1、清华大学真题 2003 年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Vocabula(总题数：20，分数：20.00)1.Written at least 100 years ago, the handwriting faded and certainly became _.（分数：1.00）A.infiniteB.illegibleC.infectiousD.immune2.It is doubtful whether anyone can be a truly _ observer of events.（分数：1.00）A.inadequateB.impassi
2、veC.geniusD.impartial3.She was _. by the lack of appreciation shown of her hard work.（分数：1.00）A.frustratedB.dispersedC.functionedD.displaced4.The shuttle exploded in the air suddenly and broke into _ at once.（分数：1.00）A.diversityB.fragmentsC.doctrineD.drought5.As the society has rigid social _, every
3、one knows his role in the society.（分数：1.00）A.hemisphereB.contemptC.controversyD.hierarchy6.Three years have _ since we last met at the conference for Internet communication in Beijing.（分数：1.00）A.elapsedB.discernedC.discontentedD.electrified7.It turned out that he had _ the whole story just to cheat
4、his friends.（分数：1.00）A.dissipatedB.divergedC.detachedD.fabricated8.He had a clear _ of what was wrong with the machine and fixed it in a short time.（分数：1.00）A.debrisB.deficiencyC.perceptionD.persecution9.For ten years the problem about the water has not been solved, we came to think that it has been
5、 a _ problem in this area.（分数：1.00）A.perpetualB.persuasiveC.picturesqueD.possessive10.He was _ by the noise outside yesterday evening and could not concentrate on his study.（分数：1.00）A.peckedB.orientedC.perturbedD.paddled11.He is often inclined to _ in other peoples affairs, which is none of his busi
6、ness.（分数：1.00）A.manipulatedB.lumberedC.meddleD.littered12.He practiced _ on her and managed to get $ 2, 000.（分数：1.00）A.linenB.deceptionC.longitude.D.paradise13.He was _ to take over the duties and responsibilities of his father from an early age.（分数：1.00）A.deducedB.dampedC.diminishedD.destined14.Suc
7、h questions should be approached honestly and in full awareness that _ loan agreements will cost money due to cancellation or other charges.（分数：1.00）A.compressingB.terminatingC.conformingD.contending15.The room was full of people and smoke. She started to feel _ with the heat inside.（分数：1.00）A.oppre
8、ssedB.congestedC.confrontedD.craned16.The language experts believe that the _ age for learning a foreign language is 6 years old.（分数：1.00）A.conceptualB.considerateC.optimalD.component17.She got very angry and _ her clothes about in the room.（分数：1.00）A.flungB.flewC.clampedD.clashed18.He knew that he
9、would be punished severely because of his serious error. Therefore he _ away the day before yesterday.（分数：1.00）A.cautionedB.fledC.chatteredD.civilized19.The evil manners would be _ root and branch due to the forceful action taken by the local government.（分数：1.00）A.exterminatedB.exemplifiedC.facilita
10、tedD.emitted20.We all know that it is very hard to _ him to give his plan up.（分数：1.00）A.endeavorB.reduceC.assertD.induce二、BPart Reading (总题数：4，分数：40.00)BDirections:/B There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them ther
11、e are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.A scorching sun, an endless sea of sand and a waterless, forbiddingly lonely land-that is the image most people have of deser
12、ts. But how true is this picture? Deserts are drylands where rainfall is low. This is not to say rain never falls in deserts. It may fall once or twice a year in a fierce torrent that fades almost as soon as it has begun, or which evaporates in the hot air long before it has got anywhere near the ea
13、rth. It may fall in a sudden sweeping flood that carries everything in its path. Rains may only come once in five or six years or not fall for a decade or more. The Mojave desert in the United States remained dry for twenty-five years.Without water no living thing can survive, and one feature of the
14、 desert landscape is the absence of vegetation. With little rain and hardly any vegetation the land suffers under the sun. There are virtually no clouds or trees to protect the earths surface and it can be burning hot. Under the sun, soils break up and crack. Wind and torrential rain sweep away and
15、erode the surface further. Eight million square kilometers of the worlds land surface is desert. Throughout history deserts have been expanding and retreating again. Cave paintings show that parts of the Sahara Desert were green and fertile about 10, 000 years ago, and even animals like elephants an
16、d giraffes roamed the land. Fossil and dunes found in fertile and damp parts of the world show that these areas were once deserts. But now the creation of new desert areas is happening on a colossal scale. Twenty million square kilometers, an area twice the size of Canada, is at a high to very high
17、risk of becoming desert. With a further 1.25 million square kilometers under moderate risk, an area covering 30% of the earths land surface is desert, becoming desert, or in danger of becoming desert. The rate of growth of deserts is alarming. The worlds drylands which are under threat include some
18、of the most important stock-rearing and wheat-growing areas and are the homes of 600 - 700 million people. These regions are becoming deserts at the rate of more than 58, 000 square kilometers a year or 44 hectares a minute. In North Africa at least 100, 000 hectares of cropland are lost each year.
19、At this rate there is a high risk that we will be confined to living on only 50% of this planets land surface within one more century unless we are able to do something about it.（分数：10.00）(1).What does the passage tell us about rainfall in the desert?（分数：2.00）A.It never rains.B.It rains so little th
20、at nothing can live.C.It rains unexpectedly.D.It rains very infrequently.(2).Desert soils break up and crack because of _.（分数：2.00）A.the effects of wind and rain.B.the lack of protection from the sun.C.the tropical location of deserts.D.the absence of rain.(3).What do we learn about deserts from thi
21、s text?（分数：2.00）A.Deserts can change into green and fertile areas.B.Certain areas have always been desert.C.Deserts were once the home of elephants and giraffes.D.Deserts have been growing since the beginning of the world.(4).How much of the worlds land surface is at risk of becoming desert?（分数：2.00
22、）A.Less than ten million square kilometers.B.Twenty million square kilometers.C.More than twenty million square kilometers.D.30% of the worlds land surface.(5).What does the writer think about the creation of new desert areas?（分数：2.00）A.It is a natural development.B.The problem is not very serious.C
23、.It is a very worrying problem.D.The situation will improve in time.The first thing to notice is that the media were all familiar with-from books to television-are one-way propositions: they push their content at us. The Web is two-way, push and pull. In finer point, it combines the one-way reach of
24、 broadcast with the two-way reciprocity (互惠) of a mid-cast. Indeed, its user can at once be a receiver and sender of broadcast, a confusing property, but mind-stretching!A second aspect of the Web is that it is the first medium that honors the notion of multiple intelligences. This past centurys con
25、cept of literacy grew out of our intense belief in text, a focus enhanced by the power of one particular technology-the typewriter. It became a great tool for writers but a terrible one for other creative activities such as sketching, painting, notating music, or even mathematics. The typewriter pri
26、zed one particular kind of intelligence, but with the Web, we suddenly have a medium that honors multiple forms of intelligence- abstract, textual, visual, musical, social, and kinesthetic. As educators, we now have a chance to construct a medium that enables all young people to become engaged in th
27、eir ideal way of learning. The Web affords the match we need between a medium and how a particular person learns.A third and unusual aspect of the Web is that it leverages (起杠杆作用) the small efforts of the many with the large efforts of the few. For example, researchers in the Maricopa County Communi
28、ty College system in Phoenix have found a way to link a set of senior citizens with pupils in the Longview Elementary School, as helper-mentors (顾问). Its wonderful to see- kids listen to these grandparents better than they do to their own parents, the mentoring really helps their teachers, and the s
29、eniors create a sense of meaning for themselves. Thus, the small efforts of the man-the seniors-complement the large efforts of the few-the teachers. The same thing can be found in operation at Hewlett-Packard, where engineers use the Web to help kids with science or math problems. Both of these exa
30、mples barely scratch the surface as we think about whats possible when we start interlacing resources with needs across a whole region.（分数：10.00）(1).What does the word mind-stretching imply?（分数：2.00）A.Obtaining ones mental power.B.Strengthening ones power of thought.C.Making great demands on ones me
31、ntal power.D.Exerting ones mental power as far as possible.(2).What is a terrible tool for activities such as sketching and painting?（分数：2.00）A.TechnologyB.TypewriterC.TextD.The web(3).Which group of people make some efforts to help pupils in elementary schools?（分数：2.00）A.TeachersB.ResearchersC.Gran
32、dparentsD.Senior citizens(4).The sentence the seniors create a sense of meaning for themselves means the seniors（分数：2.00）A.acquire a new meaning of their livesB.understand the meaning of the webC.create a web site for themselvesD.add a new meaning to the web(5).The expression “scratch the surface“ m
33、ost probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.think hard in a puzzled wayB.deal with a problem thoroughlyC.treat a subject without being thoroughD.work out a solution for a problem easilyThere is no question that the old style of air pollution could kill people. In one week following the infamous “peasouper“ fog
34、in December 1952, 4, 700 people died in London. Most of these people were elderly and already had heart or lung diseases. A series of these killer fogs eventually led to the British Parliament passing the Clean Air Act which restricted the burning of coal.Fortunately the effect of smog on the lungs
35、is not so dramatic. Scientists have now conducted a number of laboratory experiments in which volunteers are exposed to ozone inside a steel chamber for a few hours. Even at quite low concentrations there is a reversible fall in lung function, an increase in the irritability of the lungs and evidenc
36、e of airway inflammation (发炎). Although irritable and inflamed lungs are particularly seen in people with asthma (哮喘) and other lung diseases, these effects of ozone also occur in healthy subjects. Similar changes are also seen after exposure to nitrogen dioxide, although there is some disagreement
37、about the concentration at which they occur.Other studies have found that people living in areas with high levels of pollution have more symptoms and worse lung function than those living in areas with clean air. Groups of children attending school camps show falls in lung function even at quite low
38、 concentrations of ozone. There is also a relationship between ozone levels and hospital admissions for asthma, both in North America and Australia. It is suspected that long-term exposure to smog may result in chronic bronchitis (支气管炎) and emphysema (肺气肿), but this has yet to be proven.Recently an
39、association has been found between the levels of particles in the air and death rates in North American cities. The reason for this association is not understood and as yet there is no evidence this occurs in Australia. However, we do know that hazy days are associated with more asthma attacks in ch
40、ildren.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is NOT the result of laboratory experiments?（分数：2.00）A.Low concentrationsB.Fall in lung functionC.Irritability of the lungsD.Air way inflammation(2).Irritable and inflamed lungs are also seen in people with _.（分数：2.00）A.asthmaB.lung diseasesC.good healthD.
41、weak health(3).Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a possible cause of lung diseases?（分数：2.00）A.The burning of coalB.Long-term exposure to smogC.Exposure to nitrogen dioxideD.Attending school camps(4).The relationship between exposure to _ has not yet been determined.（分数：2.00）A.ozone and fall
42、 in lung functionB.ozone and lung diseases such as asthmaC.nitrogen dioxide and worse lung functionD.smog and chronic bronchitis and emphysema(5).The association between _ has not yet been found in Australia.（分数：2.00）A.ozone levels and hospital admissions for asthmaB.hazy days and more asthma attack
43、s in childrenC.the levels of particles in the air and death ratesD.high levels of pollution and more symptomsThe events of Sept. 11 have ratcheted up security at American airports to the highest level ever, according to a spokesman for Transportation Secretary Norman Mineta. But to say there is plen
44、ty of room for improvement puts it mildly. Hundreds of employees with access to high-security areas at 15 U. S. airports have been arrested or indicted by federal law enforcement officials for using phony Social Security numbers, lying about criminal convictions0r being in the United States illegall
45、y. None of those arrested had terrorist links, but some aviation experts said the workers were in a position to help smuggle weapons or bombs aboard aircraft if they had wanted.Tests ordered by President Bush and conducted by federal agents at 32 airports between November and February, when airports
46、 were on highest alert, showed that security screeners failed to detect knives 70% of the time, guns 30% of the time and simulated explosives 60% of the time.Two members of the House Transportation Committee are pushing to reverse the administrations opposition to arming pilots because groups repres
47、enting pilots are insisting that their members need to be armed as a last line of defense.Attorney General John Ashcroft said the arrests of hundreds of airport employees showed that the system of background checks-done piecemeal by airlines, private contractors and others-needs tightening. That muc
48、h is painfully obvious. What isnt clear is why the system was so porous (有漏洞的) to begin with and why it wasnt immediately tightened after that infamous Tuesday in September.Some people in the industry wisely have suggested that all airport workers be required to pass through the same metal detectors
49、 and other security checks as flight crews do, Congress has ordered the new Transportation Security Administration to find ways to enact just such a requirement. Unfortunately, no deadline has been set, in part because federal officials are preoccupied with getting thousands of new baggage screeners in place by Nov. 19-when the feds take over airport security-and installing bomb-detection equipment in all airports by the
