1、清华大学考博英语-8 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Vocabula(总题数：40，分数：20.00)1.A child hears his mother tongue spoken from morning till night in its _ form. A.correct B.accurate C.genuine D.perfect（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.2.The first few months of the year I had dreaded the ringing of the telephone, because I kne
2、w it meant another _ decision to be made. A.critical B.plentiful C.decent D.massive（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.3.In protest, blacks and _ whites sat at the counters of these restaurants and refused to move until they were sewed. A.sensible B.indifferent C.influential D.sympathetic（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.4.The brain d
3、rain of experts away from developing countries will greatly influence these countries development of _ industry. A.complicated B.sophisticated C.primitive D.collective（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.5._ in their island community, the various tribes used languages which became more and more similar to each others.
4、A.Managed B.Shrunk C.Assumed D.Isolated（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.6.If full credits were given to this part, it could _ a high grade for the student in his physical course. A.belong to B.be due to C.he subject to D.contribute to（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.7.The teacher wrote a brief comment in the _ to show the student
5、why it was wrong. A.manual B.margin C.edge D.verge（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.8.The structure of this animals brain gives no _ that it is more intelligent than any others. A.indication B.index C.hint D.implication（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.9.While others sat at home studying papers on the subject, Jefferson get into a b
6、oat and made _ observations. A.of-the-spot B.in-the-spot C.on-the-spot D.at-the-spot（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.10.Can you explain this _ of ten years in your job history which you have not accounted for? A.interruption B.gap C.split D.paring（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.11.Mrs. Thompson gave us a _ account of what had hap
7、pened, thats why we no longer believe in the sincerity of her utterance. A.curved B.distorted C.twisted D.tangled（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.12.The headlights of the approaching car were so _ that the cyclist had to stop riding. A.gleaning B.staring C.gleaming D.dazzling（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.13.Some cultures have c
8、ustoms that _ the clothing fashions of people in certain social classes. A.modify B.alter C.regulate D.revise（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.14.The _ beauty of the mountain has made it a world-famous resort. Every year numerous tourists from home and abroad come to visit it. A.perpetual B.perplexed C.preserved D.p
9、erished（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.15.The kitchen was small and _ so that the disabled woman could reach everything without difficulty. A.complex B.complete C.compact D.composite（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.16.With the _ of aluminum, shiny metals such as tin or copper turns into black powders when ground fine. A.reception
10、 B.deception C.exception D.perception（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.17.Californians and New Englanders speak the same language and _ by the same federal laws. A.conform B.abide C.sustain D.comply（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.18.Ideas _ from ones own experience are sometimes more valuable than those from books. A.derived B.dep
11、rived C.retreated D.restored（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.19.If you want to _ a pleasant visit, find out as much as possible about the manners and customs of your host country. A.secure B.ensure C.assure D.restore（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.20.For 5O years they wore able to produce and sell their goods more cheaply than ot
12、her countries and this gave them a _ advantage in world trade. A.considerable B.concrete C.considerate D.conventional（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.21.Because of the massive oil spillage in the gulf, both the plant and animal lives in the area are in _. A.destiny B.amenity C.jeopardy D.tragedy（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.22.
13、They ignored him, despite his repeated _ that he was not on the scene of murder that evening. A.assumptions B.suppositions C.affirmations D.confirmations（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.23.The lease is _ in saying that the rent must be paid in dollars by the 20th of every month. A.explicit B.implicit C.conspicuous
14、D.distinctive（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.24.He was in extreme state of distress and depression when he knew that he had _ lung cancer. A.extracted B.contracted C.abstracted D.attracted（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.25.The relationship between technology and development is complicated. At times the negative features of techn
15、ology seem to _ the positive ones. A.withdraw B.discharge C.maximize D.outweigh（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.26.Do you know the fact that broad bean contain _ that must be destroyed by cooking them at high temperature before eating them? A.flake B.aroma C.ether D.toxin（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.27.The doctor informed his
16、patient that the drug was very _ and can have unpleasant sideeffects. A.potent B.efficient C.intricate D.fragile（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.28.The poison produced by the spiders skin is so _ that it will paralyze a bird or a monkey immediately. A.lethal B.liable C.tedious D.profound（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.29.Over-cul
17、tivation and a long period of erosion has reduced the _ of much of the countrys farmland. A.sufficiency B.fertility C.prosperity D.mobility（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.30.Owing to an _ lack of lower-income housing, the municipal government is embarrassed by the impressing housing issue. A.alien B.obscure C.acut
18、e D.elaborate（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.31.Away from their profession, scientists are inherently no more honest or ethical than other people. But in their profession they work in an arena that puts a high _ on honesty. A.conviction B.inference C.caution D.premium（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.32.She criticized my writing b
19、ut in a way that was very _. I learned a lot from her. A.autonomous B.constructive C.fundamental D.elementary（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.33.You know yourself better than anyone else. Do not undertake that project unless you can _ it. A.complement B.compliment C.implement D.supplement（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.34.The two
20、 pharmaceutical companies collaborated in developing new drugs to _ the pain of patients in the terminal stages of cancer. A.alleviate B.confront C.insulate D.terminate（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.35.Anesthetics are substances _ to deaden pain or produce a condition in which some or all of the senses, especiall
21、y touch, stop functioning or are reduced. A.diverted B.enforced C.exercised D.administered（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.36.Some people want to make as much money as they can because they believe that money can bring them fame and _. A.directory B.morality C.prestige D.monopoly（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.37.She bought a hou
22、se near the sea last year she could take a _ along the beach whenever she wanted to. A.stroll B.stride C.stretch D.strand（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.38.The color and smell of water in these rivers _ itself how serious the pollution is but many people are still ignoring he fact. A.illustrates B.demonstrates C.m
23、anifests D.exemplifies（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.39.When she heard that she broke the world record. she felt an irresistible _ to cry at the winners stand. A.courtesy B.demonstrates C.bravery D.impulse（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.40.To some people, the greatest pleasure of life is to spend their time at home watching TV
24、and _ their pets. A.stroking B.desiring C.modeling D.flattering（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、BPart Reading (总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、BPassage One/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Resale Price Maintenance is the name used when a retailer is compelled to sell at a price fixed by the manufacturer instead of choosing for himself how much
25、to add on to the wholesale price he pays for his supplies. This practice is associated with the sate of “branded“ goods, which now form a very considerable proportion of consumers purchases and it has led to a great deal of controversy.Generally such articles are packed and advertised by the manufac
26、turers, who try to create a special image in the minds of possible purchasersan image made up of the look of the article, its use, its price, and everything else which might lead purchasers to ask for that brand rather than any other. If a retailer is allowed to charge any price he likes he may find
27、 it worthwhile to sell one brand at “cut“ prices even though this involves a loss, because he hopes to attract customers to the shop, where they may be persuaded to buy many other types of goods at higher prices. The manufacturer of the brand that has been cut fears that the retailer may be tempted
28、to reduce the services on this article. But even if he does not there is a danger that the customer becomes unsettled and is unwilling to pay the standard price of the article because he feels that he is being “done“. This may, and indeed often does, affect the reputation of the manufacturer and los
29、e him his markel in the long run.It is sometimes said also that the housewifewho is the principal buyer of most of these goodsprefers a fixed price because she knows where she is and has saved the bother of going from shop to shop in search of lower prices. If one shop cut all the prices of its bran
30、ded goods she would undoubtedly have an advantage in shopping there. But this does not happen. A store usually lowers the price of one of two of its articles which act as a decoy and makes up its losses on others, and changes the cut-price articles from week to week so as to attract different groups
31、 of customers. And so the housewife may feel rather guilty if she does not spend time tracking down the cheaper goods. How far this is true is a matter of temperament and it is impossible to estimate what proportion of purchasers prefer a price that they can rely on wherever they choose to buy and w
32、hat proportion enjoy the challenge involved in finding the store that offers them a bargain.Those who oppose Resale Price Maintenance on the other hand, point out that there are now a great many different channels of distributionchain stores, department stores, co-operative stores, independent or un
33、it shops, supermarkets, mail-order houses, and so on. It would be absurd to assume that all of them have exactly the same costs to meet in stocking and selling their goods, so why should they all sell at the same price? If they were allowed to choose lot themselves, the more efficient retailers woul
34、d sell at lower prices and consumers would benefit. As it is, the retail price must be sufficient to cover the costs of the less efficient avenues of distribution and this means the others make a bigger profit than necessary at the expense of the public. The supporters of the fixed price argue that
35、this is only half the story. The efficient trader can still compete without lowering his prices. He can offer better servicelong credit, or quick delivery or a pleasant shop decor or helpful assistantsand can do this without imperiling the longterm interests of the manufacturer.（分数：10.00）(1).Manufac
36、turers oppose retailers cutting prices on their goods mainly because they think _. A.retailers may eventually stop selling their products B.it may reduce customers confidence in their products C.customers may feel uneasy when prices vary D.it may sometimes lead to poor service（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Su
37、pporters of the fixed price hold that an efficient trader can still make money without lowering prices by _. A.allowing customers time to pay B.hiring assistants for long hours and low wages C.advertising much more effectively D.establishing long-term relations with manufactures（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).
38、By saying “He feels that he is being done“, the author means that customer thinks _. A.someone is despising him B.someone is maltreating him C.someone is blackmailing him D.someone is cheating him（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following statements is FALSE according to the passage? A.Good service
39、 other than price is important in attracting customers. B.An article without a brand name is not subject to Resale Price Maintenance. C.Manufactures attempt to influence possible purchasers by making their products easy to identify D.Housewives prefer fixed prices because fixed prices are much less
40、likely to fluctuate.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The sentence “She knows where she is“ in the third paragraph can be paraphrased as“_“. A.She knows her place B.She knows her stuff C.She feels secure D.She feels intoxicated（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.四、BPassage Two/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Not too many decades ago it seemed “o
41、bvious“ both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed peoples natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kin (亲戚) and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relati onships with passing acquaintances. However, in recent years a growing body o
42、f research has revealed that the “obviousness“ is not true. It seems that if you are city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does not nece
43、ssarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else.Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people Small-town res
44、idents are more involved with kin than are big-city residents. Yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residen
45、ts of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers.These findings do not imply that urb
46、anism makes little or no difference. If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young troublemakers. Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be a link between a communitys population size and its
47、social heterogeneity (多样性). For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling, drugs, etc. Large-city urbanites are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan (见多识广者的) outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so-called un-desirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be o
