illustrat
21、e that laboring people also had great consumptive powerC.predict that laboring people would always shift to capital urban breweriesD.explain why capitalists had such great consumptive power(3).Which of the following is NOT a possilde motive for luxury consumption mentioned in the passage?（分数：2.00）A.
22、People enjoy buying things.B.Manufactures boast their products.C.Consumers need to satisfy themselves in certain ways.D.People liked learning from the rich s example.(4).What does the author think of McKendricks claim about the luxury consumption consequences?（分数：2.00）A.He partly agrees with McKendr
23、ick s opinion.B.He thinks McKendriek need more examples Go prove himself.C.He disagrees with MeKendrick because he pays no attention to iron manufacture or textile mills.D.He disagrees with McKendriek because his elemi was narrow and absolute.(5).What does the author think of the key questions?（分数：2
24、.00）A.They are completely settled by historians.B.They need more exploration.C.They can t be settled in the near future.D.They will be settled soon.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)One of the most important social developments that helped to make possible a shift in thinking about the r01e of public educatio
25、n was the effect of the baby boom of the 1950s and 1960s on the schools. In the 1920s, but especially in the Depression conditions of the 1930s, the United States experienced a declining birth rateevery thousand women aged fifteen to forty-four gave birth to about 118 live children in 1920, 89.2 in
26、1930, 75.8 in 1936, and 80 in 1940. With the growing prosperity brought on by the Second World War and the economic boom that followed it, young people married and established households earlier and began to raise larger families than had their predecessors during the Depression. Birth rates rose to
27、 102 per thousand in 1946, 106.2 in 1950, and 118 in 1955. Although economics was probably the most important determinant, it is not the only explanation for the baby boom. The increased value placed on the idea of the family also helps to explain this rise in birth rates.The baby boomers began stre
28、aming into the first grade by the mid-1940s and became a flood by 1950. The public school system suddenly found itself overtaxed. While the number of schoolchildren rose because of wartime and postwar conditions, these same conditions made the schools even less prepared to cope with the flood. The w
29、artime economy meant that few new schools were built between 1940 and 1945. Moreover, during the war and in the boom times that followed, large numbers of teachers left their profession for better-paying jobs elsewhere in the economy.Therefore, in the 1950s and 1960s, the baby boom hit an antiquated
30、 and inadequate school system. Consequently, the “custodial rhetoric“ of the 1930s and early 1940s no longer made sense; that is, keeping youths aged sixteen and older out of the labor market by keeping them in school could no longer be a high priority for an institution unable to find space and sta
31、ff to teach younger children aged five to sixteen.With the baby boom, the focus of educators and of laymen interested in education inevitably turned toward the lower grades and back to basic academic skills and discipline. The system no longer had much interest in offering nontraditional, new, and e
32、xtra services to older youth.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, what is the main factor contributed to the baby boom?（分数：2.00）A.Economy.B.Public education.C.Family.D.Earlier marriage.(2).According to the passage, why did teachers leave the teaching profession after the outbreak of the war?（分数：2
33、.00）A.They needed to be retrained.B.They were dissatisfied with the curriculum.C.Other jobs provided higher salaries.D.Teaching positions were scarce.(3).The “custodial rhetoric“ mentioned in Paragraph 3 refers to_.（分数：2.00）A.raising a familyB.keeping older individuals in schoolC.running an orderly
34、householdD.maintaining discipline in the classroom(4).The last two paragraphs suggest that_.（分数：2.00）A.the baby boom had little influence on the attention of educationsB.before the baby boom, basic academic skill and discipline did not interest educatorsC.after the baby, the elder youths still had c
35、hance to gain nontraditional, new, and extra servicesD.the school system shifted its attention form the lower grades to older youths(5).What does the passage mainly discuss?（分数：2.00）A.The teaching profession during the baby boom.B.Birth rates in the United States in the 1930s and 1940s.C.The impact
36、of the baby boom on public education.D.The role of the family in the 1950s and 1960s.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)These are hard times for Deutsehe Bank, despite its huge strides in investment banking. Next week its chief executive, Josef Ackerman, goes on trial in Dusseldorf. Careless words by Rolf Breu
37、er, the head of its supervisory board, led to another court ruling last month that may cost Germany s biggest bank several hundred million euros in damages. Then there is Parmalat. Although no evidence has emerged of complicity in the Italian dairy group s fraud, Deutsche s name has become entwined
38、in the affair.In many other respects, however, Deutsche s reputation has never been higher. In dubbing it “ Bank of the Year 2003“, International Financing Review, the capital markets favorite newssheet, purred that Deutsche was a “lean, aggressive, focused universal bank“ In the league tables that
39、investment banks watch so keenly, Deutsche excelled last year as lead manager of bonds and convertible bonds and of some racier products, such as repackaged debt securities and high-yield “junk“ bonds. In other disciplines it rarely fell below the top ten in the world.However, it is still nowhere ne
40、ar the top in equity offerings and advice on mergers and acquisitions, except in Germany. It still has a problem with costs,which were a fat 82% of income in the third quarter of 2003, thanks mainly to the thick pay packets of its investment bankers and its poor returns from corporate and retail ban
41、king.Mr. Ackermann must try to improve the weak spots while spending two clays a week, probably until June, in a courtroom. He and four others face charges of “breach of trust“ over the way bonuses were awarded to board meinbers of Mannesmann, a telecoms company. Mr. Aekermann sat on Mannesmann s su
42、pervisory board. There is no suggestion that he gained personally. Nor was there any harmful intent in Mr. Breuer s remarks in a television interview about the financial health of the Kirch media group shortly before its bankruptcy. But he was careless, and a Munich court found Deutsche (but not Mr.
43、 Breuer) liable for damages, to be set in due course, without right of appeal. The bank said this week it has lodged a protest with the federal supreme court in Karlsruhe. Meanwhile, Kirch has filed a suit against Deutsche in America.Deutsches involvement with Parmalat also looks sloppy. It led a 35
44、0m bond issue fur the group in September. It was also a leading borrower and lender of Parmaat shares, so that in November it technically held the voting rights to over 5% of Parmalat stock. That stake had fallen to 1.5% by December 19th, the day the dairy companys black hole became public. It repor
45、ted this, perhaps over-zealously, to the Italian authorities. That may have given the wrong impression, say, sources close to the bank, because the transactions were for third parties.This is awkward for a bank that managed to avoid most serious attacks on conflicts of interest thai beset the invest
46、ment-banking industry following the collapse of Enron in 2001 and the bursting of the tech-stock bubble. Mr. Ackermann will need a clear head to steer the bank through the coming storms.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be inferred from the text that_.（分数：2.00）A.the chief executive of Deutsche will be found guil
47、ty by courtB.it is yet to be found whether Deutsche is involved ira the fraudC.Deutsche s reputation has been ruined by its present problemsD.the head of Deutsche s supervisory board is a shrewd banker(2).Deutsche bank did not make much profit due largely to_.（分数：2.00）A.the large amount of junk bond
48、s and lack of disciplinesB.the poor management and the low interest rateC.the inadequacy of Mr. Ackermann and other board membersD.the huge salary of bankers and the unwise businesses(3).Deutsche is faced with a huge compensation in that_.（分数：2.00）A.the bank has failed to save Kireh from going bankr
49、uptB.the bank has intentionally undermined the financial image of the media groupC.the head of Deutsche s supervisory board has made some reckless commentD.Deutsche has breached the trust of Kireh in the bonus awarding process(4).According to the fourth paragraph, which of the following is true?（分数：2.00）A.Mr. Ackermann and others are accused of committing bribery.B.No evidence shows that Mr. Aekermann gains bonuses privately from Mannesmann.C.The awkward role it played in the collapse of Enron.D.Mr. Breuer has to pay tore the damage
