1、考研数学三-182 及答案解析(总分：65.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part Vocabulary & (总题数：20，分数：20.00)1.Some people apparently have an almost incredible ability to _ the right answer.A. bump into B. come up with C. bring up D. bear out（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.His daughter was so _ that she cried for
2、 hours when her pet cat died.A. senseless B. sensory C. sensible D. sensitive（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.I can hardly read your writing. It is _.A. illegible B. illegal C. eligible D. legalistic（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.Action, gesture, eye and voice _ to the greater effectiveness of drama as compared with the nove
3、l.A. distribute B. contribute C. attribute D. constitute（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.The president tried to stay in touch with the ambassador _.A. at large B. at hand C. at a trot D. at one stroke（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.They were tired, but not any less enthusiastic _ that account.A. on B. by C. for D. with（分数：1.0
4、0）A.B.C.D.7.I think if is high time we _ the fact that environmental pollution in this area is getting more serious than before.A. woke up to B. must wake up toC. wake up to D. are waking up to（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.So _ was the mood of the meeting that an agreement was soon reached.A. resentful B. amia
5、ble C. suffocating D. gloomy（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Rescue workers continued the delicate task of sifting through tons of concrete and to try to reach possible survivors.A. scraps B. leftovers C. debris D. residues（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.When she _, she could not for a moment recognize her surroundings.A. ca
6、me to B. came off C. came through D. came over（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.The shortage of water became more _ this summer with the highest temperatures in 40 years.A. needy B. latent C. severe D. dredge（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.They tried to drive their horse into the river, but he simply could not _.A. budge B.
7、surge C. trudge D. dredge（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.Even the best medical treatment can not cure all the disease that _ men and women.A. beseech B. beset C. bewitch D. bestow（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.The boys talent might have lain _ had it not been for his uncles encouragement.A. extinguished B. dormant C. mali
8、gnant D. perishable（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.The two leaders made a show of unity at the press conference, though they had notably messages.A. discontinuous B. discreet C. discordant D. disadvantageous（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.16.Jack admitted that he ought not to have made his mother angry, _?A. oughtnt he B. was
9、nt he C. didnt he D. hadnt he（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.17.An old woman was badly hurt in _ the police describe as an apparently motiveless attack.A. that B. which C. what D. whatever（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.18.As the city has become increasingly _ and polluted, there has been a growing realization that certain actio
10、n urgently needed.A. flourished B. boosted C. congested D. mingled（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19.The taxi _ in front of a girl just in time to avoid a serious accident.A. turned in B. pulled up C. cleared up D. dropped in（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.20.The doctor told him to be careful when taking sleeping pills because t
11、oo many could be.A. lethal B. vital C. wholesome D. sanitary（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.三、Part Reading Compr(总题数：4，分数：30.00)Youre busy filling out the application form for a position you really need, lets assume you once actually completed a couple of years of college work or even that you completed your degre
12、e. Isnt it tempting to lie just a little, to claim on the form that your diploma represents a Harvard degree? Or that you finished an extra couple of years back at State University?More and more people are turning to utter deception like this to land their job or to move ahead in their careers, for
13、personnel officers, like most Americans, value degrees from famous schools. A job applicant may have a good education anyway, but he or she assumes that chances of being hired are better with a diploma from a well-known university. Registrars at most well-known colleges say they deal with deceitful
14、claims like these at the rate of about one per week.Personnel officers do check up on degrees listed on application forms, then. If it turns out that an applicant is lying, most colleges are reluctant to accuse the applicant directly. One Ivy League school calls them “impostors“. Another refers to t
15、hem as “special cases“. One well-known West Coast school, in perhaps the most delicate phrase of all, says that these claims are made by “no such people“.To avoid complete lies, some job-seekers claim that they “attended“ or “were associated with“ a college or university. After carefully checking, a
16、 personnel officer may discover that “attending“ means being dismissed after one semester. It may be that “being associated with“ a college means that the job-seeker visited his younger brother for a football weekend. One school that keeps records of false claims says that the practice dates back at
17、 least to the turn of the century-thats when they began keeping records, anyhow.If you dont want to lie or even stretch the truth, there are companies that will sell you a fake diploma. One company, with officers in New York and on the West Coast, will put your name on a diploma from any number of n
18、onexistent colleges. The price begins at around twenty dollars for a diploma from “Smoot State University“. The prices increase rapidly for a degree from the “University of Purdue“. As there is no Smoot State and the real school in Indiana is properly called Purdue University, the prices seems rathe
19、r high for one sheet of paper.（分数：7.50）(1).The main idea of this passage is that _.A. employers are checking more closely on applicants nowB. lying about college degrees has become a widespread problemC. college degrees can now be purchased easilyD. employers are no longer interested in college degr
20、ees（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the passage, “special cases“ refers to cases where _.A. students attend a school only part-timeB. students purchase false degrees from commercial firmsC. students never attended a school they listed on their applicationD. students attended a famous school（分数：1.50
21、）A.B.C.D.(3).We can infer from the passage that _.A. performance is a better judge of ability that a college degree needsB. experience is the best teacherC. past work histories influence personnel officers more than degrees doD. degree from a famous school enables an applicant to gain advantage over
22、 others in job competition（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(4).This passage implies that _.A. buying a false degree is not moralB. personnel officers only consider applicants from famous schoolsC. most people lie on applications because they were dismissed from schoolD. society should be greatly responsible for lyi
23、ng on applications（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(5).As used in the first line of the second paragraph, the word “utter“ means _.A. thorough B. fundamental C. ultimate D. decisive（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every facet of our life, educated people need at l
24、east some acquaintance with its structure and operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if one knows
25、 something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist.This book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose acquaintance with science is superficial, for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts, for the person who sees the chie
26、f objective of science as the production of gadgets, and for the person who views the scientists as some sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern work, or-independently of any course -si
27、mply to provide a better understanding of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are, and what they do. It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between sci
28、ence and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.We have tried to present in this book an accurate an
29、d up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who populate it. That population has in recent years come to comprise more and more women. This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not a unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of soc
30、iety as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contribution, however, we are faced with a language that is implicitly sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To offset this
31、 built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating he and she. This policy is far from being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of the human race equal
32、ly.We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our approach is usually informal. We feel, as do many other scientists, that we shouldnt take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime rather than as a grim and dreary way to
33、 earn a living.（分数：7.50）(1).According to the passage, “scientific subculture“ means _.A. cultural groups that are formed by scientistsB. people whose knowledge of science is very limitedC. the scientific communityD. people who make good contribution to science（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(2).We need to know som
34、ething about the structure and operation of science because _.A. it is not easy to understand the things that excite and frustrate the scientistB. Science affects almost every aspect of our lifeC. Scientists live in a specific subcultureD. It is easier to understand general characteristics of scienc
35、e（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(3).The book mentioned in this passage is written for readers who _.A. are intelligent college students and lay persons who do not know much about scienceB. are good at producing various gadgetsC. work in a storehouse of dried factsD. want to have a superficial understanding of sci
36、ence（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(4).According to this passage, _.A. English is a sexist languageB. only in the scientific world is the role of women increasing rapidlyC. women are making significant contributions to eliminating the inadequacy of our languageD. male nouns or pronouns should not be used to refer
37、 to scientist（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(5).This passage most probably is _.A. a book review B. the preface of a bookC. the postscript of a book D. the concluding part of a book（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.Of all the areas of learning the most important is the development of attitudes. Emotional reactions as well as logi
38、cal thought processes affect the behavior of most people.“The burnt child fears the fire“ is one instance. Another is the rise of despots like Hitler. Both of these examples also point up the fact that attitudes stem from experience. In the one case the experience was direct and impressive, in the o
39、ther case it was indirect and cumulative. The Nazis were formed largely by the speeches they heard and the books they read.The classroom teachers in the elementary school are in a strategic position to influence attitudes. This is true partly because children acquire attitudes from those adults whos
40、e opinion they respect.Another reason is that pupils often delve somewhat deeply into a subject in school that has only been touched upon at home or has possibly never occurred to them before. To a child who had previously acquired little knowledge of Mexico, his teachers method of handling such a u
41、nit would greatly affect his attitude towards Mexicans.The media through which the teacher can develop wholesome attitudes are innumerable. Social attitudes (with special reference to races and nationalities) science matters of health and safety, the very atmosphere of the classroom-these are a few
42、of the fertile fields for the induction of proper emotional reactions.However, when children come to school with undesirable attitudes, it is unwise for the teacher to attempt to change their feelings by cheating or scolding them. She can achieve the proper effect by helping them obtain constructive
43、 experiences. Finally, a teacher must constantly evaluate her own attitudes, because her influence can be harmful if she has personal prejudices. This is especially true in respect to controversial issues and questions on which children should be encouraged to reach their own decisions as a result o
44、f objective analysis of all the facts.（分数：7.50）(1).In the second paragraph, the author gives two examples to show _.A. the development of attitudes is most importantB. peoples behavior can be shaped by direct or indirect experienceC. conscious instruction is important in shaping peoples behaviorD. u
45、npleasant experience leaves a greater impression on people（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(2).Most often attitudes are shaped by _.A. how the teacher introduces knowledgeB. what children learn at homeC. whether knowledge is learned from books of other sourcesD. what children learn in the classroom（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.
46、(3).The author advises teachers to _.A. correct the pupils incorrect attitude whenever they haveB. ignore the pupils incorrect attitude altogetherC. give the proper criticism to the pupils incorrect attitudeD. try to use positive experience to develop proper attitude in the pupils（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(4
47、).The word “harmful“ in the last paragraph most probably means _.A. bad-affecting B. ill-effective C. widespread D. irritating（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(5).What is the passage mainly about?A. How to develop the desired attitude in children.B. What role do emotional reactions play in education.C. How children
48、s attitude affect their study.D. Why undesirable attitudes are hard to eliminate.（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.The marvelous telephone and television network that has now enmeshed the whole world, making all men neighbors, cannot be extended into space. It will never be possible to converse with anyone on anothe
49、r planet. Even with todays radio equipment, the messages will take minutes-sometimes hours-on their journey, because radio and light waves travel at the same limited speed of 186, 000 miles a second.Twenty years from now you will be able to listen to a friend on Mars, but the words you hear will have left his mouth at least three minutes earlier, and your reply will take a corresponding time to reach him. In s
