1、考研数学一-高等数学无穷级数(二)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The effect of the baby boom on the schools helped to make possible a shift in thinking about the role of public education in the 1920s. In the 1920s, but especially (1) the Depression of the 1930s, the United States expe
2、rienced a (2) birth rate. Then with the prosperity (3) on by the Second World War and the economic boom that followed it, young people married and (4) households earlier and began to (5) larger families than had their (6) during the Depression. Birth rates rose to 102 per thousand in 1946, 106.2 in
3、1950, and 118 in 1955. (7) economics was probably the most important (8) , it is not the only explanation for the baby boom. The increased value placed (9) the idea of the family also helps to (10) this rise in birth rates. The baby boomers began streaming (11) the first grade by the mid-1940s and b
4、ecame a (12) by 1950. The public school system suddenly found itself (13) The wartime economy meant that few new schools were buih between 1940 and 1945. (14) , large numbers of teachers left their profession during that period for better-paying jobs elsewhere.(15) , in the 1950s, the baby boom hit
5、an antiquated and inadequate school system. Consequently, the custodial rhetoric of the 1930s no longer made (16) ; keeping youths ages sixteen and older out of the labor market by keeping them in school could no longer be a high (17) for an institution unable to find space and staff to teach younge
6、r children. With the baby boom, the focus of educators (18) turned toward the lower grades and back to basic academic skills and (19) . The system no longer had much (20) in offering nontraditional, new, and extra services to older youths.（分数：10.00）(1).A. in B. for C. at D. on（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A.
7、 accelerating B. strengthening C. declining D. fluctuating（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. took B. produced C. brought D. carried（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. adopted B. incorporated C. administered D. established（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. increase B. raise C. erect D. generate（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. predecessors B.
8、successors C. processors D. oppressors（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. Since B. Despite C. Although D. Unless（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. tenant B. determinant C. lubricant D. repentant（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. at B. on C. for D. with（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. demonstrate B. interpret C. exhibit D. explain（分数：0.50）A.
9、B.C.D.(11).A. through B. across C. into D. towards（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. creek B. flood C. bonus D. pledge（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. overtaxed B. overdosed C. overweighed D. overlapped（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. Moreover B. However C. Otherwise D. Thus（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. Nevertheless B. Therefore
10、C. Furthermore D. Hence fore（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. sense B. meaning C. sensible D. meaningful（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. notoriety B. compatibility C. proximity D. priority（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. refutably B. indispensably C. inevitably D. respectively（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. conference B. symposium
11、 C. seminar D. discipline（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. ability B. advantage C. benefit D. interest（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)For the past two years in Silicon Valley, the centre of Americas technology industry, conference-goers have
12、entertained themselves playing a guessing game: how many times will a speaker mention the phrase “long tail“? It is usually a high number, thanks to the influence of the long-tail theory, which was first developed by Chris Anderson, the editor of Wired magazine, in an article in 2004. Though technol
13、ogists and bloggers chuckle at how every business presentation now has to have its long-tail section, most are envious of Mr. Anderson, whose brainwave quickly became the most fashionable business idea around.Whether a blockbuster film, a bestselling novel, or a chart-topping rap song, popular cultu
14、re idolises the hit. Companies devote themselves to creating them because the cost of distribution and the limits of shelf space in physical shops mean that profitability depends on a high volume of sales. But around the beginning of this century a group of internet companies realised that with endl
15、ess shelves and a national or even international audience online they could offer a huge range of productsand make money at the same time.The niche, the obscure and the specialist, Mr. Anderson argues, will gain ground at the expense of the hit. As evidence, he points to a drop in the number of comp
16、anies that traditionally calculate their revenue/sales ratio according to the 80/20 rulewhere the top fifth of products contribute four-fifths of revenues. Ecast, a San Francisco digital jukebox company, found that 98% of its 10000 albums sold at least one track every three months. Expressed in the
17、language of statistics, the experiences of Ecast and other companies such as Aragon, an online bookseller, suggest that products down in the long tail of a statistical distribution, added together, can be highly profitable. The internet helps people find their way to relatively obscure material with
18、 recommendations and reviews by other people, (and for those willing to have their artistic tastes predicted by a piece of software) computer programs which analyse past selections.Long-tail enthusiasts argue that the whole of culture will benefit, not just commercial enterprises. Television, film a
19、nd music are such bewitching media in their own right that many people are quite happy to watch and listen to what the mainstream provides. But if individuals have the opportunity to pick better, more ideally suited entertainment from a far wider selection, they will take it, according to the theory
20、 of the long tail. Some analysts reckon that entire populations might become happier and wiser once they have access to thousands of documentaries, independent films and subgenres of every kind of music, instead of being subjected to what Mr. Anderson calls the tyranny of lowest-common-denominator f
21、are. That might be taking things a bit far. But the long tail is certainly one of the internets better gifts to humanity.（分数：10.00）(1).In the first paragraph the author mentioned the conference-goers guessing game, he wants to showA it is usually a high number that speakers mentioned the phrase “lon
22、g tail“.B the enormous influence of the long-tail theory.C conference-goers liked to entertain themselves playing the game.D Chris Anderson was the first who developed “long tail“.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which word is most similar to “blockbuster“ (Line 1, Paragraph 2) in meaning?A Bomb-like. B Unpopul
23、ar. C High profit. D Bestselling.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following statements is lure?A Only the internet can help people find more way to relatively obscure material.B 80/20 rule is disproved by long-tail theory.C Statistical distribution in the long tail can be highly profitable.D The in
24、ternet is a support point of long-tail theory.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Who will be benefited the least according to the theory?A Sub-genre media. B Big companies. C Whole of culture. D Individuals.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Whats the main idea of this passage?A Chris Anderson and his “Long-tail“. B Prevalence
25、 of “Long-tail“.C What is Long-tail? D Long-tail and Internet.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)“WHATS the difference between God and Larry Ellison?“ asks an old software industry joke. Answer: God doesnt think hes Larry Ellison. The boss of Oracle is hardly alone among corporate chiefs in ha
26、ving a reputation for being rather keen on himself. Indeed, until the bubble burst and the public turned nasty at the start of the decade, the cult of the celebrity chief executive seemed to demand bossly narcissism, as evidence that a firm was being led by an all-conquering hero.Narcissus met a nas
27、ty end, of course. And in recent years, boss-worship has come to be seen as bad for business. In his management bestseller, “Good to Great“, Jim Collins argued that the truly successful bosses were not the serf-proclaimed stars who adorn the covers of Forbes and Fortune, but instead self-effacing, t
28、houghtful, monkish sorts who lead by inspiring example.A statistical answer may be at hand. For the first time, a new study, “Its All About Me“, to be presented next week at the annual gathering of the American Academy of Management, offers a systematic, empirical analysis of what effect narcissisti
29、c bosses have on the firms they run. The authors, Arijit Chatterjee and Donald Hambrick, of Pennsylvania State University, examined narcissism in the upper levels of 105 firms in the computer and software industries.To do this, they had to solve a practical problem: studies of narcissism have hither
30、to relied on surveying individuals personally, something for which few chief executives are likely to have time or inclination. So the authors devised an index of narcissism using six publicly available indicators obtainable without the co-operation of the boss. These are: the prominence of the boss
31、s photo in the annual report; his prominence in company press releases; the length of his “Whos Who“ entry; the frequency of his use of the first person singular in interviews; and the ratios of his cash and non-cash compensation to those of the firms second-highest paid executive.Narcissism natural
32、ly drives people to seek positions of power and influence, and because great self-esteem helps your professional advance, say the authors, chief executives will tend on average to be more narcissistic than the general population. How does that affect a firm? Messrs Chatterjee and Hambrick found that
33、 highly narcissistic bosses tended to make bigger changes in the use of important resources, such as research and development, or in spending and leverage; they carried out more and bigger mergers and acquisitions ; and their results were both more extreme (more big wins or big losses) and more tran
34、sient than those of firms run by their humbler peers. For shareholders, that could be good or bad.Although (oddly) the authors are keeping their narcissism ranking secret, they have revealed that Mr Ellison did not come top. Alas for him, that may be because the study limited itself to people who be
35、came the boss after 1991-well after he took the helm. In every respect Mr Ellison seems to be the classic narcissistic boss, claims Mr Chatterjee. There is life in the old joke yet.（分数：10.00）(1).The old software industry joke is used in the text toA show the difference between God and Larry Ellison.
36、B emphasize the success of the boss of Oracle.C illustrate how chief executives manage their companies.D introduce the topic of narcissism on top managerial level.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Jim Collins seems to believe that truly successful managersA should encourage the staff by setting up examples.B sho
37、uld not be regarded as stars by their employees.C should ban boss-worship in the companies they lead.D should be as humble as possible in their company.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A practical problem with the “Its all about me“ study is thatA the survey takes too much time to be completed.B the subjects fo
38、r the survey may not be very cooperative.C the bosses who are narcissistic are likely to tell lies to the surveyors.D the six available indicators require the co-operation of the bosses.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the researchers, compared with humbler managers, narcissistic bosses are more li
39、kely toA have faster professional advances.B draw attention from the general population.C dramatize the changes in their companies.D use resources of the company in extreme ways.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).We can infer from the passage thatA the results of the new study has already been publicized.B the re
40、searchers think Mr. Ellison is more classic than narcissistic.C the joke about Mr. Ellison is actually adapted from real life.D the ranking might be different if the survey focused on an earlier period.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)There were two widely divergent influences on the early d
41、evelopment of statistical methods. Statistics had a mother who was dedicated to keeping orderly records of governmental units (state and statistics come from the same Latin root, status) and a gentlemanly gambling father who relied on mathematics to increase his skill at playing the odds in games of
42、 chance. The influence of the mother on the offspring, statistics, is represented by counting, measuring, describing, tabulating, ordering, and the taking of censusesall of which led to modem descriptive statistics. From the influence of the father came modem inferentical statistics, which is based
43、squarely on theories of probability.Descriptive statistics involves tabulating, depicting, and describing collections of data. These data may be either quantitative, such as measures of height, intelligence, or grade levelvariables that are characterized by an underlying continuum or the data may re
44、present qualitative variable, such as sex, college major, or personality type.Large masses of data must generally undergo a process of summarization or reduction before they are comprehensible. Descriptive statistics is tool for describing or summarizing or reducing to comprehensible form the proper
45、ties of an otherwise unwieldy mass of data.Inferential statistics is a formalized body of methods for solving another class of problems that present great difficulties for the unaided human mind. This general class of problems characteristically involves attempts to make predictions using a sample o
46、f observations. For example, a school superintendent wishes to determine the proportion of children in a large school system who come to school without breakfast, have been vaccinated for flu, or whatever. Having a little knowledge of statistics, the superintendent would know that it is unnecessary
47、and inefficient to question each child; the proportion for the entire district could be estimated fairly accurately from a sample of as few as 100 children. Thus, the purpose of inferential statistics is to predict or estimate characteristics of a population from knowledge of the characteristics of
48、only a sample of the population.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following are counting and describing associated with?A. Descriptive statistics B. Unknown variablesC. Qualitative changes D. Inferential statistics（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Why does the author mention the “mother“ and “father“ in the first parag
49、raph?A. To present the background of statistics in a humorous and understandable wayB. To point out that parents can teach their children statisticsC. To explain that there are different kinds of variablesD. To introduce inferentical statistics（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following is true of descriptive statistics?A. It leads to increased variabilityB. It solves all numerical problemsC. It simplifies unwieldy masses of dataD. It changes qualitative variables to quantitative variable
