1、考研数学三-无穷级数、常微分方程与差分方程(一)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Beyond question, Clinton was supposed to close up, stay out of sight, and avoid second- guessing his wifes boss. After his ego blustered into oncoming traffic during Hillarys heated primary race (1) Obama, the nat
2、ion suffered from yet another turn of Clinton fatigue.(2) this week Bill Clinton showed an instinct for robust, inclusive leadership that the (3) White House occupant could make good use of right for the time being. With President Obama struggling to (4) the political damage from the Gulf oil spill,
3、 Clinton not only cant help himselfhes worth being listened.The conventional-wisdom (5) on President Obamas early reaction to the spill was (6) he didnt emote enough. He didnt feel the (7) of all those people in the crisis whose livelihood would be destroyed, whose clean waters and wildlife would be
4、 (8) in black gunk.Clinton considers this is an unfair (9) but offers a differentand more pointed lesson to his young successor. “I think we ought to (10) in the same boat for a while. Lets just (11) the problem, and then we can hold everybody responsible and emote or not emote, “ Clinton conversed
5、(12) CNN Anchor Wolf Blitzer.Obamas first (13) after the oil spill was to “feel the blame“ rather than “feel the pain, “ which are pretty sarcastic words as it were. No one intends to let British Petroleum (BP) management (14) the hookfor dangerously cutting corners, and for a (15) safety record. Ho
6、wever, the Presidents (16) focus on scolding BP consumed (17) White House energy while the oil gushed.Great leaders dont rush to criticise; Instead they instinctively (18) solutions. Rudy Giuliani, who didnt stop to blame (19) intelligence for letting it happen, stood out from New York mayor with a
7、girlfriend problem to 9/11 hero when he took control of a crisis and instilled confidence that a ravaged city could (20) beyond a terrorist attack.（分数：10.00）(1).A over B above C against D than（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A Then B Therefore C Nonetheless D Besides（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A general B common C int
8、ensive D current（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A prevent B expand C stop D contain（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A criticism B warning C advice D compliment（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A because B that C if D for（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A pressure B pain C shock D fear（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A driven B shunned C drowned D killed（分数：0
9、.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A complain B advice C blame D objection（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A row B travel C go D sit（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A fix B discuss C consider D raise（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A in B to C about D with（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A research B instinct C plan D strategy（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A on B out C
10、off D from（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A dismal B public C brief D incomplete（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A important B special C initial D sharp（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A abundant B valuable C surplus D restless（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A call for B sum up C go over D look for（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A timely B faulty C c
11、reative D secret（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A move B leave C turn D go（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The willingness of doctors at several major medical centers to apologize .to patients for harmful errors is a promising step toward impro
12、ving the rather disappointing quality of a medical system that kills tens of thousands of innocent patients a year inadvertently. For years, experts have lamented that medical malpractice litigation is an inefficient way to deter lethal or damaging medical errors. What they noticed, simply put it, i
13、s that most victims of malpractice never sue, and there is some evidence that many patients who do sue were not harmed by a physicians error but instead suffered an adverse medical outcome that could not have been prevented. The details of what went wrong are often kept secret as part of a settlemen
14、t agreement. What is needed, many specialists agree, is a system that quickly brings an error to light so that further errors can be headed off and that compensates victims promptly and fairly. Many doctors, unfortunately, have been afraid that admitting and describing their errors would only invite
15、 a costly lawsuit. Now, as described by Kevin Sack in The Times, a handful of prominent academic medical centers have adopted a new policy of promptly disclosing errors, offering earnest apologies and providing fair compensation. It appears to satisfy many patients, reduce legal costs and the litiga
16、tion burden and, in some instances, helps reduce malpractice premiums. Here are some examples from colleges of the United States: at the University of Illinois, of 37 cases where the hospital acknowledged a preventable error and apologized, only one patient filed suit; at the University of Michigan
17、Health System, existing claims and lawsuits dropped from 262 in August 2001 to 83 in August 2007, and legal costs fell by two-thirds. To encourage greater candor, more than 30 states have enacted laws making apologies for medical errors inadmissible in court. That sounds like a sensible step that sh
18、ould be adopted by other states or become federal law. Such laws could help bring more errors to light. Patients who have been harmed by negligent doctors can still sue for malpractice, using other evidence to make their case. Admitting errors is only the first step toward reforming the health care
19、system so that far fewer mistakes are made. But reforms can be more effective if doctors are candid about how they went astray. Patients seem far less angry when they receive an. honest explanation, an apology and prompt, fair compensation for the harm they have suffered.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the f
20、ollowing is true according to the first two paragraphs? A Doctors confession of mistakes and apologies help to better medical care. B Experts believe it an inefficient way for patients to sue for their livery. C Mistreated patients never sue once suffer an unpreventable adverse medical outcome. D Th
21、e details of patients conditions are often kept secret.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).While many specialties call for a disclosure mechanism, some physicians are worrying about_. A exposure to the media B describing their mistakes in details C compensating victims promptly and fairly D involvement in an expen
22、sive civil case（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to Paragraph 5, laws are enacted in more than 30 states _. A to be adopted by other states B to become federal law C to make apologies for medical misconducts D to spark medical practitioners to confess more（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).From the last paragraph, w
23、e can infer that Doctors should describe the way they made mistakes in order to_. A admit malpractices first B make less medical mistakes C avoid lawsuits D be forgiven（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The authors attitude towards doctors hearty apologies may be summarized as_. A skeptical B indifferent C suppor
24、tive D intolerable（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Time spent in a bookshop can be most enjoyable, whether you are a book-lover or merely there to buy a book as a present. You may even have entered the shop just to find shelter from a sudden shower. But the desire to pick up a book with an a
25、ttractive dust-jacket is irresistible. You soon become absorbed in some book or other, and usually it is only much later that you realize that you have spent far too much time there.This opportunity to escape the realities of everyday life is, I think, the main attraction of a bookshop. There are no
26、t many places where it is possible to do this. A music shop is very much like a bookshop. You can wander round such places to your hearts content. If it is a good shop, no assistant will approach you with the inevitable greeting: “Can I help you, sir?“ You neednt buy anything you dont want. In a boo
27、kshop an assistant should remain in the background until you have finished browsing. Then, and only then, are his services necessary.You have to be careful not to be attracted by the variety of books in a bookshop. It is very easy to enter the shop looking for a book on, say, ancient coins and to co
28、me out carrying a copy of the latest best-selling novel and perhaps a book about brass-rubbing - something which had only vaguely interested you up till then. This volume on the subject, however, happened to be so well illustrated and the part of the text you read proved so interesting that you just
29、 had to buy it. This sort of thing can be very dangerous. Booksellers must be both long suffering and indulgent.There is a story which wei1 illustrates this. A medical student had to read a textbook which was far too expensive for him to buy. He couldnt obtain it from the library and the only copy h
30、e could find was in his bookshop. Every afternoon, therefore, he would go along to the shop and read a little of the book at a time. One day, however, he was dismayed to find the book missing from its usual place and about to leave when he noticed the owner of the shop beckoning to him. Expecting to
31、 be reproached, he went toward him. To his surprise, the owner pointed to the book, which was tucked away in a corner. “I put it there in case anyone was tempted to buy it,“ he said, and left the delighted student to continue his reading.（分数：10.00）(1).You may spend too much time in a bookshop becaus
32、eA the dust-jackets are very attractive.B you start reading one of the books.C it is raining outside.D you have to make sure you dont buy a dull book as a present.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the text, in a good bookshopA nobody takes any notice of you.B the assistant greets you in a friendly w
33、ay.C your heart is contented.D you feel that you are in a music shop.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).It can be learned from the text that an assistant should offer you helpA as soon as you have entered the shop.B just before you finish browsing.C only when you have finished reading.D when he leads you to a par
34、ticular section.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The author implies that it is very easy to enter a bookshop and buyA a book on ancient coins.B a best-selling novel on brass-rubbing.C a book that only vaguely interests you.D a book that unexpectedly fascinates you.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The textbook the medical s
35、tudent was interested in was tucked away in a cornerA to prevent anyone from buying it.B because the medical student might take it away.C in case the medical student was tempted to buy it.D because it was a rare and expensive book.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)When the United States and K
36、orea(SOK) announced their new free-trade agreement last month, the news was mainly economic. The deal would give American farmers and bankers alike better access to Korean consumers and help Korean companies push more electronics, cars and textiles into the United States. Largely unreported was the
37、political angle-the U.S.-Korea(SOK) free trade agreement comes at precisely the moment when Americas military presence on the Korean Peninsula is rapidly diminishing, anti-U.S. nationalism in Korea(SOK) is growing and China is playing an ever more important leadership role in the region. This FTA is
38、 much more significant in strategic than economic terms.It is the same about any number of trade deals in Asia these days. While free-trade agreements have always been somewhat political, solidifying national relationships, the use of FTAs in geopolitical jockeying(竞赛) is reaching new heights in Eas
39、t Asia. Since 1997, the number of FTAs in the region has risen from seven to 38. Last time we saw this sort of frenzied bilateral activity was back in the 1930s. That worries some economists, who fear that all the free-trade politicking will further erode an already beleaguered global trading system
40、, and create a snowball effect of countermeasures.Its no accident that the activity in the region has increased since 2004, which marked the beginning of a massive free trade agreement between China and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. China offered countries like Laos and Cambodia an “ea
41、rly harvest,“ unilaterally opening up markets for hundreds of different kinds of agricultural products. That in turn helped smooth the way for a reduction in tension in hot spots like the disputed South China Sea territories. FTAs are becoming a key instrument for great-power diplomacy.That worries
42、rivals, who are rushing to find their own partners. The Japanese, for example, have always been cautious when it comes to bilateral agreements. Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe recently announced a new push for more Japanese FTAs in the region. Meanwhile, the EU is trying desperately to push its w
43、ay back into the region, recently announcing plans to negotiate its own deals with both South Korea and the ASEAN nations.How will all the wheeling and dealing end? Not with more efficient trading. A recent map of Asian trade deals shows an increasingly complicated “spaghetti bowl“ hindering broader
44、 global efforts to liberalize trade. Such deals have a disproportionately negative effect on small and medium-sized enterprises, representing as much as 80 percent of jobs in some parts of Asia. Already, the U.S.-Korea(SOK) deal is causing grousing(不满) in Japan, which would take a hit as Korean comp
45、etitors no longer have. to deal with U.S. tariffs. Still, that probably wont turn the tide - the most important criterion in motivating a country to seek FTAs, well ahead of economic reform, was-surprise -politics.（分数：10.00）(1).By signing a new FTA with Korea(SOK), U.S. wishes to _.A withdraw rapidl
46、y its military troops in Korea(SOK).B arouse pro-U. S. sentiments in Korea(SOK).C check the increasing significance of China there.D fulfill its magnifying global economic strategy.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).It can be inferred from the text that _.A there has never been such a large-scale bilateral activi
47、ty before.B the activity in Asia has not increased until a massive F-WA is signed.C Japanese is not eager to sign FTA despite other countries activities.D an FTA helps reduce the tension in the South China Sea territories.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to some economists, the rapidly increasing numb
48、er of FTAs has the lurking hazard of _.A corrupting the prosperous world economy system.B causing problems to the already troubled world economy.C creating a snowball effect of anti-FTA measures.D hindering broader global efforts to liberalize trade.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).By signing a massive FFA with ASEAN nations, China tends to _.A settle territorial issues with ASEAN nations by offering them some economy privileges.B fulfill its international responsibilities as a great-power to help ASEAN nations.C make use of the agreements to reach its poli
