1、清华大学考博英语-12 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Listenin(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、BPart Vocabula(总题数：20，分数：20.00)1.The _ of the spring water attracts a lot of visitors from other parts of the country. A. clash B. clarify C. clarity D. clatter（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Business in this area has been _ because prices a
2、re too high. A. prosperous B. secretive C. slack D. shrill（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.He told a story about his sister who was in a sad _ when she was ill and had no money. A. plight B. polarization C. plague D. pigment（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.He added a _ to his letter by saying that he would arrive before 8pm. A
3、. presidency B. prestige C. postscript D. preliminary（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.Some linguists believe that the _ age for children learning a foreign language is 5 to 8. A. optimistic B. optional C. optimal D. oppressed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.It all started in 1950, when people began to build their houses on the
4、 _ of their cities. A. paradises B. omissions C. orchards D. outskirts（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.The meeting was _ over by the mayor of the city. A. presumed B. proposed C. presented D. presided（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.The crowd _ into the hall and some had to stand outside. A. outgrew B. overthrew C. overpassed
5、D. overflew（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.It was clear that the storm _ his arrival by two hours. A. retarded B. retired C. refrained D. retreated（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.This problem should be discussed first, for it takes _ over all the other issues. A. precedence B. prosperity C. presumption D. probability（分数：1.0
6、0）A.B.C.D.11.Her sadness was obvious, but she believed that her feeling of depression was _. A. torrent B. transient C. tensile D. textured（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.Nobody knew how he came up with this _ idea about the trip. A. weary B. twilight C. unanimous D. weird（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.The flower under th
7、e sun would _ quickly without any protection. A. wink B. withhold C. wither D. widower（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.The _ of gifted children into accelerated classes will start next week according to their academic performance. A. segregation B. specification C. spectrum D. subscription（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.He
8、_ himself bitterly for his miserable behavior that evening. A. repealed B. resented C. relayed D. reproached（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.16.Any earthquake that takes place in any area is certainly regarded as a kind of a _ event. A. cholesterol B. charcoal C. catastrophic D. chronic（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.17.He cut th
9、e string and held up the two _ to tie the box. A. segments B. sediments C. seizures D. secretes（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.18.All the music instruments in the orchestra will be _ before it starts. A. civilized B. chattered C. chambered D. chorded（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19.When the air in a certain space is squeezed t
10、o occupy a smaller space, the air is said to be _. A. commenced B. compressed C. compromised D. compensated（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.20.She made two copies of this poem and posted them _ to different publishers. A. sensationally B. simultaneously C. strenuously D. simply（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.三、BPart Reading (总题数：
11、4，分数：20.00)Each year, millions of people in Bangladesh drink ground water that has been polluted by naturally high levels of arsenic poison. Finding safe drinking water in that country can be a problem. However, International Development Enterprises has a low-cost answer. This non-governmental organ
12、ization has developed technology to harvest rainwater. People around the world have been harvesting rainwater for centuries. It is a safe, dependable source of drinking water. Unlike ground water, rainwater contains no minerals or salts and is free of chemical treatments. Best of all, it is free. Th
13、e rainwater harvesting system created by International Development Enterprises uses pipes to collect water from the tops of buildings. The pipes stretch from the tops of buildings to a two-meter tall storage tank made of metal. At the top of the tank is a so-called “first-flush“ device made of wire
14、screen. This barrier prevents dirt and leaves in the water from falling inside the tank. A fitted cover sits over the “first-flush“ device. It protects the water inside the tank from evaporating. The cover also prevents mosquito insects from laying eggs in the water. Inside the tank is a low coat pl
15、astic bag that collects the water. The bag sits inside another plastic bag similar to those used to hold grains. The two bags are supported inside the metal tank. All total, the water storage system can hold up to three-thousand-five-hundred liters of water. International Development Enterprises say
16、s the inner bags may need to be replaced every two to three years. However, if the bags are not damaged by sunlight, they could last even longer. International Development Enterprises says the water harvesting system should be built on a raised structure to prevent insects from eating into it at the
17、 bottom. The total cost to build this rainwater harvesting system is about forty dollars. However, International Development Enterprises expects the price to drop over time. The group says one tank can provide a family of five with enough rainwater to survive a five-month dry season.（分数：5.00）(1).Peo
18、ple in Bangladesh can use _ as a safe source of drinking water. A. ground water B. rainwater C. drinking water D. fresh water（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following contributes to the low-cost of using rainwater? A. Rainwater is free of chemical treatments. B. People have been harvesting rainwat
19、er for centuries. C. The water harvesting system is built on a platform. D. Rainwater can be collected using pipes.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following actually prevents dirt and leaves from falling inside the tank? A. a barrier B. a wire screen C. a first-flush D. a storage tank（分数：1.00）A.B.
20、C.D.(4).The bags used to hold water are likely to be damaged by _. A. mosquito insects B. a fitted cover C. a first-flush device D. sunlight（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What should be done to prevent insects from eating into the water harvesting system at the bottom? A. The two bags holding the water should
21、 be put inside the metal tank. B. The inner bags need to be replaced every two years C. The water harvesting system should be built on a platform. D. A cover should be used to prevent insects from eating it.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.Where one stage of child development has been left out, or not sufficiently
22、experienced, the child may have to go back and capture the experience of it. A good home makes this possible, for example by providing the opportunity for the child to play with a clockwork car or toy railway train up to any age if he still needs to do so. This principle, in fact, underlies all psyc
23、hological treatment of children in difficulties with their development, and is the basis of work in child clinics. The beginnings of discipline are in the nursery. Even the youngest baby is taught by gradual stages to wait for food, to sleep and wake at regular intervals and so on. If the child feel
24、s the world around him is a warm and friendly one, he slowly accepts its rhythm and accustoms himself to conforming to its demands. Learning to wait for things, particularly for food, is a very important element in upbringing, and is achieved successfully only if too great demands are not made befor
25、e the child can understand them. Every parent watches eagerly the childs acquisition of each new skillthe first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous
26、feeling of failure and states of anxiety in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much,
27、 or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural zest for life and his desire to find out new things for himself. Learning together is a fruit source of relationship between children and parents. By playing together, parents learn more about their children and children learn more from th
28、eir parents. Toys and games which both parents and children can share are an important means of achieving this co-operation. Building-block toys, jigsaw puzzles and crossword are good examples. Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness or indulgence towards their children. Some may be espec
29、ially strict in money matters, others are severe over times of coming home at night, punctuality for meals or personal cleanliness. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the childs own happiness and well-being.（分数：5.00）(1).The
30、principle underlying all treatment of developmental difficulties in children _. A. is to send them to clinics B. offers recapture of earlier experiences C. is in the provision of clockwork toys and trains D. is to capture them before they are sufficiently experienced（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The child in
31、 the nursery _. A. quickly learns to wait for food B. doesnt initially sleep and wake at regular intervals C. always accepts the rhythm of the world around them D. always feels the world around him is warm and friendly（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The encouragement of children to achieve new skills _. A. can
32、 never be taken too far B. should be left to school teachers C. will always assist their development D. should be balanced between two extremes（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Jigsaw puzzles are _. A. too difficult for children B. a kind of building-block toy C. not very entertaining for adults D. suitable exer
33、cises for parent-child cooperation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Parental controls and discipline _. A. serve a dual purpose B. should be avoided as much as possible C. reflect the values of the community D. are designed to promote the childs happiness（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.More than half of all Jews married in U.S
34、. since 1990 have wed people who arent Jewish. Nearly 480,000 American children under the age of ten have one Jewish and one non-Jewish parent. And, if a survey compiled by researchers at the University of California at Los Angeles is any indication, its almost certain that most of these children wi
35、ll not identify themselves as “Jewish“ when they get older. That survey asked college freshmen, who are usually around age 18, about their own and their parents religious identities. Ninety-three percent of those with two Jewish parents said they thought of themselves as Jewish. But when the father
36、wasnt Jewish, the number dropped to 38 percent, and when the mother wasnt Jew, just 15 percent of the students said they were Jewish, too. “I think what was surprising was just how low the Jewish identification was in these mixed marriage families.“ Linda Sax is a professor of education at UCLA. She
37、 directed the survey which was conducted over the course of more than a decade and wasnt actually about religious identity specifically. But Professor Sax says the answers to questions about religion were particularly striking, and deserve a more detailed study. She says its obvious that interfaith
38、marriage works against the development of Jewish identity among children, but says its not clear at this point why thats the case. “This new study is necessary to get more in-depth about their feelings about their religion. Thats something that the study that I completed was not able to do. We didnt
39、 have information on how they feel about their religion, whether they have any concern about their issues of identification, how comfortable they feel about their lifelong goals. I think the new studys going to cover some of that,“ she says. Jay Rubin is executive director of Hilel, a national organ
40、ization that works with Jewish college students. Mr. Rubin says Judaism is more than a religion, its an experience. And with that in mind, Hillel has commissioned a study of Jewish attitudes towards Judaism. Researchers will concentrate primarily on young adults, and those with two Jewish parents, a
41、nd those with just one, those who see themselves as Jewish and those who do not. Jay Rubin says Hillel will then use this study to formulate a strategy for making Judaism more relevant to the next generation of American Jews.（分数：5.00）(1).The best title of this passage is _. A. Jewish and Non-Jewish
42、in American B. Jewish Identity in America C. Judaism-a Religion? D. College Jewish Students（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Among the freshmen at UCLA _ thought themselves as Jewish. A. most B. 93% of those whose parents were both Jewish C. 62% of those only whose father were Jewish D. 15% of those only whose m
43、other were Jewish（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The phrase “interfaith marriage“ in the Paragraph 3 refers to the _. A. marriage of people based on mutual belief B. marriage of people for the common faith C. marriage of people of different religious faiths D. marriage of people who have faith in each other（分数
44、：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following statements is NOT true about professor Saxs research? A. The research indicates that most students with only one Jewish parent will not think themselves as Jewish. B. The survey was carried out among Jewish Freshmen. C. The research survey didnt find out what
45、 and how these Jewish students think about their religion. D. The research presents a new perspective for the future study.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following is true according to the last paragraph? A. Mr. Rubin is the founder of Hillel. B. Mr. Rubin thinks that Judaism is not a religion an
46、d its an experience. C. Hillel is an organization concerned with Jewish college students in the world. D. Hillel has asked certain people to carry out a study about Jewish attitudes towards Judaism.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.Governments that want their people to prosper in the burgeoning world economy should
47、guarantee two basic rights: the right to private property and the right to enforceable contracts, says Mancur Olson in his book Power and Prosperity. Olson was an economics professor at the University of Maryland until his death in 1998. Some have argued that such rights are merely luxuries that wea
48、lthy societies bestow, but Olson turns that argument around and asserts that such rights are essential to creating wealth. “In comes are low in most of the countries of the world, in short, because the people in those countries do not have secure in dividual rights,“ he says. Certain simple economic activities, such as food gathering and making handicrafts, rely mostly on individual labor; property is not necessary. But more ad
