1、考研数学一-高等数学无穷级数(三)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Deflation is an economic theory relating changes in the price levels to changes in the quantity of money. In its developed (1) , it constitutes an analysis of the (2) underlying inflation and deflation. As (3) by the Eng
2、lish philosopher John Locke in the 17th century, the Scottish (4) David Hume in the 18th century, and (5) , it was a weapon (6) the mercantilists, who were thought to equate wealth with money. If the (7) of money by a nation merely raised (8) , argued the quantity theorists, then a “favourable“ bala
3、nce of trade, (9) desired by mercantilists, would increase the supply of money but would not in-crease (10) . In the 19th century the quantity theory (11) to the ascendancy of free trade over protectionism. In the 19th and 20th centuries it played a part in the (12) of business cycles and in the the
4、ory of foreign (13) rates.The (14) theory came under attack during the 1930s, (15) monetary expansion seemed ineffective in combating deflation. Economists argued that the levels of investment and government spending were more important than the money supply in determining economic activity.The tide
5、 of opinion (16) again in the 1960s, when experience (17) post-World War inflation and new empirical (18) of money and prices (19) A Monetary History of the United States (1963) by Milton Friedman and Anna Schwartzrestored much of the quantity theory s lost prestige. One implication of this theory i
6、s that the size of the stock of money must be considered when shaping governmental policies (20) to control prices and maintain full employment.（分数：10.00）(1).A form B shape C figure D appearance（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A causes B factors C facts D parts（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A discovered B discussed C rep
7、orted D developed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A scientist B philosopher C professor D thinker（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A others B the other C another D other（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A for B against C by D with（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A accumulation B earn C spending D disposal（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A amounts B prices C le
8、vels D ranges（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A since B if C before D as（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).10 A wage B salary C wealth D pay（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A accesses B contributed C pointed D explained（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A analysis B thought C preservation D existence（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A change B exchange C comm
9、unication D alter（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A number B quantity C quality D figure（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A where B what C when D which（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A reversed B occurred C emerged D finished（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A by B for C since D with（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A studies B discovers C findings D ques
10、tions（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A similar to B such as C along with D aside from（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A measured B pointed C led D meant（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A weather map is an important tool for geographers. A succession of th
11、ree of four maps presents a continuous picture of weather changes. Weather forecasts are able to determine the speed of air masses and fronts; to determine whether an individual pressure area is deepening or becoming shallow and whether a front is increasing or decreasing in intensity. They are also
12、 able to determine whether an air mass is retaining its original characteristics or taking on those of the surface over which it is moving. Thus, a most significant function of the map is to reveal a synoptic picture of conditions in the atmosphere at a given time.All students of geography should be
13、 able to interpret a weather map accurately. Weather maps contain an enormous amount of information about weather conditions existing at the time of observation over a large geographical area. They reveal in a few minutes what otherwise would take hours to describe. The United States weather Bureau
14、issues information about approaching storms, floods, frosts, droughts, and all climatic conditions in general. Twice a month it issues a 30-day “outlook“ which is a rough guide to weather conditions likely to occur over broad areas of the United States. These 30-day outlooks are based upon an analys
15、is of the upper air levels with often set the stage for the development of air masses, fronts, and storms.Considerable effort is being exerted today to achieve more accurate weather predictions. With the use of electronic instruments and earth satellites, enormous gains have taken place recently in
16、identifying and tracking storms over regions which have but few meteorological stations. Extensive experiments are also in progress for weather modification studies. But the limitations of weather modification have prevented meteorological results except in the seeding of super-cooled, upslope mount
17、ainous winds which have produced additional orographical precipitation on the windward side of mountain ranges. Nevertheless, they have provided a clearer understanding of the fundamentals of weather elements.（分数：10.00）(1).One characteristic of weather maps not mentioned by the author in this passag
18、e is_.A wind speedB thermal changesC frontsD barometric pressure（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The thirty-day forecast is determined by examining_.A upper air levelsB satellite reportsC changing frontsD daily air maps（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The observation of weather conditions by satellites is advantageous beca
19、use it_.A gives the scientist information not obtained readily otherwiseB enables man to alter the weatherC uses electronic instrumentsD is modern（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A weather map is synoptic because it_.A summarizes a great deal of informationB can be interpreted accuratelyC appears dailyD shows c
20、hanging fronts（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).At the present time, experiments are being conducted in_.A 30-day “outlook“B controlling stormsC satellitesD manipulating weather（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Compared with IBM, Microsoft is a mere young company. Founded in 1975, it rose swiftly to domin
21、ate the world of personal computing with its Windows operating system and Office suite of word-processing and other productivity tools. But the company is now showing some worrying signs of middle-age fatigue. In particular, it is struggling to find a growth strategy that will enthuse disappointed s
22、hareholders.Complaint are understandable. Since Steve Ballmer took over from Bill Gates as chief executive in 2000, Microsofts share price has decreased and the company has lost its reputation as a tech trend-setter. It has been left behind in hot areas such as search and social networking by younge
23、r companies, some of which love to thumb their noses at their older rival. Eric Schmidt, the executive chairman of Google, recently proclaimed that leadership in the tech world had passed from Microsoft and others to a “Gang of Four“ fast-growing, consumer-oriented businesses: Google, Apple, Amazon
24、and Facebook.Few would object to that. The question is: what，if anything, can Microsoft do to change it? In at least some respects, the company appears to be suffering from similar ailments to those that laid IBM low before Lou Gerstner was hired in 1993 to get it back on its feet. These include arr
25、ogance bred of dominance of a particular area-mainframe computers at IBM, personal computers at Microsoftand internal fiefs that hamper swift change.As IBMs experience shows, recovery in the tech world is possible. And some observers see encouraging signs of progress at Microsoft. Sarah Rotman Epps
26、of Forrester, a research firm, reckons that Windows 8, a forthcoming version of Microsofts operating system, could be a serious competitor to Googles Android on tablet computers if the company can get it to market next yearMicrosoft is also in far better shape financially than IBM was at its lowest
27、point, so it can afford to splash out on acquisitions such as its recent $8.5 billion purchase of Skype, an internet-phone and video-calling service.That bet and an alliance with Nokia in mobile phones show that Microsoft is trying to bulk up in promising areas. Yet sceptics worry that such initiati
28、ves are not the product of an comprehensive strategic vision, but are instead temporary moves designed to calm critics who fear Microsoft is drifting downwards. David Einhorn, a prominent hedge-fund manager whose fund holds shares in Microsoft, has publicly called for a change at the top of the firm
29、, arguing that Mr Ballmer is “stuck in the past“. So far, the companys board, chaired by Mr Gates, has backed its chief executive. But if IBMs history is a guide, Microsoft may yet end up jettisoning its leader.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be inferred from the first paragraph that_.A Microsofts revenue is o
30、n a dramatic declineB people have a bleak view of Microsofts futureC Microsoft kept pace with IBM in terms of salesD Microsoft once surpassed IBM in many aspects（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the text, Microsofts younger competitors _.A will prevail over MicrosoftB challenge Microsofts prestigeC
31、bring down Microsofts share priceD show contempt for Microsoft（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the text, which of the following is true of Microsoft?A It is considering hiring a new CEO.B It is engaged in an internal reform.C It can rival IBM in mainframe computers.D It is committing the mistakes I
32、BM once committed.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Some people are optimistic about Microsofts future probably in that_.A they have faith in its innovation abilityB its financial situation is better than IBMsC they have noticed the efforts it is makingD Windows 8 and Skype are bound to be popular（分数：2.00）A.B.C.
33、D.(5).The word “jettisoning“ (Last line, Paragraph 5) probably means_.A abandoning B criticizingC convincing D coaching（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Shopping has always been something of an impulse activity, in which objects that catch our fancy while strolling are immediately bought on a
34、 whim. Advertisers and sellers have taken advantage of this fact, carefully positioning inexpensive but attractive items on paths that we are most likely to cross, hoping that our human nature will lead to a greater profit for them. With the dawn of the Internet and its exploding use across the worl
35、d, the same tactics apply.Advertisers now place “banners“, links to commercial web sites decorated with attractive pictures designed to catch our eyes while browsing the webs, on key web sites with heavy traffic. They pay top dollar for the right, thus creating profits for the hosting web site as we
36、ll. These actions are performed in the hopes that during the course of our casual and leisurely web surfing, well click on that banner that sparks our interest and thus, in theory, buy the products advertised.Initial results have been positive. Web sites report a huge inflow of cash, both from the a
37、dvertisers who tempt customers in with the banners and the hosting web sites, which are paid for allowing the banners to be put in place. As trust and confidence in Internet buying increases and information security is heightened with new technology, the volume of buying is increasing, leading to ev
38、en greater profits.The current situation, however, is not quite as optimistic. Just as magazine readers tend to unconsciously ignore advertisements in their favorite periodicals, web browsers are beginning to allow banners to slip their notice as well. Internet users respond to the flood of banners
39、by viewing them as annoyances, a negative image that is hurting sales, since users are now less reluctant to click on those banners, preferring not to support the system that puts them in place. If Internet advertising is to continue to be a viable and profitable business practice, new methods will
40、need to be considered to reinvigorate the industry.With the recent depression in the technology sector and slowing economy, even new practices may not do the trick. As consumers are saving more and frequenting traditional real estate businesses over their Internet counterparts, the fate of Internet
41、business is called into question. The coming years will be the only reliable indication of whether shopping on the World Wide Web is the wave of the future or simply an impulse activity whose whim has passed. (404 words)Notes: on a whim 心血来潮。surf v.冲浪。in theory 在理论上，顺理成章。hosting 访问率离的。call.into ques
42、tion 质疑，对提出疑问。（分数：10.00）(1).It can be learned from the first paragraph that Internet advertisingA has taken the place of more traditional methods of advertising.B is one of the most effective ways to make profits on the web.C is paralleling advertising methods in traditional business settings.D seek
43、s to tempt customers through impulse shopping methods.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The second and third paragraphs are written in order to illustrateA the policy Internet advertisers design to lure clientele and its outcome.B the process and mixed consequences of Internet advertising and shopping.C the bigg
44、est splash Internet advertisers have recently made in sales promotions.D the banners Internet advertisers take advantage of to arouse customers interest.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Analyzing the current state of the online advertising in paragraph 4, the author implies thatA it has to be modified over time
45、 to remain effective.B for all its current profits, it will fade in the long run.C banners are beginning to lose their advertising efficiency.D Internet advertising methods will continue to decrease sales.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The expression “do the trick“ in the last paragraph most probably meansA c
46、ome to the point.B fulfill their purpose.C fail of their success.D live up to their promise.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The authors attitude toward online advertising can be summarized asA reserved consent but discontent.B objective analysis void of opinions.C enthusiastic support but slight contempt.D app
47、roval so far but uncertainty in the future.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Recent years have brought minority-owned businesses in the United States unprecedented opportunities-as well as new and significant risks. Civil right activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why
48、Blacks, Hispanics and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack of access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies. Now Congress, in apparent agreement, has required by law that businesses awarded federal contracts of more than 500,000 do their best to find minority subcontractors and record their efforts to do so on forms filed with the government. Indeed, some federal and local agencies have gone so far as to set specific percentage goals for apportioni
