1、清华大学考博英语-试卷 22 及答案解析(总分：164.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Structure and Vocabu(总题数：40，分数：80.00)1.His intelligence and experience will enable him to_the complicated situation.（分数：2.00）A.cope withB.settle downC.intervene inD.interfere with2.Current data suggest that although _ states between fear and aggression exi
2、st, fear and aggression are as distinct physiologically as they are psychologically.（分数：2.00）A.simultaneousB.seriousC.partialD.transitional3.The natural balance between prey and predator has been increasingly_, most frequently by human intervention.（分数：2.00）A.celebratedB.predictedC.observedD.disturb
3、ed4.The results of the experiments performed by Elizabeth and Rachel were_not only because these results challenged old assumptions but also because they called the prevailing methodology into question.（分数：2.00）A.provocativeB.predictableC.inconclusiveD.intriguing5.In scientific inquiry, it becomes a
4、 matter of duty to expose a_hypothesis to every possible kind of examination.（分数：2.00）A.tentativeB.debatableC.well-establishedD.logical6.Freud derived psychoanalytic knowledge of childhood indirectly: he reconstructed childhood processes from adult_.（分数：2.00）A.memoryB.experienceC.behaviorD.monotony7
5、.Our times seem especially_to bad ideas, probably because in throwing off the shackles of tradition, we have ended up being quite vulnerable to untested theories and untried remedies.（分数：2.00）A.imperviousB.hostileC.hospitableD.prone8.The matter is not to be_.（分数：2.00）A.watched forB.waited onC.taken
6、overD.trifled with9.The mother almost_when she learned that her son was shot dead.（分数：2.00）A.fell downB.came downC.fell apartD.went to pieces10.Please_your voice if you have any questions to ask the chairman.（分数：2.00）A.riseB.raiseC.liftD.enlarge11.Owen obviously had no_of doing any work that day, al
7、though it was only a week before the English Test.（分数：2.00）A.ambitionB.desireC.intentionD.wish12.On that bitterly cold winter night, few people walked along the_narrow streets.（分数：2.00）A.lonelyB.neglectedC.desertedD.isolated13.Even when the strike was over, and the wages dispute had been_, it took s
8、everal weeks for the country to get cleaned up completely.（分数：2.00）A.settledB.evenedC.calmedD.relieved14.Advanced computer technology has_an answer to accurate weather forecasting.（分数：2.00）A.set upB.come up withC.filled inD.faced up to15.If you keep getting wrong numbers, your phone could be_.（分数：2.
9、00）A.defectiveB.ineffectiveC.deficientD.deceptive16.Mr. Johnson had a terrible cold and could not stop_.（分数：2.00）A.yawningB.sighingC.sneezingD.spitting17.The chairman asked the members to_their votes for or against the proposal.（分数：2.00）A.castB.throwC.bidD.offer18.She was barred from the golf club f
10、or refusing to_with the request.（分数：2.00）A.conformB.adhereC.abideD.comply19.She always_the smell of fresh bread with her aunt, who loved baking.（分数：2.00）A.associatedB.connectedC.attributedD.contributed20.While doing calculation for the project, the designers_a new solution to a geological problem.（分
11、数：2.00）A.fell intoB.stumbled uponC.set outD.discovered21.She was paid by the hour, and she managed to keep her family with her pitiful_.（分数：2.00）A.salaryB.wagesC.stipendD.payment22.A plane is a_and so is a car.（分数：2.00）A.transportB.driveC.vehicleD.carriage23.Tony was in plain clothes, watching for a
12、_character at London Airport all night.（分数：2.00）A.suspiciousB.suspectC.susceptibleD.doubtful24.At first she thought he was joking. It took Jason twenty minutes to convince her that he was_.（分数：2.00）A.earnestB.realC.genuineD.serious25.You may even become a head waiter eventually. If you have the righ
13、t sort of_and are not afraid of hard work.（分数：2.00）A.natureB.personalityC.temperD.character26.When they had finished playing, the children were made to_all the toys they had taken out.（分数：2.00）A.put offB.put outC.put upD.put away27.Small boys are_questioners. They ask questions all the time.（分数：2.00
14、）A.originalB.imaginativeC.peculiarD.persistent28.As an excellent shooter, Peter practised aiming at both_targets and moving targets.（分数：2.00）A.standingB.stationaryC.stillD.stable29.If each manager makes his usual speech, the meeting will be_for forty five minutes.（分数：2.00）A.expandedB.prolongedC.dela
15、yedD.exceeded30.The terrorists might have planted a bomb on the plane in Athens, set to_when it arrived in New York.（分数：2.00）A.get offB.carry offC.go offD.come off31.After traveling in the desert for many days, they found a tiny oasis, where there was a well and _green grass.（分数：2.00）A.a patch ofB.a
16、 bunch ofC.a pinch ofD.a packet of32.The girl was so_by the mighty river that she would spend hours sitting on its bank and gazing at the boats and rafts going and coming.（分数：2.00）A.absorbedB.fascinatedC.movedD.touched33.After a careful investigation, the committee decided to_the old hall.（分数：2.00）A
17、.changeB.buildC.innovateD.renovate34.I was always taught that it was_to interrupt.（分数：2.00）A.rudeB.coarseC.roughD.crude35.Since the father died a year ago, there has been_in the family about the division of the estate.（分数：2.00）A.distinctionsB.discordC.disadvantagesD.disappointment36.Having been disc
18、ussed, the proposal was_unanimously.（分数：2.00）A.adaptedB.adoptedC.admittedD.adjoined37.The American professor came to realize that he had underestimated the _ of most of the Chinese students.（分数：2.00）A.magnitudeB.gradientC.potentialD.firmness38.All individuals are required to_to the laws made by thei
19、r governments.（分数：2.00）A.obeyB.conformC.concedeD.observe39.It is a common theme in many science fiction stories that the world may one day be_by insects.（分数：2.00）A.broken inB.run overC.taken overD.filled out40.Some people_avoid questions of right and wrong or remain neutral about them.（分数：2.00）A.vio
20、lentlyB.enthusiasticallyC.sincerelyD.deliberately二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：5，分数：40.00)These days we hear a lot of nonsense about the “great classless society“. The idea that the twentieth century is the age of the common man has become one of the great cliches of our time. The same old arguments ar
21、e put forward in evidence. Here are some of them: monarchy as a system of government has been completely discredited. The monarchies that survive have been deprived of all political power. Inherited wealth has been savagely reduced by taxation and, in time, the great fortunes will disappear altogeth
22、er. In a number of countries the victory has been complete. The people rule; the great millennium has become a political reality. But has it? Close examination doesnt bear out the claim. It is a fallacy to suppose that all men are equal and that society will be leveled out if you provide everybody w
23、ith the same educational opportunities. It is debatable whether you can ever provide everyone with the same educational opportunities, but that is another question. The fact is that nature dispenses brains and ability with a total disregard for the principle of equality. The old rules of the jungle,
24、 “survival of the fittest“ , and “might is right“ are still with us. The spread of education has destroyed the old class system and created a new one. Rewards are based on merit. For “aristocracy“ read “ meritocracy“ ; in other respects, society remains unaltered: the class system is rigidly maintai
25、ned. Genuine ability, animal cunning, skill, the knack of seizing opportunities, all bring material rewards. And what is the first thing people do when they become rich? They use their wealth to secure the best possible opportunities for their children, to give them “ a good start in life“. For all
26、the lip service we pay to the idea of equality, we do not consider this wrong in the western world. Private schools which offer unfair advantages over state schools are not banned because one of the principles in a democracy is that people should be free to choose how they will educate their childre
27、n. In this way, the new meritocracy can perpetuate itself to a certain extent; an able child from a wealthy home can succeed far more rapidly than his poorer counterpart. Wealth is also used indiscriminately to further political ends. It would be almost impossible to become the leader of a democracy
28、 without massive financial backing. Money is as powerful a weapon as ever it was. In societies wholly dedicated to the principle of social equality, privileged private education is forbidden. But even here people are rewarded according to their abilities. In fact, so great is the need for skilled wo
29、rkers that the least able may be neglected. Bright children are carefully and expensively trained to become future rulers. In the end, all political ideologies boil down to the same thing: class divisions persist whether you are ruled by a feudal king or an educated peasant.（分数：8.00）(1).What is the
30、main idea of this passage?（分数：2.00）A.Equality of opportunity in the twentieth century has not destroyed the class system.B.Equality means money.C.There is no such society as classless society.D.Nature cant give you a classless society.(2).According to the author, the same educational opportunities c
31、ant get rid of inequality because_.（分数：2.00）A.the principle “ survival of the fittest“ existsB.Nature ignores equality in dispensing brains and abilityC.Material rewards are for genuine abilityD.People have the freedom how to educate their children(3).Who can obtain more rapid success_.（分数：2.00）A.th
32、ose with wealthB.those with the best brainsC.those with the best opportunitiesD.those who have the ability to catch at opportunities(4).According to the author, class divisions refers to_.（分数：2.00）A.the rich and the poorB.different opportunities for peopleC.oppressor and the oppressedD.genius and st
33、upidityThe organization known to the world as Interpol has sometimes been described as an outfit of chisel-jawed gimlet-eyed crime fighters who put their lives in jeopardy every working hour. Less flatteringly, Interpol has also been described as a huge filing cabinet, stuffed with clerks choking on
34、 their own statistics. As with most generalities, there is some truth in both statements. There are, certainly, some grim battlers of crime to be found working with Interpol. There are, just as surely, those drones shuffling mountains of paper whose cheeks are sallow from indoor life. Consider the c
35、harisma of the name alone: INTERPOL, the international police force. Continents leaped in a single bound, oceans crossed in the space of a breath, villains watched by eyes that never sleep. Surprisingly, a lot of it happens almost that way. Four groups coordinate and direct the activities of Interpo
36、l. One of them is the National Central Bureaus, or NCBs, bodies designated by the member nations to serve as their link with Interpol. These are the front-line troops, the action people. In the United States, the Treasury Departments the National Central Bureau. In the United Kingdom, it is Scotland
37、 Yard; the Questura in Italy and the Melbourne City Police in Australia. Because police organization varies from country, the NCBs were established to act as the one special group to handle Interpol chores and unsure maximum cooperation between nations. Each NCB is usually an official government bod
38、y with police powers if a country has only one central police authority, that body becomes the National Centre Bureau. Of course, any service appointed as an NCB is bound to its nations law and authority and retains its national title. Each NCB is connected by radio to the regional station for its g
39、eographic zone. The regional stations are connected to the Central Station in France. The radio network is versatile. Network stations can monitor the Central station or any regional station. Because of this messages can be broadcast to more than one station at a time. A coding system determines the
40、 urgency of each message so that those with high priority can be given precedence. Besides, other communication tools, such as radio-teleprinters and phototelegraphy equipment. Permit rapid transfers of fingerprints and photographs. Sometimes ever more advanced technology is employed. When the polic
41、e all over the world were looking for a Canadian named George Leray, they turned to the Early Bird Satellite. Leray had led his gang on a daring holdup of a Montreal bank and gotten away with $ 4 million. Scotland Yard broadcast Lerays photo to the world by satellite. An American who saw the picture
42、 in Florida recognized Leray as a man who was living on a yacht in Fort Lauderdale under an assumed name. The police were alerted and arrested Leray.（分数：8.00）(1).What is the best title for this passage?（分数：2.00）A.The Function of the Interpol.B.The Quality of the Interpol.C.The Organization of the In
43、terpol.D.The Rapid Development of the Interpol.(2).The organization of this passage is_.（分数：2.00）A.general to specificB.cause and effectC.comparison and contrastD.development(3).The sentence “stuffed with clerks choking on their own statistics“ in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to_.（分数：2.
44、00）A.a lot of employees busying in their workB.many office workers busying with various documentsC.crowded with office workers busying with their own collected dataD.workers busying in their own information(4).Which is the easiest tool to communicate?（分数：2.00）A.Satellite.B.Radio.C.Teleprinter.D.Phot
45、otelegraphy.Things have really changed. Not only is the military standing tall again, it is staging a remarkable comeback in the quantity and quality of the recruits it is attracting. Recruiters, once denounced by antiwar students as “baby killers“ and barred from campuses, are welcomed ever at elit
46、e universities. ROTC(Reserve Officers Training Corps)programs, that faltered during the Viet Nam era, when protesters were firebombing their headquarters, are flourishing again. The military academies are enjoying a steady increase in applications. Certainly, the depressed economy has increased the
47、allure of the jobs, technical training and generous student loans offered by the military. Students know that if they go in and become, say, nuclear weapons specialists, they can come out and demand a salary of $60,000 a year. Military salaries, while not always competitive with those paid for compa
48、rable jobs in the private sector, are more than respectable, especially considering the wide array of benefits that are available: free medical service, room and board, and PX(Post Exchange)privileges. Monthly pay for a recruit is $ 574; for a sergeant with four years services it is $ 906; for a maj
49、or with ten years service it is $ 2, 305. The services slick $ 175 million-a-year advertising campaign promising adventure and fulfillment has helped win over the TV generation. Kids are walking down the school hallways chanting “ Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines,“ just like in the commercials. And many military officials feel that the key difference is the enhanced
