1、考研数学一-高等数学向量代数和空间解析几何、多元函数微分学(二)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)On April 20,2000, in Accra, Ghana, the leaders of six West African countries declared their intention to proceed to monetary union among the non-CFA franc countries of the region by January 2003, as first
2、step toward a wider monetary union including all the ECOWAS countries in 2004. The six countries (1) themselves to reducing central bank financing of budget deficits (2) 10 percent of the previous years government (3) ; reducing budget deficits to 4 percent of the second phase by 2003; creating a Co
3、nvergence Council to help (4) macroeconomic policies; and (5) up a common central bank. Their declaration (6) that, “ Member States (7) the need (8) strong political commitment and (9) to (10) all such national policies (11) would facilitate the regional monetary integration process. “The goal of a
4、monetary union in ECOWAS has long been an objective of the organization, going back to its formation in 1975, and is intended to (12) broader integration process that would include enhanced regional trade and (13) institutions. In the colonial period, currency boards linked sets of countries in the
5、region. (14) independence, (15) , these currency boards were (16) , with the (17) of the CFA franc zone, which included the francophone countries of the region. Although there have been attempts to advance the agenda of ECOWAS monetary cooperation, political problems and other economic priorities in
6、 several of the regions countries have to (18) inhibited progress. Although some problems remain, the recent initiative has been bolstered by the election in 1999 of a democratic government and a leader who is committed to regional (19) in Nigeria, the largest economy of the region, raising hopes th
7、at the long-delayed project can be (20) .（分数：10.00）(1).A committed B devoted C adjusted D attributed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A by B to C with D until（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A finance B profit C income D revenue（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A coordinate B draft C ordinate D compromise（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A building
8、B setting C founding D erecting（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A says B writes C reads D states（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A accept B understand C recognize D realize（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A for B of C with D without（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A commence B undertake C initiate D try（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A pursue B seek C ques
9、t D explore（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A which B that C as D what（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A accompany B enforce C execute D compel（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A separate B common C several D public（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A Towards B From C By D On（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A therefore B moreover C however D thus（分数：0.50）A
10、.B.C.D.(16).A dispelled B discharged C dismissed D dissolved（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A consideration B intention C exception D regard（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A date B deter C hinder D delay（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A development B prosperity C integration D cooperation（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A refreshed B repla
11、ce C restore D revived（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The history of the computer in the twentieth century is one of dramatic adaptation and expansion. The computer had modest beginnings in areas where it was used as a specialist too
12、l. The first electronic computer was built in the 1930s and was solely for the use of undergraduate students in Iowa State University to handle mathematical computations in nuclear physics. In the 1960s an early version of the Internet, ARPPANET was used in computer science and engineering projects.
13、 However, only 10 years later computers were starting to change our life style, the way we do business and many other things and by the late 1980s networks were expanding to embrace sections of the general public.Computerization has changed US high school education in many ways. Three different chan
14、ges that consider being important. The first is the use of the computer as teaching aid for teachers. The next is the massive data storage and fast data retrieval facilitated by computer. Then comes the changes brought about by the introduction of simulation software.How prevalent is the use of comp
15、uters in schools! As recently as the early 1980s only 20% of secondary science teachers in the USA were using microcomputers. However, since then high schools in the US have computer zed rapidly. By 1987, schools had acquired about 1.5 million computers with 95% of public schools having at least one
16、 computer. Computers can be used as teaching aids both in schools and in homes. In schools, for example, teachers can plug a computer into an especially equipped overhead projector to bring texts, graphics, sound and videos into a classroom. By these multimedia computer animations, teachers can more
17、 readily attract and retain students attention. Ann concludes that computer aided teaching can attract and motivate students who were dropping out when more traditional methods were being used.Let us now turn to the Internet. This is a global network connecting many local networks. Over the Internet
18、, high school students can retrieve information and databases from every networked library around the world in seconds. The World Wide Web provides an easy way to access hard-to-find information. Students can now reach any library through the global network and find what they want. The final step is
19、 to download the scanned image. Though the slow transmission of signal through the network is a major limiting factor, it can still save us much time in finding useful information, and thus it is an invaluable tool to both high school teachers and students.（分数：10.00）(1).The main point of paragraph 1
20、 is toA outline the main causes of computerization.B outline the main consequences of computerization.C give background information on computerization.D give the authors viewpoint on computerization.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The word “facilitated“ (paragraph 2) is closest in meaning toA caused. B develop
21、ed. C assisted. D fascinated.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Computerization in school education seems to beA yielding positive results.B distracting the students attention.C reducing the number of school dropouts.D relieving the burden of the traditional teachers.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the passage,
22、 the major advantage of the Internet isA its convenience in obtaining information.B its wide and cheap access around the world.C its ability to process information.D its adaptability to computer hardware.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The authors attitude towards computerization seems to beA indifferent. B su
23、spicious. C biased. D supportive.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The church of La Placita, “the little square“, formally called Nuestra Se ora Reina de Los Angeles, was founded under Spanish rule at around the same time as the pueblo bearing the same name, the future Los Angeles. Catholicis
24、m and Hispanic culture seemed inseparable there. They still largely are. Virtually all Father Estradas parishioners are Hispanic, most of them of Mexican extraction. When Guatemalan and Salvadorean refugees showed up in the 1980s, it was natural for them, as good Catholics, to find sanctuary at La P
25、lacita, where they slept on the pews and Father Estrada gave them food. It was natural again in 2006, when the country went on an anti-immigrant binge, for many of the Latino counter-marches to start from La Placita. Latinos still come from all over southern California for baptisms and prayer, socia
26、l services and a sense of community. But more and more grandmothers also come to Father Estrada with worries about children or grandchildren who have become hermanos separados, separated brothers, after defecting to an evangelical church, usually one with a Pentecostal flavour. The converts may have
27、 followed one of the evangelicals who come to La Placita to recruit, or friends whom they met at a spiritual rock concert or picnic. “I dont worry, but I find it to be challenging,“ says Father Estrada. Some 68% of Hispanics in America are still Catholic, according to the Pew Research Centre, a thin
28、k-tank, and their absolute number, thanks to immigration and higher birth rates, continues to increase. But about 15% are now born-again evangelicals, who are fast gaining “market share“, as Gaston Espinosa, a professor of religion at Claremont McKenna College, puts it. He estimates that about 3.9m
29、Latino Catholics have converted, and that “for everyone who comes back to the Catholic Church, four leave it. “ The main reason, he thinks, is ethnic identity. Evangelical services are not only in Spanish, as many Catholic sermons are nowadays, but are performed by Latinos rather than Irish or Polis
30、h-American priests, with the cadences, rhythms, innuendos and flow familiar from the mother country. The evangelical services tend to be livelier than Catholic liturgy and to last longer, often turning into an outing lasting the whole day. Women play greater roles, and there are fewer parishioners f
31、or each pastor than in the Catholic Church. The evangelical churches are also more “experiential“, says Samuel Rodriguez, a third- generation Puerto Rican Pentecostal pastor and the president of the National Hispanic Christian Leadership Conference, an evangelical association. In the Catholic Church
32、, a believers relationship with Jesus is mediated through hierarchies and bureaucracies, he says, whereas the evangelical churches provide direct access to Jesus. The Pentecostals go one step further, with the “gifts of the Holy Spirit“ (1 Corinthians) letting believers speak in tongues and pray for
33、 divine healing. “This is the first group in America to reconcile both the vertical and the horizontal parts of the cross,“ says Mr. Rodriguez. By this he means that the Latino evangelical churches emphasise not only “ covenant, faith and righteousness“ (the vertical part), as white evangelicals do,
34、 but also “ community, public policy and social justice“ (the horizontal part), as many black evangelicals, but fewer white ones, do. To Latino evangelicals it is all one thing, he says, and the social outreach the church provides goes far beyond any government programme, with pastors snatching youn
35、g men away from gang life and fighting to uphold the rights of immigrants. This also means that Latino evangelicals as a political force are distinct from white evangelicals. Many of the whites have veered hard right, hating abortion and gay marriage and reliably voting Republican, though less so ve
36、ry recently. Latinos tend to be even more pro-life and traditional marriage than whites, says Mr. Rodriguez, but only because they know that “mom and dad in the home is the prime antidote to gangs and drugs. “ That same pragmatism makes them believe in government services and the taxes that pay for
37、them, and of course in immigrant rights. As voters, he reckons, Latino evangelicals are therefore the quintessential independents, up for grabs by either party. But it may be American Catholicism that changes the most. About a third of American Catholics are Latino now, and their share is growing. T
38、hey are also different Catholics, with more than half describing themselves as “ charismatics “, according to the Pew report. Charismatics remain in their traditional denomination, but believe in some aspects of Pentecostalism, such as the gifts of the Holy Spirit, especially the speaking in tongues
39、. Latino charismatics see themselves as a renewal movement within Catholicism, as it converges with other churches. And in general all churchgoing Latinos tend to see themselves as renewing Christianity in America. That makes them a powerful force as demographic changes turn America ever more Hispan
40、ic, and increasingly different from secular Europe. （分数：10.00）(1).What do Father Estrada mean by “separated brothers“ (Para 3, Line 2) ? A They do not live in the same place. B Many parents were divorced and then got them separated. C They are not all Catholics, but some are evangelicals. D Some are
41、 dead while others are alive.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the text, which of the following is not the edges of evangelical churches against Catholic Church? A Ethnic identity of evangelicals is more of Hispanic characters. B Direct connection with God. C More involvement of female citizens. D T
42、he evangelical services tend to be more solemn.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the text, why can evangelical church provide social outreach that goes far beyond any government programme? A Evangelicals are most Latin Americans and Latin Americans take a considerable portion of US population. B The
43、 evangelical church reconciles merits from different churches that are adhered to by different communities of people. C Government policies are not thoroughly performed in the neighbourhoods whose inhabitants are mostly Latin Americans. D Government does not take much care in the affairs of Latin Am
44、ericans as they are usually not in the mainstream of the society.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What does “charismatics“ (Para 9, Line 3) refer to in the text? A People who with abilities bestowed by God. B Those who converge with other churches. C Those who are of outstanding charms. D Those who most solemnl
45、y believe in Christianity.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which is correct according to this text? A Latin Americans are changing Christianity in America. B More and more people turn from Catholics to other churches. C Latin Americans, with their churches, are becoming a stronger political force in US. D Evang
46、elical church is better than other Catholic church.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The telecommunications, pharmaceutical, and airline industries all have undergone radical changes in recent years. Pharmaceutical companies, which once sold drugs to the doctors that dispensed them, switched
47、to the solution-selling method and started dealing with health-care companies. And many major airlines consolidated at the same time that low-cost firms like Jet Blue entered the market.In each of these industries, the game changed, and with new rules came new ways to win. That is the premise of Har
48、vard Business Schools “Changing the Game. Negotiation and Competitive Decision Making.“ The program, which covers not only deal-making but also topics as diverse as online auctions and strategic partnerships, “is for companies that are going through fundamental change in the way things are done,“ sa
49、ys Max Bazerman, program chair and professor of business administration at the school.This is not a program for novices, says Bazerman; most participants have already attended a general negotiation program. In “Changing the Game,“ participants learn to understand their thought processes regarding negotiation, to compare rational and intuitive d
